Ghost Cave tells the story of the Chinese experience in Sarawak, Borneo. Spanning more than a century and a half from the mid-19th century to the present day, the novel takes in violent power struggles with colonial and government forces and the ebb and flow of generational ties within an neatly-arranged plot.
Therese is a budding young Canadian journalist who has traveled to her paternal homeland of Sarawak to meet her grandfather, Liu Ka Min. His exploits as a communist guerrilla fighting the post-colonial government forces in the mid-1960s appear to be the perfect material for her University Master’s degree thesis.
But her grandfather unexpectedly hands Therese a handwritten manuscript entitled The Life and Times of Liu Hon Min, by Mary Ann Warrick, as told to her by Liu Nan San. Liu Hon Min (affectionately known as Ah Min) is Grandpa’s great-grandfather, a mid-19th century Chinese immigrant to Borneo from Guangdong. The document is dated 1920 and comes to us third-hand, told by Ah Min’s son, Liu Nan Sun, to a Chinese-speaking English teacher and writer.
Therese’s reading of her great-great-grandfather’s journal comprises the majority of the Elsie Sze’s new novel.
In 1849, Ah Min and his close friend Loi Tai join their native Hakka-speaking gold miners in the town of Mau San. Lo Tai’s gambling problem apart, things go relatively to plan as the men make their fortune so they can return home rich and successful.
But in 1857 James Brooke—the “White Rajah”, as the local ruler of Sarawak was known—starts to impose taxes, ban wine and opium trading and otherwise restrict Mau San’s erstwhile freedom. The miners’ leader, Lui Shan Bang decides an armed uprising is the only way to restore their economic autonomy and the friends make the fateful decision to join his forces and fight.
The pivotal moment in the novel is the attack by hundreds of armed miners on the main town of Kuching, home of Brooke’s administration. This provokes a brutal response. The Ghost Cave in the title refers to place where the Hakka combatants and their supporters fled during the White Rajah’s reprisals, during which Lo Tai is shot dead. Afraid of being killed if they tried to storm the cave, the colonial forces set fire to the entrance to smoke out the terrified inhabitants, which included women and children. They instead succeeded in killing them all of asphyxiation.
Sze gives this historical event a fictional twist—one person did survive: Ah Min, led to safety by Jinot, the sister of his friend Joto, a “Bidayuh” or indigenous tribesman. Later he marries the “angel” Jinot and she gives birth to their son after they settle in her jungle kampong.
But tragedies unfold as the couple struggle to make a good life in Borneo amidst the aftermath of the armed struggle and the pressures of tribal longhouse living. Ah Min eventually travels back to China twelve years after having arrived, a changed man in many respects.
Interspersed with Therese’s reading of the journal is Grandpa Liu Ka Min’s tale of how he became a Sarawak Communist Organisation guerrilla fighter and, crucially, how he ended up in the ghost cave after seeing his best friend, Bong, killed fleeing the government troops. Starving and injured by a bullet in his thigh, someone appears in a dream and he escapes certain death through a secret exit.
From there, various events and surprising discoveries intertwine both Ah Min and Grandpa’s stories, including a mysterious stranger, gold coins and old portraits. The coincidences and plot twists do not feel contrived and the “history repeating itself” connections between the past and the present are nicely drawn, while all the loose ends skillfully tied up—giving a real sense of hope and redemption despite the tragedies.
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The forgotten manuscript is a familiar literary device and is used to good effect in bringing to life the story of the saintly Ah Min and his feckless friend, Lo Tai.
Along the way, we learn much about the clash of cultures created by the 19th century Chinese diasporas into Southeast Asia (includinginter-Chinese rivalries), the battle for control of the gold trade and many aspects of life in the Borneo jungle.
The author has made good use of her extensive historical research, resulting in numerous evocative passages; for example, the harbor scene as the wide-eyed fortune seekers land in an exotic foreign land, daily life and mealtimes in a Bayak longhouse and the hungry existence of a jungle-based guerrilla warrior.
However, Sze uses dialogue to convey the rather large amount of information, historical and otherwise, she evidently considers necessary background. She rarely lets the words speak for themselves; most dialogue is tagged with a modification to let the reader understand the tone or mood of the speaker, such as “looking on questioningly”.
But Ghost Cave touches on important themes—such as Chinese emigration to the exotic lands they called Nanyang and the fight against colonial control—that illuminate Asian political and cultural history. And lovers of intense, tragic family sagas will also enjoy many aspects of this book.