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T-Minus AI: Humanity's Countdown to Artificial Intelligence and the New Pursuit of Global Power
"Mike Kanaan is an influential new voice in the field of AI, and his thoughts paint an insightful perspective. A thought-provoking read." Eric Schmidt, former CEO and executive chairman of Google
Late in 2017, the conversation about the global impact of artificial intelligence (AI) changed forever. China delivered a bold message when it released a national plan to dominate all aspects of AI across the planet. Within weeks, Russia's Vladimir Putin raised the stakes by declaring AI the future for all humankind, and proclaiming that, "Whoever becomes the leader in this sphere will become the ruler of the world."
The race was on. Consistent with their unique national agendas, countries throughout the world began plotting their paths and hurrying their pace. Now, not long after, the race has become a sprint.
Despite everything at risk, for most of us AI remains shrouded by a cloud of mystery and misunderstanding. Hidden behind complex technical terms and confused even further by extravagant depictions in science fiction, the realities of AI and its profound implications are hard to decipher, but no less crucial to understand.
In T-Minus Humanity's Countdown to Artificial Intelligence and the New Pursuit of Global Power, author Michael Kanaan explains the realities of AI from a human-oriented perspective that's easy to comprehend. A recognized national expert and the U.S. Air Force's first Chairperson for Artificial Intelligence, Kanaan weaves a compelling new view on our history of innovation and technology to masterfully explain what each of us should know about modern computing, AI, and machine learning.
Kanaan also illuminates the global implications of AI by highlighting the cultural and national vulnerabilities already exposed and the pressing issues now squarely on the table. AI has already become China's all-purpose tool to impose authoritarian influence around the world. Russia, playing catch up, is weaponizing AI through its military systems and now infamous, aggressive efforts to disrupt democracy by whatever disinformation means possible.
America and like-minded nations are awakening to these new realities, and the paths they're electing to follow echo loudly, in most cases, the political foundations and moral imperatives upon which they were formed.
As we march toward a future far different than ever imagined, T-Minus AI is fascinating and critically well-timed. It leaves the fiction behind, paints the alarming implications of AI for what they actually are, and calls for unified action to protect fundamental human rights and dignities for all.
Late in 2017, the conversation about the global impact of artificial intelligence (AI) changed forever. China delivered a bold message when it released a national plan to dominate all aspects of AI across the planet. Within weeks, Russia's Vladimir Putin raised the stakes by declaring AI the future for all humankind, and proclaiming that, "Whoever becomes the leader in this sphere will become the ruler of the world."
The race was on. Consistent with their unique national agendas, countries throughout the world began plotting their paths and hurrying their pace. Now, not long after, the race has become a sprint.
Despite everything at risk, for most of us AI remains shrouded by a cloud of mystery and misunderstanding. Hidden behind complex technical terms and confused even further by extravagant depictions in science fiction, the realities of AI and its profound implications are hard to decipher, but no less crucial to understand.
In T-Minus Humanity's Countdown to Artificial Intelligence and the New Pursuit of Global Power, author Michael Kanaan explains the realities of AI from a human-oriented perspective that's easy to comprehend. A recognized national expert and the U.S. Air Force's first Chairperson for Artificial Intelligence, Kanaan weaves a compelling new view on our history of innovation and technology to masterfully explain what each of us should know about modern computing, AI, and machine learning.
Kanaan also illuminates the global implications of AI by highlighting the cultural and national vulnerabilities already exposed and the pressing issues now squarely on the table. AI has already become China's all-purpose tool to impose authoritarian influence around the world. Russia, playing catch up, is weaponizing AI through its military systems and now infamous, aggressive efforts to disrupt democracy by whatever disinformation means possible.
America and like-minded nations are awakening to these new realities, and the paths they're electing to follow echo loudly, in most cases, the political foundations and moral imperatives upon which they were formed.
As we march toward a future far different than ever imagined, T-Minus AI is fascinating and critically well-timed. It leaves the fiction behind, paints the alarming implications of AI for what they actually are, and calls for unified action to protect fundamental human rights and dignities for all.
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Published October 20, 2020
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About the author
Michael Kanaan
2 books63 followersMichael Kanaan was the first chairperson of artificial intelligence for the U.S. Air Force, Headquarters Pentagon. In that role, he authored and guided the research, development, and implementation strategies for AI technology and machine learning activities across its global operations.
In recognition of his fast-rising career and broad influence, the author was named to the 2019 Forbes "30 Under 30" list and has received numerous other awards and prestigious honors -- including the Air Force's 2018 General Larry O. Spencer Award for Innovation as well as the US Government's Arthur S. Flemming Award (an honor shared by past recipients Neil Armstrong, Robert Gates, and Elizabeth Dole).
