My knowledge of Singaporean literature is... zero. But in my endeavor to read at least one book from each country, I stumbled upon Balli Kaur Jaswal and her "Sugarbread", something that seemed light and fun enough to try out. But the title is deceiving: the novel is neither light nor fun. Instead, I found a story about family, heartache, racism and traditions.
The novel follows Pin, a ten-year-old Punjabi Sikh girl growing up in Singapore in the 1990s. She is a curious child who wants nothing more than to fit in at her Catholic school, where she is one of the few Sikh students. However, as a bursary student, she becomes increasingly aware of the racial and social differences that isolates her from her classmates. At home, Pin's life is shaped by her loving but strict mother, Jini, and by her affectionate but largely absent father. Their peaceful family life is soon disrupted by the arrival of Jini's mother, who is sick and comes to live with them. Nani-ji is traditional, very religious, and her relationship with her daughter is marked by a sad secret from the past and by Jini's decision to marry outside her cast.
This is a first-person narrative, told from the perspective of Pin. Having a child not only as main character, but also as narrator, always seemed to me an act of courage. Often, adults forget what it's like to be a child and many stories told from the perspective of one are unrealistic. But I found Pin's voice fresh, and her struggles with school, fitting in with the other children, navigating the confusion that lives in her house felt authentic. She has no filter - children generally don't -, and this made her endearing. I found no clichés, instead Jaswal gave us a a genuine portrayal of childhood curiosity and resilience.
One of my favorite aspects of "Sugarbread" is that it centers primarily on women. Pin, Jini and Nani-ji each represent an evolutionary stage in this transgenerational story - the very traditional grandmother, who doesn't like change; the mother who tried to break free, but is still held back by her past and who doesn't want her daughter to grow up like her; and the daughter, who is being raised in a more relaxed environment and doesn't feel tied down by religion or cast. It's not exactly a coming-of-age story, but it explores the complex relationships between different generations of women, who are also immigrants in a predominantly Chinese and Malay society. While men exist in the story, they are mostly peripheral, even Pin's father. They play minor roles, instead the author focuses on women as the ones who shape the family’s fate.
Don't read this book when hungry! Food plays a major role in the story - Jini’s cooking mirrors her emotions and her desire to break away from the rigidity of the traditions she grew up with. Her elaborate meals, that include a wide variety of ingredients from different cuisines, is a symbol of love, but also of her desire to be free from the ties of the past.
As a European who has never travelled to Asia, the portrayal of Singapore was fascinating. It's a multicultural but segregated place, with Chinese, Malay, Indian and other ethnic groups living together. The city felt real to me, with its smells, its colors and the ever-present stirring. It's a detailed sensory description. The city feels alive, from the crowded markets to the sticky heat and the smells of different cuisines mixing in the air. While home feels like a restricted, rule-bound space, especial after the arrival of Nani-ji, Singapore is full of possibilities, but also full of danger.
But Jaswal doesn’t present an overly harmonious picture; instead, she points out the racial and social divisions that exist beneath the surface, not only in the adult society, but also in the group of children who play together outside.
I really enjoyed this story of cultural memory and generational trauma. While the plot is not original, every tale of migration and racism comes with its own nuances. It gave me an insight into the diversity of Singapore and a craving for sweetened parathas.