I finished Detransition, Baby a week ago, but I'm still uncomfortable about it. Sure, I was disappointed that I didn't enjoy this much-hyped book. But, more importantly, I was unsettled by how aggressively white it is, how the issue of race and racism in the novel is skirted and toyed with, but ultimately left me feeling a little worse each time. While some would argue that the tone-deaf racial politics of the novel is the point of the story, I want to articulate why this bothers me.
Detransition, Baby follows Ames, a man who has detransitioned after years of identifying as a trans woman, and the two women, Reese and Katrina, who each find themselves joined with him in the wake an unexpected pregnancy. As Ames wrangles Reese and Katrina into co-parenting his child, so begins my discomfort.
“Do you realize how often I’ve been that? A vessel for someone else’s dreams? Sure, just let the Asian lady carry our baby! You’ll be like all the other nice white couples with your adopted Asian baby.” The accusation takes Reese’s breath away. The unfairness of it. First of all, let’s be honest: Katrina looks white. Second, are they playing Oppression Olympics?
There's this weird pattern in Detransition, Baby: white characters voice racist ideas or commit racist actions and Katrina, the only major BIPOC character in the novel, is the conduit through which these comments are shrugged off, condoned, or basically just given the pass to float along in the ether, unchecked, un-criticized, and apparently unworthy of any real consequence. The specter of Whiteness hovers of this novel from start to finish, beginning with Reese's fetishization of contracting HIV/AIDS, to Iris' desire to "become a Lana Del Rey song personified" and for a man "to love [her] so much he murders [her]", to varying assertions that "Every woman adores a Fascist", and that being beaten by a partner would affirm Reese's womanhood by asserting "her delicacy, her helplessness, her infuriating attractiveness." Peters' novel radiates Whiteness like a toxic waste plant, suggesting that the most enviable womanhood isn't just cis womanhood- but exclusively white cis womanhood. Peters' engagement with gender is constantly presented in the form of an unorthodox and digressive womanhood that desires male violence. But the "taboo" of gender violence necessitates the concept of a form of womanhood that is considered sacred, delicate, and too fragile for anyone to dare raise a hand at a woman. When white men beat white women, the transgression comes from white supremacy's assertion that white women are valuable vessels- White Femininity is an exclusively white supremacist concept affored exclusively to cis women who can offer viable white babies. Reese regurgitates this desire- her strict and cisnormative ideal of a traditional family and having 'real children' through cis pregnancy, coupled with the desire to be "loved so much he murders me," is something only white women get to play with, romanticize and fetishize. For black, brown, and indigenous women, gendered violence isn't a validation of womanhood: its the unrelenting destruction of your whole personhood. Violence is only a shocking transgression against the delicacy and desirability of womanhood when you're a white woman- when you're a BIPOC woman, your death and destruction is seldom cared about, seldom met with justice or dismay or public attention. It isn't revolutionary. It's heartbreakingly banal. In light of stories like those of Breonna Taylor or the knowledge that murder is the 3rd leading cause of death for Indigenous Women, Detransition, Baby's cast of trans women who seek assimilation into cis womanhood via gendered violence left a bad taste in my mouth.
I'm aware that Peters' characters aren't supposed to be "good" queers: they aren't palatable and noble trans people who are the paradigm of social ethics and neither are the cis characters who surround them. In fact, Katrina is openly transphobic throughout the novel and even goes as far as to out Ames and nearly destroy his livelihood. But it bothers me that these racial blindspots- wether intentional or not- aren't checked more thoroughly, that this novel is in essence a novel about whiteness, for white people, and to white people.
We learn, for example, that Ames and Reese both envy black and brown trans women for the "motherhood" they receive from trans, BIPOC elders, arguing that white trans girls are uniquely cursed with being orphaned:
Katrina laughs. “Wait, I ignored your self-pity about how it sucked to be a woman, but now you’re saying you feel sorry for yourself ’cause you were a white girl?”