You can follow Mike on Twitter @MichaelJKanaan
In recognition of his fast-rising career and broad influence, the author was named to the 2019 Forbes "30 Under 30" list and has received numerous other awards and prestigious honors -- including the Air Force's 2018 General Larry O. Spencer Award for Innovation as well as the US Government's Arthur S. Flemming Award (an honor shared by past recipients Neil Armstrong, Robert Gates, and Elizabeth Dole).
You can follow Mike on Twitter @MichaelJKanaan
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 105 reviews
August 25, 2020
Just like the space race in the 1950s, there is now intense geopolitical competition and rivalry between countries attempting to be the first to truly harness the power of AI. With the vast circumstances AI can be used in it is a powerful weapon to have in your arsenal, especially if you have discovered how it can improve prospects, national security and how it can be utilised militarily. Wielded as a weapon AI has the potential to become deadly and with China, Russia and The United States already playing a game of cat and mouse using AI against each other the possibility of it taking over many aspects of life in the near future is not so far-fetched. Michael Kanaan is an authority in the field of artificial intelligence and writes in easily comprehensible and accessible prose with no waffle. What makes this book particularly special is the fact that anyone could pick it up and understand it; Kanaan makes an often complex topic seem simple.
In T-Minus AI Kanaan explains the history of AI and how it has evolved over the last few decades, the benefits of utilising AI in everyday life and the negative connotations of it, in great detail. The implications of it evolving so much that it creates problems for mankind is a concern many people have, including scientists in the field right through to laypeople. It is structured in a readable manner and begins by describing the development of AI, the different types of it and exactly how global superpowers have used it to their benefit so far. This is a captivating and well-researched book which presents the history, present and future of AI in an eminently engaging fashion and explains the social, economic and political implications as well as the interplay between them. This is a must-read for anyone interested in what our outlook may be in the not too distant future. Many thanks to BenBella for an ARC.
In T-Minus AI Kanaan explains the history of AI and how it has evolved over the last few decades, the benefits of utilising AI in everyday life and the negative connotations of it, in great detail. The implications of it evolving so much that it creates problems for mankind is a concern many people have, including scientists in the field right through to laypeople. It is structured in a readable manner and begins by describing the development of AI, the different types of it and exactly how global superpowers have used it to their benefit so far. This is a captivating and well-researched book which presents the history, present and future of AI in an eminently engaging fashion and explains the social, economic and political implications as well as the interplay between them. This is a must-read for anyone interested in what our outlook may be in the not too distant future. Many thanks to BenBella for an ARC.
October 19, 2020
Thank you to Netgalley and BenBella Books for a copy of this book in exchange for an honest review.
I really enjoyed reading this book, and I was quite pleasantly surprised that I did, because non-fiction is a genre that I rarely like.
The narrator was able to explain many complex or complicated ideas in a simple way that was easy to understand and very informative, I liked the way that the book first goes through important concepts and jumps right into the intricate history of AI - how it has affected the world and continues to do so, and how various countries in the world today are racing to wield this power.
The beginning of this book was a bit broad and unspecified, and it took a while for it to actually get into the stream of artificial intelligence itself. However, I liked the way that the book was written that someone who knew absolutely nothing about the subject could easily understand what was being said and get a better sense of some of the advances happening in the world today, which are spoken of quite frequently in the news as well.
Overall, this book proved to be a somewhat thought-provoking and highly interesting read. I would definitely recommend it to others who either like non-fiction, or if you are like me and enjoy reading about science in the future and artificial intelligence in general.
I really enjoyed reading this book, and I was quite pleasantly surprised that I did, because non-fiction is a genre that I rarely like.
The narrator was able to explain many complex or complicated ideas in a simple way that was easy to understand and very informative, I liked the way that the book first goes through important concepts and jumps right into the intricate history of AI - how it has affected the world and continues to do so, and how various countries in the world today are racing to wield this power.
The beginning of this book was a bit broad and unspecified, and it took a while for it to actually get into the stream of artificial intelligence itself. However, I liked the way that the book was written that someone who knew absolutely nothing about the subject could easily understand what was being said and get a better sense of some of the advances happening in the world today, which are spoken of quite frequently in the news as well.
Overall, this book proved to be a somewhat thought-provoking and highly interesting read. I would definitely recommend it to others who either like non-fiction, or if you are like me and enjoy reading about science in the future and artificial intelligence in general.
