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Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 #1-2
戰後歐洲六十年（上）： 重建與冷戰1945-1971
一戰前的歐洲也許是樂觀的大陸，二戰後的歐洲卻已是懷疑的廢墟。一九四五年後的歐洲人，生活在大戰與極權主義投下的長長陰影裡，小心翼翼不去破壞得來不易的和平，遠離激烈的意識形態鬥爭，專注在重建與復興的工作上。各國雖也有相當的「去納粹化」措施，對於可怕的過去與創傷，許多人選擇緘默以對。
然而，美蘇卻在二戰後開始激烈的地緣政治對抗，冷戰隨即到來，不但使戰爭的陰影揮之不去，也讓歐洲大陸分為東西兩半。蘇聯在東歐建立起諸多衛星國，美國為了對抗蘇聯，則以馬歇爾計畫大力扶助西歐各國。雖然鄰國對此感到憂懼，西德在戰後卻迅速成長，成為歐洲發展的引擎。
一九五○、六○年代，英、法、西德等西歐各國迎來經濟復興，並在煤鋼共同體和北約等組織中推動多方面的整合，消融彼此的敵意，以抵禦蘇聯的威脅。同一時期，蘇聯將波蘭、匈牙利、羅馬尼亞、東德等國納為附庸，並強行推動計畫經濟，命其服務於蘇聯的經濟體系，東歐遂陷入經濟依賴和發展遲緩之中。
到了一九六○年代末，在西歐，經濟成長雖帶來繁榮，但也使社會階級差距和青年世代的不滿逐漸浮現；在東歐，計畫經濟的低效和政治壓迫引發對共產體制的質疑。對於東西歐各自的反叛，東尼．賈德評論巴黎的五月事件「根本談不上革命」，而「共產主義的靈魂」在布拉格之春後「就已死掉」，為一九八九年的局勢埋下了伏筆。
然而，美蘇卻在二戰後開始激烈的地緣政治對抗，冷戰隨即到來，不但使戰爭的陰影揮之不去，也讓歐洲大陸分為東西兩半。蘇聯在東歐建立起諸多衛星國，美國為了對抗蘇聯，則以馬歇爾計畫大力扶助西歐各國。雖然鄰國對此感到憂懼，西德在戰後卻迅速成長，成為歐洲發展的引擎。
一九五○、六○年代，英、法、西德等西歐各國迎來經濟復興，並在煤鋼共同體和北約等組織中推動多方面的整合，消融彼此的敵意，以抵禦蘇聯的威脅。同一時期，蘇聯將波蘭、匈牙利、羅馬尼亞、東德等國納為附庸，並強行推動計畫經濟，命其服務於蘇聯的經濟體系，東歐遂陷入經濟依賴和發展遲緩之中。
到了一九六○年代末，在西歐，經濟成長雖帶來繁榮，但也使社會階級差距和青年世代的不滿逐漸浮現；在東歐，計畫經濟的低效和政治壓迫引發對共產體制的質疑。對於東西歐各自的反叛，東尼．賈德評論巴黎的五月事件「根本談不上革命」，而「共產主義的靈魂」在布拉格之春後「就已死掉」，為一九八九年的局勢埋下了伏筆。
657 pages, Kindle Edition
Published December 25, 2024
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About the author
Tony Judt
57 books670 followersBorn in 1948, Tony Judt was raised in the East End of London by a mother whose parents had immigrated from Russia and a Belgian father who descended from a line of Lithuanian rabbis. Judt was educated at Emanuel School, before receiving a BA (1969) and PhD (1972) in history from the University of Cambridge.
Like many other Jewish parents living in postwar Europe, his mother and father were secular, but they sent him to Hebrew school and steeped him in the Yiddish culture of his grandparents, which Judt says he still thinks of wistfully. Urged on by his parents, Judt enthusiastically waded into the world of Israeli politics at age 15. He helped promote the migration of British Jews to Israel. In 1966, having won an exhibition to King's College Cambridge, he took a gap year and went to work on kibbutz Machanaim. When Nasser expelled UN troops from Sinai in 1967, and Israel mobilized for war, like many European Jews, he volunteered to replace kibbutz members who had been called up. During and in the aftermath of the Six-Day War, he worked as a driver and translator for the Israel Defense Forces.
