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美國百年外交大敗局: 從一戰到俄羅斯侵略烏克蘭,美國外交政策為何總是事與願違?
余杰
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回望美國百年外交史,查考重大決策錯誤的根源
仔細看,到底是誰在禍國殃民?
俄烏戰爭、以巴衝突、臺海危機至今未歇
即使美國不再獨霸,但它是否迷途知返,仍與我們息息相關
二十世紀上半葉,美國參與一戰和二戰,取代英國,從北美的區域性大國躍升為全球第一強權。二十世紀末,蘇聯解體,美國從冷戰中勝出,成為全球唯一超級大國,政治學者法蘭西斯.福山(Francis Fukuyama)視之為「歷史的終結」與美式自由民主的大獲全勝。
但這個結論大錯特錯!回顧美國百年以來的外交政策與對外戰爭,其實美國一直難以擺脫「雖勝猶敗」的陰影:
◎一戰並未帶來「終結所有戰爭的和平」,法西斯主義迅速興起。
◎二戰並未帶來《大西洋憲章》宣示的全球民主自由,共產主義擴展至半個世界。
◎沒有取得韓戰完勝,韓半島回到南北分治原點,北韓至今仍是人間地獄。
◎捲入越戰遭遇重挫,留下難以癒合的內傷與分裂。
◎冷戰之後,歡慶之聲剛落,即發生九一一恐怖襲擊,隨之而來的阿富汗戰爭、伊拉克戰爭與「阿拉伯之春」運動,未能消弭伊斯蘭極端勢力,反而讓中東和北非亂象愈演愈烈。
◎後冷戰時代,「老歐洲」諸國與美國失去共同信念,歐盟走向中央集權的「利維坦」模式,北約搖搖&#
316 pages, Kindle Edition
Published March 12, 2025
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余杰
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