The book "Recent Advances and Innovations in Science and Technology" is a compilation of cutting-edge research and insightful reviews that reflect the dynamic advancements across various domains of science and technology. In today’s rapidly evolving scientific landscape, the integration of multidisciplinary innovations has become a key driver in addressing global challenges. This publication aims to provide researchers, academicians, and industry professionals with a comprehensive understanding of recent breakthroughs, emerging trends, and novel technologies that are shaping the future. By fostering an exchange of ideas and promoting collaborative research efforts, this book seeks to contribute to the ever-expanding knowledge base in diverse fields such as industrial biotechnology, environmental biotechnology and bioremediation, and healthcare diagnostics. The contributing authors have explored a wide array of topics under the central theme of recent advancements and innovations in science and technology, highlighting both theoretical and practical aspects. The chapters address contemporary challenges and solutions in areas including bioethanol production, microbial bioremediation, heavy metal removal, and transformative healthcare technologies.