But during the aftermath of the war, Judt's belief in the Zionist enterprise began to unravel. "I went with this idealistic fantasy of creating a socialist, communitarian country through work," Judt has said. The problem, he began to believe, was that this view was "remarkably unconscious of the people who had been kicked out of the country and were suffering in refugee camps to make this fantasy possible."
Career: King's College, Cambridge, England, fellow, 1972-78; University of California at Berkeley, assistant professor, 1978-80; St. Anne's College, Oxford University, Oxford, England, fellow, 1980-87; New York University, New York, NY, professor of history, 1987--, director of Remarque Institute, 1995--.
Awards: American Council of Learned Societies, fellow, 1980; British Academy Award for Research, 1984; Nuffield Foundation fellow, 1986; Guggenheim fellow, 1989; Pulitzer Prize in general nonfiction finalist, 2006, for Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945.
Like many other Jewish parents living in postwar Europe, his mother and father were secular, but they sent him to Hebrew school and steeped him in the Yiddish culture of his grandparents, which Judt says he still thinks of wistfully. Urged on by his parents, Judt enthusiastically waded into the world of Israeli politics at age 15. He helped promote the migration of British Jews to Israel. In 1966, having won an exhibition to King's College Cambridge, he took a gap year and went to work on kibbutz Machanaim. When Nasser expelled UN troops from Sinai in 1967, and Israel mobilized for war, like many European Jews, he volunteered to replace kibbutz members who had been called up. During and in the aftermath of the Six-Day War, he worked as a driver and translator for the Israel Defense Forces.
But during the aftermath of the war, Judt's belief in the Zionist enterprise began to unravel. "I went with this idealistic fantasy of creating a socialist, communitarian country through work," Judt has said. The problem, he began to believe, was that this view was "remarkably unconscious of the people who had been kicked out of the country and were suffering in refugee camps to make this fantasy possible."
Career: King's College, Cambridge, England, fellow, 1972-78; University of California at Berkeley, assistant professor, 1978-80; St. Anne's College, Oxford University, Oxford, England, fellow, 1980-87; New York University, New York, NY, professor of history, 1987--, director of Remarque Institute, 1995--.
Awards: American Council of Learned Societies, fellow, 1980; British Academy Award for Research, 1984; Nuffield Foundation fellow, 1986; Guggenheim fellow, 1989; Pulitzer Prize in general nonfiction finalist, 2006, for Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945.
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Displaying 1 - 2 of 2 reviews
December 29, 2025
神作，太好看了，天呀
June 15, 2025
這本給我的感覺比較...文學嗎? 沒有像某些講戰史的書, 冷冷淡淡的走數據圖表理論之類, 而是泰半關注世人的心情變化和社會氛圍之類的東西...有點微妙, 畢竟這種情緒上的描述, 對讀者來說很難確定究竟是事實還是作者的自我投射...... 但若不要那麼講求精確性的話(可以嗎XD), 本書還是蠻值得一讀的吧.
原本想說看完上冊就算了, 但好像下冊會講蠻多經濟大蕭條之類, 微妙的蠻貼近2025的, 所以應該還是會找時間看一下. 川皇上任以來也發生太多事情了吧? 白宮直播出包/關稅戰爭/美國鎮壓抗議/議員被暗殺/川馬分手擂台(?), 鬧到現在以色列跟伊朗還真的打起來了...有種大家都快overload的感覺.
原本想說看完上冊就算了, 但好像下冊會講蠻多經濟大蕭條之類, 微妙的蠻貼近2025的, 所以應該還是會找時間看一下. 川皇上任以來也發生太多事情了吧? 白宮直播出包/關稅戰爭/美國鎮壓抗議/議員被暗殺/川馬分手擂台(?), 鬧到現在以色列跟伊朗還真的打起來了...有種大家都快overload的感覺.
Displaying 1 - 2 of 2 reviews