From an award-winning historian comes a fresh analysis of the rise of Nazi extremism, how such thinking gained popularity, and why it is vital to fight burgeoning extremist movements today
How could the SS have committed the crimes they did? How were the killers who shot Jews at close quarters able to perpetrate this horror? Why did commandants of concentration and death camps willingly—often enthusiastically—oversee mass murder? How could ordinary Germans have tolerated the removal of the Jews?
In The Nazi Mind, bestselling historian Laurence Rees seeks answers to some of the most perplexing questions surrounding the Second World War and the Holocaust. Ultimately, he delves into the darkness to explain how and why these people were capable of committing the worst crime in the history of the world.
From the fringe politics of the 1920s, to the electoral triumph and mass mobilization of the 1930s, through to the Holocaust and the regime’s eventual demise, Rees charts the rise and fall of Nazi mentalities—including the conditions that allowed such a violent ideology to flourish and the sophisticated propaganda effort that sustained it.
Using previously unpublished testimony from former Nazis and those who grew up in the Nazi system and in-depth insights based on the latest research of psychologists, The Nazi Mind brings fresh understanding to one of the most appalling regimes in history.
In addition to writing, Rees has also produced films about World War II for the BBC.
In New York in January 2009, Laurence was presented with the ‘Lifetime Achievement Award’ by ‘History Makers’, the worldwide congress of History and Current Affairs programme makers
In 2011 he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate (DUniv) by The Open University(UK).
Laurence Rees’s The Nazi Mind is an unflinching exploration of one of history’s darkest chapters, offering twelve critical warnings rooted in the psychology and politics that enabled the Nazi regime’s atrocities. For anyone invested in understanding the questions that haunt us about the Holocaust and Nazi violence, this book provides a detailed historical and psychological roadmap. While heavy and, at times, academic in tone, it is a timely reminder of the dangers of unchecked power, groupthink, and “othering.”
Rees tackles complex and chilling questions head-on, such as, "How could the SS commit their crimes?" and "What allowed ordinary Germans to tolerate the atrocities against Jews?" His answers are grounded in historical research and psychological insights. Rees effectively uses testimonies from former Nazis and those shaped by the Nazi system to show how propaganda, obedience, and ideology combined to normalize the unthinkable. The exploration is unsettling, particularly the psychological phenomenon of "killing at a distance," where perpetrators were intentionally distanced from their victims for their own mental preservation.
Rees also sheds light on the commandants of concentration camps, who often displayed not only horrifying efficiency but also enthusiasm in overseeing mass murder only to deny them later. Through this, the reader is led to understand how fanatical loyalty to an “idealized leader” and pervasive fear within the system safeguarded such compliance.
One of the book’s key strengths is its framing of the Nazi regime’s rise and reign through “twelve warnings.” These include an escalation of racism, the exploitation of fear, and the manipulation of institutions to erode human rights. Read the book to learn them all.
While the history and politics of The Nazi Mind are deeply compelling, the writing can feel dry at times, reading more like an academic text. The psychological concepts are accessible but don’t significantly break new ground for those familiar with the subject.
However, for those relatively new to the history of the Third Reich or seeking a deeper grasp of not just what happened, but why, this book is incredibly valuable. Its structure, focusing less on chronological events and more on thematic warnings, helps to contextualize the factors that led to one of humanity’s greatest horrors.
To me, reading about the horrors of the Holocaust is never easy, but as the saying goes, studying history is crucial to avoiding its repetition. The atrocities committed under the Nazi regime remain unparalleled in their scale and cruelty, and books like The Nazi Mind remind us that these events didn’t arise in a vacuum. They were the result of human decisions, manipulations, and beliefs. Revisiting these painful truths is vital for remaining vigilant against similar patterns today.
The Nazi Mind is a thought-provoking combination of history and psychology that will likely stand as a critical resource for anyone questioning how and why such devastation could occur. While it may feel dense and dry, its themes and insights are undeniably relevant and alarming. If you’re interested in the history and politics of World War II, this book will deepen your understanding of how ordinary people can become complicit in extraordinary evil.
