An illuminating reflection on the creative process from acclaimed fiction writer, essayist, and translator Lydia Davis
When asked why she writes, Lydia Davis confesses that the question makes her uncomfortable. Maybe she would rather not know. Instead, Davis considers how she writes her stories, how other writers write, and what insights the how might provide into the why.
In this free-ranging exploration, Davis discovers that one reason she writes is for the pleasure of encountering something that demands to be treated in language, of handling and manipulating the language into the form it ought to take, and, finally, of seeing a story exist where it didn’t exist before. As she observes the processes of some of the authors who interest her the most, she finds that there seem to be as many reasons to write as there are to relive an experience, to share an experience, to articulate something one has not quite comprehended.
Reflecting on an eclectic mix of thinkers, including James Baldwin, Kate Briggs, Walter Raleigh, Christina Sharpe, Knut Hamsun, Grace Paley, Josep Pla, John Ashbery, and John Clare, Davis undertakes a clear-eyed, patient inquiry into the manifold reasons we choose to put pen to paper and begin something new.
Lydia Davis, acclaimed fiction writer and translator, is famous in literary circles for her extremely brief and brilliantly inventive short stories. In fall 2003 she received one of 25 MacArthur Foundation “Genius” awards. In granting the award the MacArthur Foundation praised Davis’s work for showing “how language itself can entertain, how all that what one word says, and leaves unsaid, can hold a reader’s interest. . . . Davis grants readers a glimpse of life’s previously invisible details, revealing new sources of philosophical insights and beauty.” In 2013 She was the winner of the Man Booker International prize.
Davis’s recent collection, “Varieties of Disturbance” (May 2007), was featured on the front cover of the “Los Angeles Times Book Review” and garnered a starred review from “Publishers Weekly.” Her “Samuel Johnson Is Indignant” (2001) was praised by “Elle” magazine for its “Highly intelligent, wildly entertaining stories, bound by visionary, philosophical, comic prose—part Gertrude Stein, part Simone Weil, and pure Lydia Davis.”
Davis is also a celebrated translator of French literature into English. The French government named her a Chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters for her fiction and her distinguished translations of works by Maurice Blanchot, Pierre Jean Jouve, Michel Butor and others.
Davis recently published a new translation (the first in more than 80 years) of Marcel Proust’s masterpiece, “Swann’s Way” (2003), the first volume of Proust’s “In Search of Lost Time.” A story of childhood and sexual jealousy set in fin de siecle France, “Swann’s Way” is widely regarded as one of the most important literary works of the 20th century.
The “Sunday Telegraph” (London) called the new translation “A triumph [that] will bring this inexhaustible artwork to new audiences throughout the English-speaking world.” Writing for the “Irish Times,” Frank Wynne said, “What soars in this new version is the simplicity of language and fidelity to the cambers of Proust’s prose… Davis’ translation is magnificent, precise.”
Davis’s previous works include “Almost No Memory” (stories, 1997), “The End of the Story” (novel, 1995), “Break It Down” (stories, 1986), “Story and Other Stories” (1983), and “The Thirteenth Woman” (stories, 1976).
Grace Paley wrote of “Almost No Memory” that Lydia Davis is the kind of writer who “makes you say, ‘Oh, at last!’—brains, language, energy, a playfulness with form, and what appears to be a generous nature.” The collection was chosen as one of the “25 Favorite Books of 1997” by the “Voice Literary Supplement” and one of the “100 Best Books of 1997” by the “Los Angeles Times.”
Davis first received serious critical attention for her collection of stories, “Break It Down,” which was selected as a finalist for the PEN/Hemingway Award. The book’s positive critical reception helped Davis win a prestigious Whiting Writer’s Award in 1988.
She is the daughter of Robert Gorham Davis and Hope Hale Davis. From 1974 to 1978 Davis was married to Paul Auster, with whom she has a son, Daniel Auster. Davis is currently married to painter Alan Cote, with whom she has a son, Theo Cote. She is a professor of creative writing at University at Albany, SUNY. Davis is considered hugely influential by a generation of writers including Jonathan Franzen, David Foster Wallace and Dave Eggers, who once wrote that she "blows the roof off of so many of our assumptions about what constitutes short fiction."