August 23, 2020
[ Cross-posted to Comments by Clara ]
Continuing my trend of reading science nonfiction, I snagged a copy of T-Minus AI in order to learn a bit more about the real-world realities of emerging artificial intelligence technologies as opposed to their fictional counterparts. While I had a vague idea of how AI had progressed over the past few decades, I wanted to gain a more in-depth understanding about how AI actually works and the current near-future implications of AI deployment in everyday life.
This books starts out by exploring the history of AI, focusing intently on the crucial steps taken throughout the twentieth century to develop AI into something that could have everyday applications. Then it summarizes the different types of AI and the various impacts that each one could have on individuals and governments—and the interplay between those two parties. The book then takes the time to explain how each of the various world superpowers has approached AI in the recent past and how they intend to approach it in the near future, as well as how those approaches have and will continue to effect global political relations and the socioeconomic welfare of those countries’ citizens.
Overall, I thought that T-Minus AI presented a thorough and well-organized look into the history, present, and likely future of AI technologies and convincingly impressed upon the reader the importance of being cognizant of how AI is and will come to be used in daily life. That said, I did have a few quibbles with the book, the biggest one being that I thought it occasionally went off on somewhat unnecessary tangents—the most obvious example being a lengthy history of the development of democracy that I don’t believe the average reads needs to understand the context of that chapter’s topic.
Anyway, this is a pretty good book if you have an interest in learning about the broad strokes of AI—historically, technically, and politically—and it does a good job of explaining all the issues (and solutions) that may arise as AI use becomes more and more common across the globe.
Rating: 3.5/5
_____
Thanks to NetGalley and BenBella Books for providing me with an eARC of T-Minus AI.
Continuing my trend of reading science nonfiction, I snagged a copy of T-Minus AI in order to learn a bit more about the real-world realities of emerging artificial intelligence technologies as opposed to their fictional counterparts. While I had a vague idea of how AI had progressed over the past few decades, I wanted to gain a more in-depth understanding about how AI actually works and the current near-future implications of AI deployment in everyday life.
This books starts out by exploring the history of AI, focusing intently on the crucial steps taken throughout the twentieth century to develop AI into something that could have everyday applications. Then it summarizes the different types of AI and the various impacts that each one could have on individuals and governments—and the interplay between those two parties. The book then takes the time to explain how each of the various world superpowers has approached AI in the recent past and how they intend to approach it in the near future, as well as how those approaches have and will continue to effect global political relations and the socioeconomic welfare of those countries’ citizens.
Overall, I thought that T-Minus AI presented a thorough and well-organized look into the history, present, and likely future of AI technologies and convincingly impressed upon the reader the importance of being cognizant of how AI is and will come to be used in daily life. That said, I did have a few quibbles with the book, the biggest one being that I thought it occasionally went off on somewhat unnecessary tangents—the most obvious example being a lengthy history of the development of democracy that I don’t believe the average reads needs to understand the context of that chapter’s topic.
Anyway, this is a pretty good book if you have an interest in learning about the broad strokes of AI—historically, technically, and politically—and it does a good job of explaining all the issues (and solutions) that may arise as AI use becomes more and more common across the globe.
Rating: 3.5/5
_____
Thanks to NetGalley and BenBella Books for providing me with an eARC of T-Minus AI.
August 26, 2020
This book surprised me... in a good way. 😃 At first I was definitely in the, “Okay, sure, ANOTHER book about AI”, but then I started reading and it was just really digestible. Like, actually fun and engaging. Not a bunch of hype. Logically thought-out. Actually applies to the real world and not some make-believe place where “everything is revolutionized, buy stock now!” or “this is dumb, ignore it.”
I was a little worried about how broad it started, because I thought maybe it would be 150 pages of fluff and 100 pages of content, but as I kept going, it all tied together (which is kudos to both the author and editing team). It almost reads like a textbook because of the logical connections, but it’s NOT boring... so maybe it’s just a GOOD textbook or reference?
Having waded into the waters of many “general knowledge” type books about cyber security or intelligence or quantum cryptography or whatever, I can definitely recommend this one as both a solid read and a great resource. I hope schools use it to build the next generation of learners and that governments and large organizations take hold as a tool to engage in the important ethical and leadership decisions that lie ahead.
(Caveat, I know the author, and got a digital advanced reader copy, but also pre-ordered two copies... and, yes, I was worried I would not be able to give it five stars... but, no, I would not have done so unless it actually was good, because friendships are temporary, but Goodreads book reviews are eternal). 😋
I was a little worried about how broad it started, because I thought maybe it would be 150 pages of fluff and 100 pages of content, but as I kept going, it all tied together (which is kudos to both the author and editing team). It almost reads like a textbook because of the logical connections, but it’s NOT boring... so maybe it’s just a GOOD textbook or reference?