We must confront this history—even when it’s uncomfortable—to ensure we don't repeat the same catastrophic mistakes.
Thank you to Netgalley and PublicAffairs for the Advanced Readers Copy of the book. All opinions are my own because I have freedom of speech. Nazi’s would try to control this.
I began "The Nazi Mind" expecting a tight focus on individual perpetrators, but although several of the principal architects of the Holocaust get significant attention, Rees is painting with a broader brush. This isn't necessarily a criticism in itself: I found it illuminating to hear from a wide array of voices, and especially to read what some less well known villains, such as camp guards and SS officers, had to say after the war about their own actions and the Nazi project in general. (Suffice it to say that there was a lot of self-justification and sanewashing.)
But the narrative overall follows the rise of the Nazi movement, the political takeover, and the development of the Final Solution. This is obviously all essential background, but Rees doesn't, in my opinion, do enough to -- and I'm using this word deliberately, please bear with me -- humanize the larger history. That is: When I consider MAGA supporters, the authors and exponents of Project 2025, and individuals like Stephen Miller, incomprehension settles over me. I don't know whether it's of practical use (in defeating them) to understand such people's inner worlds, but I'm desperate to understand them anyway. They have obvious affinities with Nazis, some of them are overtly Nazi, and I hoped that Rees's book would supply some deep insights into, well, what goes on in these people's heads. What it does, instead, is more or less recapitulate the history of Germany between about 1920 and 1945. That's all familiar territory, including the economic distress and the drumbeat of antisemitism, as well as the greed, the hunger for power, and, for many, the golden opportunity to inflict suffering.
Where Rees seems to want to supply original insight is in linking cognitive errors (confirmation bias, the sunk cost fallacy, etc.) and neurobiology (the potency of fear; the age at which human brains more or less mature) with the Nazis' success. Here, I'm sorry to say, he really falls down. Not that he's wrong in anything he says, not that he chose his expert interlocutors poorly, but that these passages don't seem to reflect intimacy with the underlying science. The insights are about as deep as a Psychology Today article, and Rees is constantly citing single studies as though they were definitive -- which anyone who reads around in books of popular science, or in well-done science journalism, will know is a rookie mistake.
I have one other criticism, to do with the fact that Rees several times describes the Holocaust as the worst atrocity in human history. In a footnote, he refers to another book of his where he defends this proposition -- the citation is to three pages, which strikes me as insufficient for such a monumental claim, but he doesn't make the case here. I genuinely detest this idea that monstrosities can or should be ranked, as if human cruelty and suffering were aspects of some contest. And I cannot imagine what metric would be suitable anyway. Would it be number of murders as a percentage of the target population? Would long-term extreme physical and emotional suffering inflicted raise a given atrocity's ranking against some other atrocity in which the killing was done speedily, even if the former involved fewer victims? How would you compare the genocide of First Nations peoples against the Holocaust, considering that the settlers were at a kind of disadvantage in wickedness owing to the fact that their weapons weren't as good as the Nazis', and their victims were more widely dispersed in a larger territory, plus there were fewer individuals to be killed in the first place? What a moral nonsense this is.
After all that, I should say that Rees's "twelve lessons" are good ones, even if they're not especially original; so I can recommend this book as a primer on the rise of the Nazis and on Nazi thinking, though there wasn't much in it that was new to me. And it left me with one bitter laugh: Rees's last sentence is "The Nazis were defeated." Yes, but they were also victorious: What was once European Jewry is no more.
3.75 stars, rounded up, and thanks to Public Affairs and NetGalley for the ARC.
