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A Treatise on Poetry

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The Nobel Prize-winning poet Czeslaw Milosz began his remarkable A Treatise on Poetry in the winter of 1955 and finished it in the spring of 1956. It was published originally in parts in the Polish émigré journal Kultura. Now it is available in English for the first time in this expert translation by the award-winning American poet Robert Hass.

A Treatise on Poetry is a great poem about some of the most terrible events in the twentieth century. Divided into four sections, the poem begins at the end of the nineteenth century as a comedy of manners and moves with a devastating momentum through World War I to the horror of World War II. Then it takes on directly and plainly the philosophical abyss into which the European cultures plunged.

"Author's Notes" on the poem appear at the end of the volume. A stunning literary composition, these notes stand alone as brilliant miniature portraits that magically re-create the lost world of prewar Europe.A Treatise on Poetry evokes the European twentieth century, its comedy and terror and grief, with the force and expressiveness of a great novel. A tone poem to a lost time, a harrowing requiem for the century's dead, and a sober meditation on history, consciousness, and art: here is a masterwork that confronts the meaning of the twentieth century with a directness and vividness that are without parallel.

144 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 2001

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About the author

Czesław Miłosz

312 books879 followers
Czesław Miłosz was a Nobel Prize winning poet and author of Polish-Lithuanian heritage. He memorialised his Lithuanian childhood in a 1955 novel, The Issa Valley , and in the 1959 memoir Native Realm . After graduating from Sigismund Augustus Gymnasium in Vilnius, he studied law at Stefan Batory University and in 1931 he travelled to Paris, where he was influenced by his distant cousin Oscar Milosz, a French poet of Lithuanian descent and a Swedenborgian. His first volume of poetry was published in 1934.

After receiving his law degree that year, he again spent a year in Paris on a fellowship. Upon returning, he worked as a commentator at Radio Wilno, but was dismissed, an action described as stemming from either his leftist views or for views overly sympathetic to Lithuania. Miłosz wrote all his poetry, fiction, and essays in Polish and translated the Old Testament Psalms into Polish.

Awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize in Literature for being an author "who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts."

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Displaying 1 - 16 of 16 reviews
Profile Image for S©aP.
407 reviews72 followers
March 29, 2016
Un'opera letteraria, sociale, storica, che recupera e raddensa le funzioni più antiche, risalenti, della poesia. Lettura molto impegnativa e trascinante al tempo stesso: richiede partecipazione attiva, interesse e ricerca, ma regala intensità, enfasi e spunti profondi. Pur nell'impossibilità di rendere appieno gli stimoli originali di un testo poetico (assonanze, rime, musicalità e ritmo si perdono, in una traduzione), la "versione" in italiano restituisce un afflato credibile e molto coinvolgente. Ciò detto, invito chi volesse approfondire a leggere anche l'eccellente commento di Artemisia su questo libro .
Profile Image for Artemisia.
147 reviews
March 26, 2012
È il 1950 quando Czesław Miłosz viene trasferito dall’ambasciata polacca di Washington a quella di Parigi. Ha alle spalle un breve soggiorno in Polonia durante il quale, insieme ad altri intellettuali polacchi, ha accettato la nuova realtà politica del paese. Tuttavia, la consapevolezza dell’incompatibilità tra le sue idee politiche e lo stalinismo istituito in patria lo porterà, appena un anno più tardi, a chiedere asilo politico alla Francia.

Il Trattato poetico appartiene proprio agli anni francesi dell’autore. Scritto tra il 1955 e il 1956, è una tappa fondamentale nel percorso poetico e umano di Miłosz: composto da un poema diviso in quattro parti e da un commento corposo e accurato, racconta le vicende del novecento polacco senza tralasciare il minimo aspetto. Coprendo un arco di tempo che va da 1900 al 1949 (e quindi dai ‘bei tempi’ anteguerra all’emigrazione del poeta negli USA) riepiloga con scioltezza gli avvenimenti nazionali più significativi. La descrizione dei giovani intellettuali polacchi, della moda e dei caffè si accompagna così a riferimenti storici accuratissimi e perfetti; alla critica letteraria, alla riflessione storiosofica e, in particolar modo, al problema (sempre profondamente sentito da Miłosz) della lingua in rapporto all’impegno civile del poeta.
È la glossa che accompagna il testo (impensabile, per l’appunto, senza il suo commento) a espandere le frasi lievi della ballata storica: Miłosz, curatore e poeta insieme, spiega passo dopo passo i motivi che lo hanno spinto a comporre il Trattato. Pare dunque essere la stessa memoria polacca a guidare la mano dell’autore che, con lo scarno ornamento della necessità, tratteggia l’immagine di una nazione deformata dalla storia. Il poema, infatti, riflette come uno specchio magico le vicende di una terra in cui il Novecento si è manifestato nelle sembianze più tragiche.