Having waded into the waters of many “general knowledge” type books about cyber security or intelligence or quantum cryptography or whatever, I can definitely recommend this one as both a solid read and a great resource. I hope schools use it to build the next generation of learners and that governments and large organizations take hold as a tool to engage in the important ethical and leadership decisions that lie ahead.
(Caveat, I know the author, and got a digital advanced reader copy, but also pre-ordered two copies... and, yes, I was worried I would not be able to give it five stars... but, no, I would not have done so unless it actually was good, because friendships are temporary, but Goodreads book reviews are eternal). 😋
September 21, 2021
When I first encountered with this book, I supposed that I will get overview of the possible future scenarios on the wold that is dominated and ruled by new superpower, AI because it's name implies such powerful image to me. On the other hand, book organized like a history text book and starts from the emergence of Turing machine and vastly discuss how computers and computer networking made available and then only discuss AI from the very weak perspective in Chapter 3. Therefore, it's totally disappointment from my side since I can have and most of us also can find such narratives from other sources on the internet. The most interesting part of the book for me is the summary of what China and Russia has done on AI so far along with their long term strategies. Again author mostly copy & paste AI strategy documents of China, EU & USA and other countries where most of us can easily find them via quick search over internet. Due to these inefficiencies, I don't recommend this book and should honestly say that its name deceptive and book presents readable light summary of AI history, no more than that.
November 29, 2020
A solid enough overview of what AI is and isn't. The first half was a high-level summary of the evolution of AI while the second half focused more on its impact on modern society. Unfortunately, partly due to the nature of the topic, the content will be outdated within a year.
If you follow the tech industry to any extent, I can't imagine much of what's written here will come as a surprise to you, but for someone who needs a primer on the subject, I would whole-heartedly recommend it. The writing is easy to read and follow, and the choices made on what to focus on vs what to leave out were handled very well.
If you follow the tech industry to any extent, I can't imagine much of what's written here will come as a surprise to you, but for someone who needs a primer on the subject, I would whole-heartedly recommend it. The writing is easy to read and follow, and the choices made on what to focus on vs what to leave out were handled very well.
January 12, 2021
This was the first book that I read about the AI. I have chosen this one because it is the most basic, for the people far from the topic. So in general I can't make any judgments about the quality of the content that the Author presents here.
But being Russian I suppose I can make judgments about the Chapter 14 devoted to AI and machine learning in Russia. And I can say that I was really disappointed by the superficiality of this part of the book. There are two main points that author is trying to analyse here:
1. The application of machine learning and AI in the warfare. And I really did not catch any evidences in the text that shows these technologies are really adopted by the Russian army. All the speculations of the author is based on the statement that Russian army used Syria conflict for approbation of the new weapons. OK, that's true, but what does it have to do with AI?
2. The second point that author is talking about is internet bots, propaganda and the invasion in the American elections of 2016. OK this is something connected with machine learning but internet bots haven't been invented in Russia and I don't think this is really important point worth devoting several pages of the book.
The key point is completely lost and this makes me give only two stars for the book. Author did not even mention the Russian most big and advance IT company Yandex that very closely works with the government (otherwise it is impossible to survive here unfortunately) and that has a really big division working on machine learning and AI. Just imagine if someone talks about the AI in the US and forget to mention Google, Uber and Amazon (Yandex is really a monster in the local scale uniting most of functions of these three companies).
Last but not the least...
The quote:
"The Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics began in 1922 as association of previously independent republics that agreed to consolidate under a centralized, one party system...".
WOW!!!!! SERIOUSLY???!!!!! PREVIOUSLY INDEPENDENT REPUBLICS???!!!!!
Does the rest of the book have the same quality of fact checking?
Frankly speaking I was expecting a little bit more when started reading the book written by the first chairperson of artificial intelligence for the U.S. Air Force.
But being Russian I suppose I can make judgments about the Chapter 14 devoted to AI and machine learning in Russia. And I can say that I was really disappointed by the superficiality of this part of the book. There are two main points that author is trying to analyse here:
1. The application of machine learning and AI in the warfare. And I really did not catch any evidences in the text that shows these technologies are really adopted by the Russian army. All the speculations of the author is based on the statement that Russian army used Syria conflict for approbation of the new weapons. OK, that's true, but what does it have to do with AI?
