“I learned to recognise the thorough and primitive duality of man.”
Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a compelling and unsettling exploration of human nature and repression. Jekyll is presented as a respectable Victorian gentleman who admits he was “committed to a profound duplicity of life.”His language is often hyperbolic, especially when he describes his experiment as “so singular and profound,”which highlights his arrogance and belief that he can control human nature through science.
Hyde acts as a didactic character, used by Stevenson to warn Victorian society about the dangers of repression. He is described as violent and animalistic, ”trampling calmly over the child’s body,”and Jekyll explains that his darker self had been kept “caged” before it “came out roaring.”This imagery suggests that repressing desires only makes them more dangerous, criticising Victorian moral strictness.
The theme of duality is central to the novel, shown through the idea that ”man is not truly one, but truly two.” Stevenson links this to Victorian society, where appearances were everything and immorality was hidden beneath respectability. The contrast between Jekyll and Hyde reflects a society that preached morality while secretly indulging in vice.
Stevenson also explores the conflict between religion and science, a major issue in the Victorian era. Jekyll’s attempt to separate good and evil shows scientific ambition overriding moral boundaries, as he describes Hyde as “something troglodytic.” This reflects fears that abandoning religion for science could cause humanity to regress rather than progress.