Dalla ‘piccola Cracovia, come un uomo dipinto’ a Varsavia, ‘città estranea su una piana sabbiosa’, i toni della poesia cambiano. Si fanno più malinconici e raccolti, ricchi di un peso che si fa man mano più grave: “eh no, lettore, non abiti una rosa / questo paese ha suoi pianeti e fiumi / ma è fragile come il lembo del mattino. / Lo ricreiamo noi giorno per giorno / stimando più ciò che è reale / di ciò che è irrigidito in nome e suono. / Al mondo lo strappiamo con la forza, / troppa facilità non lo fa esistere. / Di’ addio a ciò che è scomparso. Ne giunge ancora l’eco. / A noi tocca parlare in modo rozzo e aspro”. Si percepisce nei versi il rimpianto di non poter più parlare della natura, del semplice succedersi delle stagioni, per non tradire l’impegno politico richiesto dalla propria terra.
Finché Miłosz non risolve il conflitto con un ultimo, nostalgico gesto. Scriverà nell’ode conclusiva: “molto, molto ci sarà rimproverato. / Perché, pur potendo, rifiutammo la pace del silenzio / […] Invece volevamo smuovere ogni giorno / la polvere dei nomi e degli eventi / con le parole, poco badando al loro / e nostro svanire, scintillando”.
Non può far riposare lo sguardo sul paesaggio americano che lo circonda, anche se la tentazione di “costruirsi per sempre una casa nella Natura” è forte; c’è un luogo a cui tornare sempre, e nel momento in cui gli uomini reinventano continuamente i confini geografici, è la mappatura emotiva a ridefinire l’idea e l’anima stessa di una patria.
Profile Image for Descending Angel.
820 reviews34 followers
May 9, 2022
A long poem divided into different parts, telling the history of Poland and polish poetry in the first half of the 20th century. Considered one of Milosz's greatest works and it is, the language is beautiful.
Profile Image for James.
Author 26 books10 followers
November 20, 2023
An ambitious work that covers a lot of ground. Much about the history and change of Polish poetry in the twentieth century with innumerable references to events that one would be best suited to have some familiarity with Poland during that time to appreciate. I have little yet I can certainly appreciate the grasp of this work.

Half of the book is the extensive notes of the author clarifying and explaining the references he alludes to or notes. The notes are exceedingly helpful but nothing liked having lived in Poland and experienced the author's meaning more first hand.

Nevertheless, the book, one long poem, is filled with beautiful lines and powerful statements.
Profile Image for Frank Ashe.
837 reviews44 followers
December 19, 2019
I don't remember much of this, but, as I glanced through it while cataloguing, I could see it's brilliance.
I've moved it to my must reread pile.

...
And a week later I've re-read it. And moved it from 3 to 4 stars, almost 5.
A poem on poetry - what is the poet's relationship to poetry in the time and place in which the author found himself?
The end notes, much longer than the poem itself, are essential for everybody who doesn't have a good knowledge of Polish poetry of the 20th century.
But that doesn't take away from the beauty of the text itself - great work by the translator.
22 reviews
December 9, 2023
As an American of Polish descent, I am embarrassed to say I have taken such a long time to attempt to learn more about Poland and its history. The combination of history and the interlacing of so many Polish poets was a bit difficult to take in, but this Nobel Prize winner gave me a wonderful history of how much art in the way of various styles and the thought processes of the poets of Poland existed and still exists. I only wish I could read Polish, because reading this poetry in the native language might make my appreciation of their poetry more meaningful because sometimes, as Milosz points out, translations don’t do justice to a poem in the Polish language.
Profile Image for Jenna.
495 reviews9 followers
June 21, 2021
Grapples with some big questions - what is the role and responsibility of art in the face of evil? Is it possible to make political art? Is it ethical not to? The references (and they are dense) are mostly to Poland in the 20th century but the annotation (separate in the back) makes the poem readable. Actually, I read each section, read the notes, and then read it again. Poetry in translation also always hit or miss, and while I cant judge relative to the original, I did like this version.
Profile Image for Maurizio Manco.
Author 7 books132 followers
October 8, 2017
"Servono, ma non durano, i romanzi e i saggi.
Perché ha più peso una strofa tornita
di numerose e laboriose pagine." (p. 12)
Profile Image for Gediminas Kontrimas.
359 reviews34 followers
August 19, 2021
Pirmu prisėdimu perskaityti nepavyko. Labai jau specifiškas, siaurai lenkiškai auditorijai subalansuotas tekstas. Bandysiu dar.
Profile Image for Vanjr.
411 reviews6 followers
May 6, 2025
Great depth of poetry. Will be appreciated to the degree that you understand early 20th century Poland. Milosz has great political and philosophical depth.
Profile Image for Sherry Chandler.
Author 6 books31 followers
May 7, 2016
America for me has the pelt of a raccoon,
Its eyes are a raccoon’s black binoculars.
A chipmunk flickers in a litter of dry bark
Where ivy and vines tangle in the red soil
At the roots of an arcade of tulip trees.
America’s wings are the color of a cardinal,
Its beak is half-open and a mockingbird trills
From a leafy bush in the sweat-bath of the air.
Its line is the wavy body of a water moccasin
Crossing a river with a grass-like motion,
A rattlesnake, a rubble of dots and speckles,
Coiling under the bloom of a yucca plant.


Nothing else need be said.

Except there is more than nature poetry here.
Profile Image for Matt.
521 reviews18 followers
October 4, 2008
A very powerful poem, and very much worth the read. The commentary is fairly good, but occasionally goes too far beyond simply explaining specific references which might be unfamiliar to the reader. It is very helpful when explaining prewar Polish Poets, other times it feels redundant to the poem itself.
Displaying 1 - 16 of 16 reviews

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