2. The second point that author is talking about is internet bots, propaganda and the invasion in the American elections of 2016. OK this is something connected with machine learning but internet bots haven't been invented in Russia and I don't think this is really important point worth devoting several pages of the book.
The key point is completely lost and this makes me give only two stars for the book. Author did not even mention the Russian most big and advance IT company Yandex that very closely works with the government (otherwise it is impossible to survive here unfortunately) and that has a really big division working on machine learning and AI. Just imagine if someone talks about the AI in the US and forget to mention Google, Uber and Amazon (Yandex is really a monster in the local scale uniting most of functions of these three companies).
Last but not the least...
The quote:
"The Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics began in 1922 as association of previously independent republics that agreed to consolidate under a centralized, one party system...".
WOW!!!!! SERIOUSLY???!!!!! PREVIOUSLY INDEPENDENT REPUBLICS???!!!!!
Does the rest of the book have the same quality of fact checking?
Frankly speaking I was expecting a little bit more when started reading the book written by the first chairperson of artificial intelligence for the U.S. Air Force.
May 24, 2025
It succeeds as an accessible primer for AI history targeting non-technical people and an early call to action about the geopolitical implications of the AI race but falls short of leveraging author's unique insider position and concrete details (i.e. classified strategies, military applications, political maneuvering, real capability assessment of foreign tech, actual tracked threats, etc.). It's at the level of a well-researched survey of basics, which is accurate and obvious at hindsight so fine to skip.
January 12, 2021
It is a well written book, but a few things diminished its value in my eyes. A couple of things that I liked are:
* It is one of the few non-sensational book on this topic. It talks mostly about the narrow AI, which is already here, rather than speculating on some future form of General AI and the existential threats posed by them.
* Some of the basic computer science concepts, like binary numbers, are explained beautifully
What I didn't like are:
* It dismisses General AI as an extremely remote possibility. Many AI researchers do not think so.
* He seems to have rather restricted exposure to the current research on consciousness and related computer science topics. Therefore, his discussion on this topic is very weak.
* While putting a lot of blame about cyber warfare on other countries such as China and Russia, the author never even mentions that USA could also be doing the same. It would be unthinkable that any nation would not invest in this area, and there are some known cases where US has been implicated.
* Talking about international politics, it again keeps US out of any possibility of wrong doing, when the fact is during the entire second half of 20th century US often sided with the wrong side, propping up dictatorial regimes all over the world in the name of fighting communism and other ills.
The obvious national bias in this book makes it somewhat weak and less convincing.
* It is one of the few non-sensational book on this topic. It talks mostly about the narrow AI, which is already here, rather than speculating on some future form of General AI and the existential threats posed by them.
* Some of the basic computer science concepts, like binary numbers, are explained beautifully
What I didn't like are:
* It dismisses General AI as an extremely remote possibility. Many AI researchers do not think so.
* He seems to have rather restricted exposure to the current research on consciousness and related computer science topics. Therefore, his discussion on this topic is very weak.
* While putting a lot of blame about cyber warfare on other countries such as China and Russia, the author never even mentions that USA could also be doing the same. It would be unthinkable that any nation would not invest in this area, and there are some known cases where US has been implicated.
* Talking about international politics, it again keeps US out of any possibility of wrong doing, when the fact is during the entire second half of 20th century US often sided with the wrong side, propping up dictatorial regimes all over the world in the name of fighting communism and other ills.
The obvious national bias in this book makes it somewhat weak and less convincing.
November 2, 2020
Michael has written a brisk, readable, and enjoyable introduction to AI for everyone else. If you're curious about AI and don't know where to start, you can't do much better than T-Minus AI.
December 28, 2020
Perhaps one of the best tech books I've read, very relevant for our current time, and will be recommending to friends interested in learning what AI is and what its significance is.
The book is different from other what-is-AI books in that it places AI in context of current events, historical realities, and what could potentially happen. Perhaps the most intriguing part of this book is part 3, where Kanaan describes AI's impact on global relations - providing a very convincing argument that the US needs to up it's game in defining a vision for AI as a democratic ideal.
Part I of the book is not really about AI, but rather a brief history of technology and knowledge, which makes the potential impact of AI seem extraordinarily significant. Instead of simply talking about '600 years ago the Guttenberg press changed the world and so will AI', he sets the stage for how and why data is important for knowledge expansion, and how technologies influence on knowledge expansion shaped civilizations. At first I thought starting off the history of the world with the literal history of the world was a pedantic excuse to show off Kanaan's knowledge, but after finishing the book I have gained a different mental model on how to think about knowledge, data, and civilization growth.