Is that the right way to begin? “Dear Lydia” is too informal; it implies an intimacy that, as strangers, we do not have. “Dear Ms. Davis” is too detached, the start of a curt, courteous reply to a formal complaint, for instance. But “Dear Lydia Davis” is not right, either—it is awkward, no one speaks like that! It is as though the name has been automatically filled in by a program dedicated to delivering emails en masse. (Should en masse be italicized? Is that respectful to the French or merely pretentious?) Avoid the problem by editing the phrase, thus: “a program dedicated to composing mass emails?” Similarly, avoid the problem of your name, and my relationship to it, by using a different greeting altogether. “Hello,” I can begin, but oddly the informality strikes me as more impersonal still, the studied casualness that might begin an interaction with a chatbot. (A digression: of all the writers working today who might find a creative response to the rise of AI chatbots, you would be the one whose response I would most like to read.)
I am reading, have nearly finished reading, your most recent book, “Into the Weeds.” (The question of audience, which you discuss at length therein, occurs to me now—if I am writing this to you, a brief precis (précis? précis?) of the book is unnecessary. But if I am writing for a larger audience, if in fact I doubt you will ever read this, surely some summary is called for?)
On page 79, you use the phrase “comprised of.” I had to set the book down for a minute after reading that. Surely the great Lydia Davis had not committed such an error? Surely the great Lydia Davis knows the form should only ever be “comprises.” Enter Google. (What did people do before Google? They used dictionaries. Shamefully, I admit that no dictionary is close to hand.) Google tells me that some people (the implication is clear: some sniffy pedants) object to “comprised of” since the preposition is redundant. Sniffy pedant I, I assume it to be a modern development, a literary laziness caused by rubbing close shoulders with “composed of.” But no, Google tells me that the “technically nonstandard” usage dates back to the 1700s, and that no less an authority than the Oxford English Dictionary has included it since 1874.
On page 109, you refer to Hemingway’s short story “A Quiet, Well-Lighted Place.” This is seven pages (the book is not long) after you have discussed how you, for many years, mis-remembered the contents, and even the title, of a story by Raymond Carver. (You did not specify how long the mis-remembering went on. Your phrase was “for so long;” “for many years” is my own recasting.) The Hemingway title struck me as awkward; it had an extra syllable. Five lines down the page, you describe the “clean, well-lighted café” in which the action, such as it is, takes place. But of course: the story is called “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place,” not a “Quiet” one! (Again, Google provides this clarification. What would I have done before Google? I would have had to find a copy of Hemingway’s short stories.) Has the great Lydia Davis tripped up again, or is this what is called an “easter egg” for attentive readers?
Most books these days are poorly edited, I feel. I am tempted to say that a more attentive editor would have caught both the technically nonstandard usage of the verb “to comprise” and the titular error of one of Hemingway’s best-known stories. Perhaps they did. This is, after all, a book published by the redoubtable Yale University Press, with offices (the title page informs me) in New Haven and London. Perhaps there was a lively exchange of emails between you and your sniffy pedant of a London editor. Perhaps the emails will be transmogrified into a short, or medium-length, story in your next collection. I will be looking.
Lydia Davis’s latest offering is a departure from her usual “short short” stories in that it is a response to a rather prosaic and hackneyed question that often makes an author at a book reading Q & A session blanch: any question addressing the author’s motive for writing or the writing process. Her contributing lecture to the Why I Write series at Yale University is significantly more entertaining than other transcribed lectures or speeches of a similar sort if only because Lydia Davis’s train of thought is—quite naturally—so beautiful and meandering, yet concise, that there is wisdom on virtually every page. And somehow the amalgam of anecdotes about what she is reading and how her mind works while she is reading results in precise examples, examples which I very naturally relate to, of how she creates and why. The printed lecture comes across as a unified whole, but often reads like an amalgam of Lydia Davis “short short” stories; it can be read in small doses, even though it is short enough to read in a sitting.
A confession: I adore Lydia Davis and would pay to read a copy of her laundry list (Or her epistolary “short short” on Who Give A C*** toilet paper, Stories Our Strangers, pg. 304). I have all her books, including a hard-to-find edition of her first collection of “short shorts.” Since I am prone to reading weighty tomes, often in a foreign tongue, I naturally radiate to a master word crafter in my native language, American English, when my brain is winding down at the end of the day. I love getting lost in the subtle and yet complex simplicity of her paragraph-length short stories. I very lightly star the ones that really affect me with a pencil mark in the table of contents so that I can revisit them with minimal trouble. Then there is her phenomenal translation of Madame Bovary and her exquisite ideas concerning translation in various languages, French and Dutch most prominently. Davis does read German, but—to my knowledge—has yet to translate it for publication; her struggles with German are beautifully illustrated in the closing pages on Into the Weeds and segue perfectly with her other ideas.