I’ve always struggled with the historical dilemma — how did an entire nation of people allow the atrocities of the Holocaust to happen? I get people will go to extraordinary lengths during desperate times, but this far and by this many people? Rees does an excellent job of placing the reader in postwar Germany and allowing us inside the minds of who it affected most. Not only is The Nazi Mind a history lesson connecting the missing dots, but it’s also a psychological study of what it takes to control a whole society. Rees breaks down the twelve warnings (steps) and it’s impossible not to see the correlation with today’s fractured society. Megalomaniacal tyrants abound and it’s easy to see that we’re only a few missing steps away from a totalitarian society. I’ve seen other reviews complain that The Nazi Mind reads like a textbook. Yes, and no. First, it reads like a scholar who’s studied this topic for many years wrote it. But, it’s not a hard, dry read like others have implied. Rees breathes a realistic breath into a tough subject to cover. I appreciate his approach and recommend others that are interested in doing a deeper dive into the subject to pick it up and give it a go.
3,5 stars; obviously inspired by Timothy Snyder's On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century, Rees contributes his two cents on the seductive trappings of totalitarianism; he partly succeeds; the title is somewhat disingenuous; no exploration or insights into "the Nazi mind" are produced; what you get is collection of well-trodden historical vignettes showcasing the ghastly actions of the Nazi regime.
This was a very lengthy book, with an extensive detail and research. It read like a history textbook for a college class, so the tone was quite dry. For research purposes, this book would be an excellent tool. Due to the subject matter, there are very graphic, disturbing passages.
The parts that stood out to me: The sections on Holocaust denial, and very chilling reports on how many Nazis “excused” their war time actions.
I was initially a bit disappointed in this as I felt it didn't do what it said on the tin. I've read a lot about Nazi Germany and felt this was another historical account paying lip service to the 'psychology angle'. However, I felt it began to get in uts stride about a third of the way in and by the end is really interesting. Most disturbing is simply substituting the words Nazi Germany for Trump's America actually works. And as the author finally concludes - the Nazis lost.
I don't think this book lives up to its title. Laurence Rees covers many of the same well worn talking points we've seen so many times already.
The writing seemed quite detached. I thought I might learn about the psychology of Fascism or how the past is relevant to the politics of today. This didn't do anything for me.
Rees is a good historian, but this book tries to be two things and succeeds at neither.
For a reader of history, it is a fairly standard introductory book that offers little new about the rise and fall of the Third Reich.
As a psychological attempt to explain the Nazi mentality, it is ridiculously superficial, almost embarrassingly so. Between chapters of conventional historical narrative, Rees inserts short passages about psychological research and conversations with experts. These sections feel banal at this point and barely scratch the surface of what a serious psychological explanation of Nazi mentality would require.
If this book were written for children or for a new generation to learn about WW2, then there’s a value to it. Otherwise, it’s a miss.
Abbandonato. Nonostante l'argomento sia interessante, la scrittura di Rees mi ha fatto pensare piu' ad un testo per un documentario, praticamente un "voice-over". Praticamente un collage di testi di altri eminenti storici (c'erano note a piu' non posso) e qualche inedito, ma sinceramente non fa per me: ho letto di molto meglio.
Obviously disturbing, but depressingly important for the times we're living in now. I found the organisation of the book into the 12 different topics, or "warnings", to be informative and effective, even if there were quite a few sections that were only tangentially connected to the relevant topic. Overall, though, an excellent way of looking at the methods used by the Nazis to take over a democratic society, and the lessons we can draw from this. It's scary to see how these same methods are being used in the USA today under Trump and MAGA. We can only hope that the people who need to hear these warnings will read this book, but somehow I doubt that very many MAGAts will do so. Maybe, though, books like this will help some of the craven, opportunistic, self-serving politicians snap out of it and see sense before more irreparable damage is done.
World War 2 is a topic that has interested me since I first read 'The Diary Of Anne Frank' for the first time back in eighth grade. Over the years I've read a good amount of books about the topic and I was excited to be approved for this. I enjoyed this. I like how the author talks about more than just Hitler and instead talks about the Nazi party as a whole.This is an interesting read and I think that anyone interested in World War 2 would enjoy this. Special Thank You to Laurence Rees, Public Affairs and NetGalley for allowing me to read a complimentary copy in exchange for an honest review.