Part II explains knowledge through the lens of data and also provides a very fascinating exploration of the evolvement of technology. Here he explains in exquisitely simple language what AI is -- as someone in the tech world who has from time to time needed to explain things like big data, AI, and other terminologies, I will be stealing some of the ways Kanaan conveyed AI to provide that imagery to others. Kanaan has a brilliant way of explaining AI in a concise and understandable way.
Part III was the most interesting part. I had picked this book up because Kanaan works at the Pentagon. I have been interested in hearing a military perspective of technology, particularly in the wake of China's massive expansion of AI. Kanaan provides a frightening, and yet not hyperbolic, picture of what authoritarian governments are in the process of doing with AI, and how without a counter-weight to their cyber imperial expansions, it can massively shift the global balance. Simultaneously, he exposes what is probably the weakness of democracy, an institution that has only existed for a few hundred years, when it comes to misinformation.
"An uninformed, misinformed, or disinformed electorate is no real electorate at all - as an unaware of confused voting base compromises the most critical component in the basic philosophy upon which democracy rests" Authoritarian governments have been able to succeed in the AI race because they can control information, and, in light of the previous election of Trump, disinformation is demonstrating massive weaknesses in the American system of government.
Nevertheless, again, the most convincing Kanaan provides is the need to promote a democratic ideal in the AI world, as a Sputnik moment. As in, we need to think about AI the same way people thought about sending a man on the moon, it was a requirement to defend a democratic institution. After finishing this book, I thought about how it feels like in America most AI development is done in the private sphere from a capitalistic lens - how both large corporations to individuals are looking to make profit off of AI through exploitative and non-exploitative practices. Meaning that Americans are not seeing AI as a Sputnik moment, a place where we need to come together and promote values of what AI should ethically look like. Instead, we're all looking to get on the AI train and mine gold, where only the people who sell the shovels are going to get rich. With this in mind, I fear for America's future, how in the world are we going to compete with authoritarian governments?
The book is different from other what-is-AI books in that it places AI in context of current events, historical realities, and what could potentially happen. Perhaps the most intriguing part of this book is part 3, where Kanaan describes AI's impact on global relations - providing a very convincing argument that the US needs to up it's game in defining a vision for AI as a democratic ideal.
Part I of the book is not really about AI, but rather a brief history of technology and knowledge, which makes the potential impact of AI seem extraordinarily significant. Instead of simply talking about '600 years ago the Guttenberg press changed the world and so will AI', he sets the stage for how and why data is important for knowledge expansion, and how technologies influence on knowledge expansion shaped civilizations. At first I thought starting off the history of the world with the literal history of the world was a pedantic excuse to show off Kanaan's knowledge, but after finishing the book I have gained a different mental model on how to think about knowledge, data, and civilization growth.
Part II explains knowledge through the lens of data and also provides a very fascinating exploration of the evolvement of technology. Here he explains in exquisitely simple language what AI is -- as someone in the tech world who has from time to time needed to explain things like big data, AI, and other terminologies, I will be stealing some of the ways Kanaan conveyed AI to provide that imagery to others. Kanaan has a brilliant way of explaining AI in a concise and understandable way.
Part III was the most interesting part. I had picked this book up because Kanaan works at the Pentagon. I have been interested in hearing a military perspective of technology, particularly in the wake of China's massive expansion of AI. Kanaan provides a frightening, and yet not hyperbolic, picture of what authoritarian governments are in the process of doing with AI, and how without a counter-weight to their cyber imperial expansions, it can massively shift the global balance. Simultaneously, he exposes what is probably the weakness of democracy, an institution that has only existed for a few hundred years, when it comes to misinformation.
"An uninformed, misinformed, or disinformed electorate is no real electorate at all - as an unaware of confused voting base compromises the most critical component in the basic philosophy upon which democracy rests" Authoritarian governments have been able to succeed in the AI race because they can control information, and, in light of the previous election of Trump, disinformation is demonstrating massive weaknesses in the American system of government.
Nevertheless, again, the most convincing Kanaan provides is the need to promote a democratic ideal in the AI world, as a Sputnik moment. As in, we need to think about AI the same way people thought about sending a man on the moon, it was a requirement to defend a democratic institution. After finishing this book, I thought about how it feels like in America most AI development is done in the private sphere from a capitalistic lens - how both large corporations to individuals are looking to make profit off of AI through exploitative and non-exploitative practices. Meaning that Americans are not seeing AI as a Sputnik moment, a place where we need to come together and promote values of what AI should ethically look like. Instead, we're all looking to get on the AI train and mine gold, where only the people who sell the shovels are going to get rich. With this in mind, I fear for America's future, how in the world are we going to compete with authoritarian governments?