Above all else, Lydia Davis reminds me of the need to both read deeply and consider my words carefully when writing. Too many of us, with age, just read one book after another without approaching any one text with intense scrutiny, like one would do in a graduate program. While I enjoy posting reviews on Goodreads to keep my writing sharp, the format often dissuades me from addressing a particular nuance in a text and riffing off it in favor of a more general approach, which I see as a pitfall. I started a Substack, Bartleby the Sailor, largely, to address this very concern and love Into the Weeds precisely because she advocates for this type of approach. A reader’s goal, especially a reader who writes—in my opinion—is not to amass a girth of knowledge from reading prolifically, but to understand the ideas and sentiments being conveyed and gain inspiration from what one is reading to later create a text of one’s own. Reading or—more emphatically—rereading, Davis’s take on the absolute salutatory effects of revisiting works one once read in one’s youth is virtually identical to my own sentiments:
All of us had read it before, but when you reach your sixties and seventies, as we have, a book you can truthfully say you have read may actually have been read by you so long ago that it is as though not read. --Into the Weeds pg. 6.*
As with any compilation of essays, I read most of them both to attain insight into authors I already know well as well as authors I don’t know at all. Into the Weeds spurs my memory of authors I hadn’t read in decades (neither had Davis) like Knut Hamsun inspiring me to maybe pick up Hunger or Pan again, or find the Hamsun book she was mostly referencing in Into the Weeds, On Overgrown Paths, (1949)—a book she was reading as she composed parts of her lecture—where the disgraced author awaits a verdict on his trial for Nazi collaboration. And she encapsulates why the mundane thoughts of a nonagenarian Nazi sympathizer might still result in admiration or inspire her own thoughts and writing.
As with many writers with whom I feel an affinity, Davis’s train of thought often leads me, the reader, to divert and think of something related to what she wrote. Thus, her passages on obscure writers who walk incessantly immediately made me think of Robert Walser, whose book of short prose pieces Prosastücke von Robert Walser (Verlag Rascher, Zürich, 1916**) I happened to be reading at the same time as Into the Weeds; when I am at my most efficient, I juggle three books. Thus, I was very gratified that Davis mentions Walser some pages later as her meandering thoughts loop back to him.
Into the Weeds is a delightful digression into the mind of one of America’s finest living authors and translators. Treat any book she publishes as a gem.
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*As I transcribe Lydia Davis, my MS grammar check lights up with suggestions. Of course, Davis knows better than MS grammar check. There is a method to her syntax, which is the reason she is the Queen of the Short Paragraph-length story.
**My copy of this book is the one owned by Walser’s first English translator, Christopher Middleton. It had struck me while reading it how similar the meandering styles of Davis’s lecture and Walser’s prose pieces are. I felt that her mentioning Walser was a fortuitous omen that there is meaning in the universe.
"i encountered the ashbery interview when i was beginning to struggle to answer the question of why i write. here is a very concise and truthful answer: the reason i write a particular story may be because something -- which i call 'material,' as in 'raw material' -- bothers me until i 'do something' about it. in these cases, 'bother' is wholly positive. the beauty of the black cows across the road, the geometry of the positions they adopted, bothered me in that way, and the shadow of a grain of salt on a counter bothered me one late afternoon" -- this is like that quote from crocosmia about the small things they noticed together, the little things that lodge in. also i agree with the bothering thing, especially when i am being bothered with delight
"some of that prose remains opaque to me, probably because its logic is so interior to smart. the connections from one sentence to the next, and sometimes even the meaning of an individual sentence, may not be clear. i can keep rereading and trying to puzzle the sentences out, or i can just read for their surface value without trying to understand. in some passages, the book's strange prose, ever shifting in its diction and tone, is dense with impossible or elusive metaphors" --love the honesty and precision of her description of reading here, i want to try to do this more, narrativizing/describing what it is like to read. i also think i feel this way a lot when i read clarice lispector....i love this idea of the internal logic of a book (this is about elizabeth smart's novel by grand central station i sat down and wept, which i now want to read)
"one way to make a good ending, i think, as i read this one, is to imply, or declare, that the story continues without us after we have left it"
- i like lydia davis' idea of reading endings you like and figuring out why they work. usually i just let the mystery wash over me but i want to try this exercise
-"this 'getting rid of' is the outcome of what begins as 'something bothering you' that you have to 'do something about.' the thing occurs to you; the thing bothers you (pleasurably, though a little anxiously); you find a form for it that fits it perfectly -- or rather, the material itself evolves into the form that suits you" -- THE MATERIAL ITSELF EVOLVES INTO THE FORM THAT SUITS YOU. awesome. content becoming form. dreamy
- i wish i had marked more quotes about the pleasurably awkward word combinations that lydia davis loves...here's one: "the repetition of 'as you came' strikes me as being pelasingly awkward, in the same way as the title 'peter and mother' -- its awkwardness and pleasingness being the reason i think of it so often. you shouldn't do that, but you can absolutely do that!"