Ames replies defensively, acknowledging that he navigates his relationship and concept of Katrina as if she were a white woman. But Katrina's response doesn't go quite far enough and Ames denies victimizing himself for his whiteness, but still holds that his jealousy is valid and the novel just carries on. Ames, for his part, offers no sympathy when he learns that Katrina was dehumanized by her ex-husband, who secretly hoarded asian fetish films throughout their marriage: I dunno,” Ames said. “If I were an Asian woman, and my husband had a collection of Asian porn, maybe I’d be flattered. At least it means he’s attracted to me. Over and over again, Katrina is subjected to these constant berates and, while she often replies or offers a soft rebuttal, these comments are dealt with nonchalantly, as if they're just making comments about something as inoffensive as the weather.
Over and over again, character A says something racist to Katrina, Katrina (the token BIPOC) responds: "that's not very woke!" and then the characters move on with no consequence. So the cycle goes. It persists till the very end, when Reese accuses Katrina's emerging concept of her own queerness and "this whole sharing-a-baby enterprise" as "nothing but an elaborate exercise in the gentrification of queerness". As always, Katrina takes lite issue with it. It's insensitive. The only BIPOC character is being accused of gentrification by a white person? Oh no! Then everyone all but yawns and moves on. If a white person said that shit to me, that'd be the last words they'd ever say to me. If a white person decided that my womb was fertile ground for their ex's Nuclear Family fantasies, that'd be the last thing they'd ever do. But Katrina? She just takes it and takes it and takes it and the world carries on as it should.
I just found this novel really harrowing and disappointing in its laziness with race. Yes, Ames and Reese acknowledge that black trans women have it harder- but they say it almost through their teeth, as if everyone hasn't already tokenized Marsha P Johnson, as if it isn't already the Trendy Woke thing to say "Protect Black Trans Women" even if it's all empty talk. Sure, they aren't meant to be role models, but I wanted more pushback, more condemnation of their flaws, something or some character to serve as a foil to suggest: there is something deeply, deeply wrong with how these white trans people engage with race and they have no excuse not to do better.
I can't find myself applauding this novel. I don't find it daring to talk about womanhood validated through violence, I don't find it daring to talk about the fragility of femininity that is only afforded to Lana Del Rey's and Marilyn Monroe's and thin, pretty white girls with bad boy boyfriends who want to strangle them. I'm not interested in the "hard earned" womanhood of white women- trans or not. I'm really fuckin' skeeved out by a novel that centers around two white people using an asian woman's viable womb as the backdrop for their turbulent and dysfunctional relationship. This novel doesn't go far enough to recant these issues- it acknowledges them, but acknowledging that your characters have a racism problem and then proceeding to do nothing about this in your narrative is insanely disappointing. It's wildly tone-deaf that Peters writes Katrina as having an issue with being seen as a "walking uterus" and then hinges the entire novel on just that- whether or not she'll carry the pregnancy to term or betray Ames and Reese both by having an abortion.
Its difficult, as a latina, to read a book about white women who yearn to be abused, dominated, infected with HIV, or literally murdered by their lovers as an entry point into femininity - the destruction of women of color isn’t forbidden erotica, it’s largely our assured destruction. I think instead of what Mitski said once about herself as, like Katrina, a mixed race Asian woman: "I used to rebel by destroying myself, but realized that's awfully convenient to the world. For some of us, our best revolt is self-preservation."
I was sorely disappointed with Detransition, Baby. But I don't deny we need more novels about trans people, especially written by trans authors and some small part of me wonders why this novel is it, wether or not other cis readers have perked their ears at this book in the midst of the wave of anti-trans legislation and US policies that hinge their bigotry around bad-faith arguments about detransitioning. I want more trans stories- but I want trans stories written by my Latine sisters, written by those who see themselves in Janet Mock, Laverne Cox, and Angela Ross more than they do Sarah Jessica Parker. I want trans novels written by and for BIPOC women and, when they come, I hope we give them just as much energy and praise we've given Torrey Peters.