May 11, 2020
Recently given the opportunity to read this book - and couldn’t help but wish this existed when I was an educator.
This is a novel that crosses curriculums and gives an example of leadership that students cannot only aspire to, but see themselves in. With an accomplished yet approachable narrator - it provides an understanding of why STEM needs to be infused in all subjects and a part of every classrooms conversation. I started this novel with a limited knowledge of AI, and walked away with an ability to appreciate and converse in the area that is dominating headlines across the globe. A perfect addition to any lesson plan/summer reading list.
This is a novel that crosses curriculums and gives an example of leadership that students cannot only aspire to, but see themselves in. With an accomplished yet approachable narrator - it provides an understanding of why STEM needs to be infused in all subjects and a part of every classrooms conversation. I started this novel with a limited knowledge of AI, and walked away with an ability to appreciate and converse in the area that is dominating headlines across the globe. A perfect addition to any lesson plan/summer reading list.
November 20, 2020
Really enjoyed the views of this book.
Some powers are stopping at nothing for AI supremacy, without thinking of the consequences.
The new arms race.
Highly recommended for anyone interested in policy or global affairs.
4.1/5
Some powers are stopping at nothing for AI supremacy, without thinking of the consequences.
The new arms race.
Highly recommended for anyone interested in policy or global affairs.
4.1/5
January 11, 2021
I enjoyed this read the writer was able to explain a complex topic in a very easy to understand way. I would recommend this book to anyone interested in science non-fiction whether you are new to the topic or if it is your favorite genre.
June 23, 2023
This book is both a primer on AI for people who have no technical experience or even exposure to the concept, and it also talks about the current (as of 2019) state of AI and where it will head in the future. I think it satisfied both those goals well and even though I have exposure to the concept academically and practically, I appreciated the basic explanations. A lot of the concepts covered required a lot of context and explanation before diving into the AI related concept or story, so much of this book is about history, international relations, etc. I thought it was fascinating but someone who might be looking for a hardcore AI book that doesn't dwell on historical context might not enjoy it as much.
November 28, 2020
I liked the chapter about the history of AI systems that challenged and defeated world champions of strategic and intellectual games like Chess, Go, and Dota2. The rest was ok.
January 15, 2025
Excellent high-level overview of the current AI landscape. The last chapters on how other countries (such as China and Russia) are currently using AI were the best and most interesting part of the book for me. I would definitely recommend to anyone who is new to AI or has some introductory knowledge of it.
August 21, 2020
An impressive, thorough, and immensely readable account from first-time author and Director of AI for the Air Force Michael Kanaan, in which he not only answers the important question "what is AI? and what is at stake for humanity?" but explores in-depth many fascinating related topics - from the origins of the universe and intelligent life on this planet, the origins of modern computing and the first artificial intelligence and machine learning applications, and much more. He gives adequate coverage, too, to the geopolitical risks posed by AI and the ways this technology is already being used to carry out authoritarian and anti-democratic goals in China and Russia. At its core, Kanaan makes a compelling case for the urgent need for humanity to align around a common ethics of AI - so that its application only serves to advance the dignity of all humans.
You might not learn more from a book that you read this year, including that robotics and AI date predate Da Vinci - even in the 1500’s humans imagined an AI chess application that could surpass the skill of the world’s best players. Kanaan’s chapter on China and the dystopian realities that have taken hold there, in large part fueled by the government's applications of AI, is at once eye-opening and comprehensive, but also written in a neutral perspective, so as to leave it to the reader’s judgment to evaluate what part we might all play in correcting these atrocities.
This neutral reporting is certainly one aspect of Kanaan’s writing that will take him far in his career as an author and public speaker – in a time of hyper-partisanship “hot takes,” and ideological conformity, Kanaan merely reports the facts on the ground. While presenting serious ethical and geopolitical questions to consider, much like Yuval Noah Herari, without weighing in and interjecting his own bias, he makes clear he has no ‘agenda’ in writing this comprehensive book other than to enlighten humans and policymakers everywhere on perhaps the most pressing issue of our times.
You might not learn more from a book that you read this year, including that robotics and AI date predate Da Vinci - even in the 1500’s humans imagined an AI chess application that could surpass the skill of the world’s best players. Kanaan’s chapter on China and the dystopian realities that have taken hold there, in large part fueled by the government's applications of AI, is at once eye-opening and comprehensive, but also written in a neutral perspective, so as to leave it to the reader’s judgment to evaluate what part we might all play in correcting these atrocities.
