This is a miscellany of interesting facts about the Ancient Greeks and Romans, especially Romans. Almost everyone will learn something from it, whether they have studied the Greco-Roman World for years, or are new to it.
'Naked Statues, Fat Gladiators and War Elephants' mainly covers the 1,000 years from the high point of Ancient Athens in the 5th Century BC to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th Century AD. It also sometimes looks further ahead to Justinian and the early Middle Ages, and, more rarely, back to the earlier, less documented Bronze Age and Archaic Greeks. The author Garrett Ryan is a former academic Classicist and we can mostly trust him to get his facts right. [I have included in Square brackets below information from my own knowledge or internet research not in the book itself.]
Whenever I learn about the Roman Empire, I am struck both by how impressive it was, and how unfair it was.
On the 'impressive' side, we learn here e.g. of the Romans' pioneering use of concrete, made partly from volcanic ash.
On the 'unfair' side, we also learn that the Emperor Augustus had a slave crucified (a method of execution so agonising that it was used when merely cutting the victim's head off was thought too merciful) for eating the Emperor's favourite fighting quail.
This book also tells us how the Roman army learned to defeat the armoured war elephants of eastern kingdoms that could devastate the ranks of ancient armies.
Roman anti-elephant tactics included setting light to live pigs, as two things elephants feared were fire and, for some reason, squealing pigs. A panicked elephant attacked anyone, friend or foe, and could cause destruction and disorder in their own sides' army.
We also learn that gladiators were fed a diet designed, not to make them actually fat, which would handicap them in the arena, but plumper than other athletes, with a layer of fat under the skin to help protect their internal organs from serious injury in combat.
Opium (from which the still more powerful morphine, heroin and fentanyl are now made) was known and used as an anaesthetic. However, it was rare and expensive. There is no record of anyone taking it often enough to be addicted, with the possible exception of Emperor Marcus Aurelius. It was said in Roman times that a good surgeon was indifferent to his patients' screams, suggesting that most operations were without anaesthetic.
Tourism, with a trade in souvenirs, developed in Roman times. Visiting the presumed site of Ancient Troy was popular with educated Romans who had read in Virgil's epic poem the Aeneid that their distant ancestors were fugitives from Troy. Souvenirs one could buy there included a pottery cast of one of Helen of Troy's breasts.
Latin, as it became the common language of the Western half of the Empire (in the East, Greek predominated), remained a single language while there was sufficient movement of merchants, soldiers and administrators across the Empire to keep dialects and accents close. [We know from how French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese etc. have all lost the Neuter gender, case inflections and Subject- Object- Verb sentence order of Classical Latin that these must have been common developments in late colloquial Latin across the Empire, before Latin broke up into separate languages.
After the Empire fell, long distance trade declined, the professional army ceased to exist and governors and their staffs no longer went from Rome to rule distant provinces. Consequently, local dialects of Latin could develop independently, eventually into separate languages like French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese etc. [Other local Latin based languages might have developed in North Africa and Britain too, had those areas not been conquered by Arabs or Anglo-Saxons, who brought their own languages.]
At times I would have liked more detail. Thus, the chapter on Roman culinary delicacies concentrates on just one, the Moray Eel. This is mostly presented as a chance to say 'Ugh! They actually ate that!', due to the Moray's natural covering of slimy mucus, viciously aggressive character and extra teeth in its throat.
However, the author gives no sign of having tried to find out what Moray eels taste like and hence why Romans loved eating them. [From internet search, they are still eaten in the Canary Islands. A different species of moray eel is eaten in Japan. In both places, people consider the flesh of Moray eels to have a fine flavour and pay high prices for it, but I have been unable to find a more specific description of what they are like to eat.]
[If I was writing about Roman delicacies, I would have mentioned the premium varieties of Fish Sauce, and the spice we call Asafoetida but the Romans called 'laser' and the Greeks 'silphium'; and Pliny the Elder's throw away line that Romans of his day (1st Century AD) did not eat puppies, 'as our ancestors used to do'.
Roman Fish Sauce, apparently made similarly to the Fish Sauce of modern Thailand and Vietnam, from the run off liquid from barrels packed with fermenting fish, usually anchovies, and salt, was an essential ingredient of Roman cuisine. Gourmet variants with no modern equivalents, included 'garum sociorum' ('fish sauce of their companions') made from fish drowned in fish sauce. There was also a fantastically expensive kind, invented by the gourmet Apicius, made with just from livers of red mullet.]
[The spice Asafoetida, very popular with Greco-Romans, is still used today in Indian cooking. It has a notoriously powerful, unpleasant smell raw, which disappears in cooking. This made it ideal for a slave owning society. The obnoxious task of handling the raw spice was left to kitchen slaves, whose feelings were unimportant, while the master, his family and guests enjoyed the finished dishes. Its cooked flavour is reminiscent of onion, but without the breath or gas that onion or garlic can cause.
Today Asafoetida grows wild in Afghanistan. In ancient times there was another variety, considered superior, that was also said to be a natural contraceptive, that grew wild in Libya, until exploited to extinction.]
There are also chapters on divorce, ghosts, the spread of Christianity, espionage and other topics.
This mostly just gives snippets of information about the Ancient World, not a wider picture, although the author gives a short summary of the course of ancient history at the end of the book.
Overall, 'Naked Statues, Fat Gladiators and War Elephants' is good, but earns 4 stars rather than 5 from me.
I have recently taken to Audiobooks, but so far mainly fiction. This was my first nonfiction Audiobook.
An attraction of Audiobooks for me is that I suffer from chronic fatigue, and am sometimes too tired to sit up and read, but can lie down and listen. While this one was fine, I think in future I shall mostly leave Audiobooks for fiction and poetry, for two reasons.
First, reviews of the printed version say it includes notes as to the author's sources of information, making it possible for readers to check them if they wish, and indicating possible further reading. The Audiobook lacks that.
However, an important disadvantage for me is that where I come across a particularly interesting point in a book, I turn down a corner of the page to mark it and go back later to copy out these points in a notebook for future reference. I cannot do that in an Audiobook.