I guess you can never read too many books about WWII. It’s a really good book with good warnings, but the examples in the last chapter are brutal. A poignant reminder from history with warnings for the future. Also- this is one of the better books I’ve read about the Holocaust. Highly recommend. 4.4 stars
I think it is the longest audiobook I've ever listened. The book gives great perspective on the whole history of Nazi movement starting from the Germany loss in WWI. The book is highly educational, and I loved the author's style. The narrator is also great, it was easy to focus on the information.
This book is important for any person living today. Strategies that nazi used almost a century ago are still widely used by people/groups of people who want to manipulate and warp public's opinion. Almost everything nazi "invented" is used in russian psyops today.
As with his previous books, historian Laurence Rees explains the events and atrocities of World War 2 (and particularly the Holocaust) in a level of detail & language that is accessible for laypersons, but without condescension or oversimplification. He explains the complex political machinations at work, underpinned by some basic psychological theory (again, written for non-experts in psychology) which serves as an extremely useful lens for better understanding Nazi Germany.
I found the psychological theory very interesting, though would have appreciated more of it to better differentiate this book from Rees’ others. This is still just as engaging a book as Rees’ previous works, and the separation of chapters into different psychologically-rooted strategies employed by the German Nazi party (rather than just by events) was very insightful. Rees does not need to directly discuss present-day politics to nonetheless effectively draw out the similarities, using his list of Twelve Warnings to stay vigilant against.
This is obviously a book that deals with very heavy & distressing content, and Rees at no point downplays the visceral horror that the Nazis (and others) perpetrated. So please keep in mind the expected sensitive topics - including genocide & murder (including children), fascism, war crimes, concentration camps, rape & GBV, torture, starvation, racism, antisemitism, ableism, homophobia, manipulation, suicide, and so many others - which are described in detail, before reading this book.
Thank you to NetGalley/Hachette for the advanced copy of the audiobook.
This book was a really informative refresher to how the Nazis persuaded civilians with little effort to commit crime against humanity. Listening to this book in 2025 forced to me to think even more critically than I would have in previous years and make comparisons to current events. Certain chapters, especially the early ones, were really dense and not very provocative. Then, there were sections that were fascinating, relevant, and downright terrifying. I actually listened to a couple of chapters several times. I particularly appreciated the psychological analysis of Nazis and Nazi collaborators. As someone from a history undergrad background, I really appreciated the analysis of German women’s participation in atrocities. This is not something that is explored enough in history classes and there’s so much to unpack as to why this and how this happens.
Must read. Although a very small portion of the book, it's refreshing to read an analysis of the Holocaust which is not just focused on the Germans but also on the Poles, Hungarians, Romanians, Lithuanians and Ukrainians who had a big part to play in death squads, pogroms and systematic acts of violence. 10/10
Laurence Reesin "Natsin mieli: 12 varoitusta historiasta" (Tammi, 2025) tarttui mukaan kirjakaupasta vähän niin kuin heräteostoksena, eikä se hassummaksi lukemistoksi osoittautunutkaan. Vuosien varrella olen lukenut oman osani Hitleriä ja kansallissosialistista liikettä käsittelevää kirjallisuutta, mutta harvakseltaan mitään sellaista, jossa historian synkeitä tapahtumia peilataan psykologian kautta.
Lukion oppitunneilta tutut Stanley Milgramin tottelevaisuuskoe ja Stanfordin vankilakoe mainitaan, mutta myös paljon uudempaa tutkimusta on päässyt kirjan kansien väliin. Muun muassa suomalaisen professori Essi Vidingin tutkimuksiin viitataan useampaan otteeseen.