- this book as a whole reminded me of amina cain's a horse at night which now i want to revisit also. i need a practice for revisiting books i think...bc otherwise i dont rlly do it
For Lydia Davis, writing can be a response to something external—an experience, a work of art, etc.—feeling bothered by it and struck by the urge to do something about it. But how does writing actually happen?
Instead of directly responding to the question of ‘why I write’, she ventures on to describe her perceptions about how other writers wrote, or her speculations on why they wrote—for example, Sturt’s The Wheelwright’s Shop, an exhaustive and sometimes tedious description of wagon-making, or Hamsun’s On Overgrown Paths, his personal, chronological account of his walks in custody among his last years.
When it comes to herself, she notes down her cat’s changing pattern in her room, or eighty-something observations of cows outside her window over the course of three years, things that at first glance don’t matter for general readers, things that she herself wasn’t sure of the reason why she’d put them down. And perhaps this is the ethos of this book, echoing her quote of John Ashbery, ‘[writers] don’t know why they do what they do.’—They simply do, like Davis with cat and cow, Hamsun cane and galoshes, or Sturt different type of woods.
Kate Briggs in This Little Art summarized from Susan Sontag (on her comment on Barthes) the ‘two types of reader based on two types of pleasure in reading’, the first simply read for the immersive experience and ultimate satisfaction a book could offer, while the second read with the company of a lack, ‘tormented by the desire to do the same’. And it is the position of the latter Lydia Davis would find herself in: bothered and unsettled, started to inadvertently mirror what she’s been reading while adressing things surrounding herself.
To read Lydia Davis is perhaps one of the most majestic pleasures of being alive. I highly, thoroughly, and unconditionally recommend the experience. I bought her large, orange book of collected stories in college but let it languish on a shelf until my senior year, whereupon I had some epiphany and opened my heart up to the world of short stories. I'm not sure how these things happen. How and why does one open their heart to a thing, a person, a set of circumstances, perhaps overnight? Changes of heart, for better or worse, are what make the happenings of the world go. Randomness is ruled by the heart. But the heart, perhaps, is ruled by what we choose to surround ourselves with? And so we vexingly live our lives in a braided chain of randomness and choice, until we die. If I died tomorrow, I would probably feel (if there is feeling after death) regret over many things, but one thing I would feel absolutely assured and confident in is having surrounded myself with reading the books of strangers...which are essentially just strangers' minds at work on the page...because they felt like they needed to do something about a particular thing...which is just another way of saying they possibly had a change of heart...
Kind of a tour de force, if you will. Though I'm not sure the author intended it as such. This was my first exposure to Lydia Davis, and I would like to read more. In the early part of the book she references an author who wrote about making a wagon. It occurs to me that this book bears some resemblance to making a wagon. Good stuff.
Lydia Davis goes into the weeds about her writing process - anecdotes about various inspirations and methods for writing. This is a long form essay really - 139 pages on A5 size book. She translated Madame Bovary recently to English so there are comments on that. Also references Knut Hamsun's Hunger which she was reading when she wrote this.
THIS QUOTE IN PARTICULAR REALLY RESONATED WITH ME: "There is something out of proportion, or different in kind, about writing, something that does not relate or connect very well to the activities of the rest of one's day. Writing is often hard to go to -- but then just as hard to come away from."
Verschenen in de reeks ‘Why I write’ is dit een heel leuk en mooi uitgegeven boekje van Lydia Davis. Niet dat je als lezer een duidelijk antwoord krijgt op die vraag, maar al haar exploraties en uitweidingen rond dit thema zijn meer dan het lezen waard.