This is a detailed and breezy biography of Sophie Scholl, the youngest member of the White Rose (and the only woman). Sophie and her brother, Hans, were caught distributing anti-Nazi and anti-Hitler and anti-war flyers in February 1943 and they were tried and executed for treason and defeatism wtihin days. Sophie was 21.
For many people, Sophie is the face of the White Rose. She looked even younger than her 21 years, and she was very pretty and to look at a photo of her, with her earnest and usually serious expression, her girlish (or, at an earlier age, even boyish) haircuts and think of her being executed is to confront a visual representation of the brutality and heartlessness of the Nazi regime. But Sophie was, of all the six people who were executed in Munich in connection with the flyers they distributed from the Summer 1942 to February 1943, the least involved.
With tremendous empathy and liberal use of rhetorical questions, Gottschalk shares as much as it is possible to know about Scholl in her short life, from her childhood in a typical bourgeois household to her enthusiastic membership (and leadership position) in the Hitler Youth network of organizations, to her disillusionment with the regime and ultimate opposition to it. Some of the documentation that Gottschalk was not available to earlier authors, including all that remains of the correspondence between Scholl and her long-time boyfriend, Fritz Hartnagel (who comes across as a thoroughly decent person).
Gottschalk does an admirable job of being honest and transparent about what is knowable and what can only be guessed at. This transparency about sources and their limitations was my favorite part of the book. Gottschalk also poses the questions she thinks emerge obviously from the material, even if she cannot answer them. I liked that too.
I would give this 3.5 stars, I suppose -- mostly because Gottschalk says far too little about the other members of the White Rose (even if this is a biography about Sophie, they deserve more time) and is not able to achieve the critical distance necessary to be honest about the limitations of their criticism of Nazi antisemitism.
That said, this is ultimately a story about a girl, born in 1921, who could easily have survived the Nazi period and the war, and who chose to risk her life because she couldn't stand idly by and watch the injustice around her. And certainly there is an argument that such a person deserves to be treated with less "critical distance" that the rest of us.