Laurence Rees toteaa kirjassa, etteivät natsien valtaannousuun oleellisesti liittyneet viha, salaliittoteorioiden viljely, rasismi, väkivaltainen nationalismi ja muu sellainen ole kadonneet minnekään, vaan elävät edelleen voimakkaana keskuudessamme. Joskus uutisia lukiessa tuleekin mieleen, emmekö ole oppineet historiasta mitään, kun äärioikeisto nostaa päätään eri puolilla maailmaa. Ehkä emme - tai sitten innokkaimpia oppijoita ovat olleet nykyiset diktaattorit ja kaikenkarvaiset populistit, koska ainakin tätä Joseph Göbbelsin pelikirjasta löytyvää kaavaa käytetään edelleen:
Ihmiset ovat primitiivisempiä kuin kuvittelemmekaan. Sen vuoksi propagandan ydin on jatkuva yksinkertaisuus ja toisto. Vain ne, jotka kykenevät tiivistämään asiat hyvin yksinkertaisiksi hokemiksi ja joilla on rohkeutta toistaa niitä loputtomiin tässä yksinkertaistetussa muodossaan älykköjen vastustuksesta huolimattakin, savuttavan perustavanlaatuista menestystä yleiseen mielipiteeseen vaikuttamisen saralla. (s. 317)
Kaiken kaikkiaan kiinnostava ja tutustumisen arvoinen tietokirja!
Kiinnostava mutta myös (ei niin yllättäen) kauhea, aina kuuntelu ei ollut kovinkaan rattoisaa. En oo ihan varma miks valitsin tällasen kesäkuunneltavaksi... Mutta hyvä koonti natsiliikkeen historiasta psykologisella otteella. Syvensi kaikkea sitä mitä jo tiesi ennestään ja toi uusia yksityiskohtia mukaan matkan varrelle.
Thank you to Laurence Rees, Hachette Audio, and NetGalley for a free audiobook in exchange for my honest review.
The Nazi Mind takes a fascinating deep dive into the psychology behind the who’s, what’s and how’s of the atrocities that took place leading up to and during WWII.
I thought the narrator did a great job. I also loved that this was a perspective you don’t normally get — Still factual, but from the perception of the mind, rather than opinion or cold hard facts.
I’d highly recommend this book to anyone interested in WWII and wants to learn more about the psychological impact that occurred during this time.
I was disappointed because the book was not what I expected from the title. I thought it would compare events and psychological factors in Nazi Germany to other contexts especially whst is happening in today's world. Instead it focuses exclusively on the world of the Nazis. Its okay as an exploration of that world but it wasn't why I bought the book. Having said that I think some of the parallels with today's world are clear and the 12 themes are a very useful framework that outline ongoing risks in today's world.
What an excellently researched and argued book analyzing the rise of the Nazis from obscurity to a genocidal murdering machine. It is a must read for those of us who need reminding and understanding of the consequences of the destructive nonsense being espoused by current and aspiring authoritarianism/dictatorial leaders throughout the world.
The central message is that everything is fragile and often a great deal more fragile than we think.
The dictator's 'playbook' is presented in 12 chapters which I will attempt to briefly summarise as follows.
Spreading Conspiracy Theories:- twist and bend reality to support preconceived prejudices.
Them and Us:- target a group of easily identifiable people whom you can scapegoat.
Lead as a Hero:-portray as a hero / champion which can develop into being perceived as a quasi-parental figure.
Corrupting Youth:- target people under the age of twenty-five which takes advantage of the biological fact that the frontal cortex - the part of the brain that offers restraint and analytic judgement - is not yet fully formed.
Conniving with the Elite:- dictators frequently do not seize control on their own, instead power is handed to them by others.
Attacking Human Rights:- extinguish the rule of law - cripple the legal system by altering the appointment of judges - abolish the free press - remove right to individual free speech.
Exploiting Faith:- if your followers have complete faith in you then no amount of reasoned argument will convince them that they're wrong.
Valuing enemies:- convince people who their enemies are and create an atmosphere in which the population always feel there were dark forces ranged against them.
Eliminating Resistance:- although it is commonplace for dictators to eliminate the basis human rights of their subjects, it is a mistake to think that a mass movement of ordinary citizens can bring down a dictator. It is more challenging to target powerful groups like the church or the army. The astute dictator either corrupts the armed units or keeps them in a state of anxiety about possible denunciation.
Escalating Racism:- Feelings of 'Them and Us' exists in all societies but often are not fuelled by racism. Racism is a toxic brew that can heighten 'Them and Us' feelings to murderous levels.
Killing at a Distance:- A recurring theme in history is the psychological problems that people can experience if they are told to kill someone face to face. That difficulty was a key reason why the Nazis developed more distanced methods of killing such as the gas chamber.
Stoking Fear:- while Hitler's hatred suffuses the The Nazi Mind, he also understood the value of another closely linked emotion - fear. A potent political statement is: "Be frightened, they are coming for your homes and children".
Finally on a more upbeat note:- although the presence of the above 12 circumstances provided fertile grounds for the emergence of the Nazi dictatorship, they also act as red lights in respect of present or future attempts at authoritarianism (perhaps a step on the road to dictatorship).
Jos olet joskus pohtinut, miten holokaustia käytännössä toteuttaneet natsit pystyivät siihen mitä he tekivät tai miksi Hitler nousi valtaan, tämä kirja vastaa siihen monitasoisesti ja perustellen, nykytutkimusta laajalti peilaten.
Tuoreehko teos herättää monenlaisia ajatuksia ja sisältää monenlaisia historian varoituksia, joiden kaiut sekoittuvat toisiinsa - mutta kuuleeko lopulta kukaan? Sitäkin sopii pohtia. Tässä Natsin mieli- kirjassa käsitellään sitä historiaa, jonka piti olla varoittava esimerkki, eurooppalaisen historian häpeäpilkku, se ”ei koskaan enää”. Ja silti se ”koskaan enää” tapahtuu koko ajan, meidän kaikkien silmien alla ja some-feedeissä.
Fasismi ei todellakaan kuollut vuonna 1945. Esimerkkejä ja erilaisia muotoja piisaa kyllä. Ja sehän kasvaa kyllä, meilläkin, jos kasvualustaa on, ja sitä annetaan olla. Kaduilla ja kabineteissa. Sen käytännöt hiipii politiikkaan yksi kerrallaan, siirtyy puheista tekoihin, hivuttautuen. Juuri siitä tämäkin teos varoittaa. Yksikään diktatuuri, natsihallinto, poliittinen hirmuteko tai fasistinen valtio ei synny yhdessä yössä eikä hetkessä. Tässä teoksessa niiden varoitusmerkkejä annetaan ja perustellaan natsi-Saksan historian valossa laajalti.
Tärkeä, ja myös keskittymistä vaativa teos. Ja hyytävän ajankohtainen sellainen. Erityisesti natsi-Saksan historiasta kiinnostuneille riittää myös hyvin yksityiskohtaista tietoa.
This Week on History Happy Hour: "What drove the thinking of Hitler and his followers? How did ordinary Germans come to embrace an ideology of hate and destruction? Chris and Rick welcome Laurence Rees, award-winning historian and author of the new book The Nazi Mind: Twelve Warnings from History.Drawing on decades of research and previously unpublished interviews, Rees examines the twisted ideas at the heart of the Third Reich and what they reveal about human behavior. Laurence Rees is an acclaimed historian, documentary filmmaker, and bestselling author specializing in Nazi Germany and World War II. Former head of BBC TV History, he has written and produced award-winning series such as Auschwitz: The Nazis and the “Final Solution” and The Nazis: A Warning from History. His books, translated worldwide, include Hitler and Stalin: The Tyrants and the Second World War and The Holocaust: A New History. His latest work, The Nazi Mind, explores the beliefs that drove the Third Reich."
Este trabajo llega en un momento en que el análisis psicológico del nazismo cobra una relevancia inquietante. Rees, con su habitual rigor documental, no se limita a narrar hechos históricos, sino que se adentra en la psique de los perpetradores, víctimas y espectadores para responder a la pregunta que ha obsesionado a generaciones: ¿cómo fue posible que personas ordinarias participaran o toleraran el mayor crimen del siglo XX? RESEÑA COMPLETA: https://atrapadaenunashojasdepapel.bl...
Written by a well-known British historian of the Holocaust, this book is an insightful study into how the Holocaust happened. It does not discuss the means that they used but it delved quite deeply into the thinking and the motivation behind the Nazis. I learned a great deal.