This neutral reporting is certainly one aspect of Kanaan’s writing that will take him far in his career as an author and public speaker – in a time of hyper-partisanship “hot takes,” and ideological conformity, Kanaan merely reports the facts on the ground. While presenting serious ethical and geopolitical questions to consider, much like Yuval Noah Herari, without weighing in and interjecting his own bias, he makes clear he has no ‘agenda’ in writing this comprehensive book other than to enlighten humans and policymakers everywhere on perhaps the most pressing issue of our times.
February 24, 2021
Part of this may be recency bias, but the only thing I really remember about this book is when it was talking about how different nations are currently (and plan to use) AI, specifically China and Russia. Even while I was 59% into the book (and the book proper ends at about 80% before it's just notes/acknowledgements/index), I still felt like he was giving an introduction that we hadn't gotten to the meat of the book. Apparently the meat of the book was from about 60% into the book until the end (80%).
I enjoyed Nick Bostrom's Superintelligence much more, and funny enough, Kanaan calls out/references this book within. He basically views transcendence as far enough from reality (either that'll take sufficiently long or it's not possible) that it's not to be concerned about and he views that people should be more afraid of how it is being used currently or will be used in the near future. Bostrom's book is much more interesting however, has a lot more theory and requires you to think deeper and it expands your mind.
As someone who works in technology and keeps somewhat up-to-date, I was aware of most of the contents in this book, and didn't find too much new information. That led me to feeling like most of the book was an introduction until he started talking about how different nations are currently using AI and their plans for the future.
This book seems to be geared more towards individuals who are not overly aware or involved in the technical industry and looking to learn more about what AI is.
I enjoyed Nick Bostrom's Superintelligence much more, and funny enough, Kanaan calls out/references this book within. He basically views transcendence as far enough from reality (either that'll take sufficiently long or it's not possible) that it's not to be concerned about and he views that people should be more afraid of how it is being used currently or will be used in the near future. Bostrom's book is much more interesting however, has a lot more theory and requires you to think deeper and it expands your mind.
As someone who works in technology and keeps somewhat up-to-date, I was aware of most of the contents in this book, and didn't find too much new information. That led me to feeling like most of the book was an introduction until he started talking about how different nations are currently using AI and their plans for the future.
This book seems to be geared more towards individuals who are not overly aware or involved in the technical industry and looking to learn more about what AI is.
January 26, 2025
This book is more relevanto today than ever. It explores an insightful examination of the global race for AI supremacy and its potential to reshape geopolitics. Drawing on his background in defense and technology, Kanaan offers a detailed exploration of how artificial intelligence is poised to become a central element in national security, economic strategy, and international power dynamics. He delves into the competition between nations, particularly the U.S. and China, and the strategic importance of AI in future warfare, diplomacy, and innovation. The book is both informative and thought-provoking, offering readers a nuanced perspective on the stakes of AI development. Kanaan successfully makes complex technical and political issues accessible, providing a wake-up call to those interested in understanding the profound implications AI will have on the future of global power.
January 21, 2021
Presented with very interesting and concise history of AI. How it all began & events that shaped the way to bring it in existence. And what could be the impact if left unwatched and what is necessary to keep it in check.
A little disappointed with the fact that the Part 3 was very brief. Although the role of private firms are also discussed but the exploitation which they are also prone to make (which they are doing actually) could have been also discussed. As it is also posing lot of problems in many societies across the world.
A little disappointed with the fact that the Part 3 was very brief. Although the role of private firms are also discussed but the exploitation which they are also prone to make (which they are doing actually) could have been also discussed. As it is also posing lot of problems in many societies across the world.
February 2, 2021
Well written with good insight into historical connections and perspectives in the development and progress of AI. The author, noted as a young seemingly successful individual who has the ear of many senior leaders, must be creative, aggressive, and innovative to gain the respect within those channels. The book unfortunately seems void of representing that part of the author’s character and drive. I look forward to reading his potential future work, if it exists, which may provide a little more insight into the direction he is pushing the community.
May 8, 2021
I think it is a rather superficial book on a topic that covered by so many. "Genius Makers" by Cade Metz does a much, much better job on explaining the evolution of AI. Michael Kanaan's story arches are interesting and witting, but just too long and old. I mean who needs that rice-corn on a chessboard story again to learn about binary systems and exponential growth.
February 21, 2021
I enjoyed the book. Don't look for a deep technical book. It explains basic concepts. It is more important the aportation about history and the different views of AI along the world. It is treated simiylar to the spatial fight in the cold war.
March 13, 2021
Awful book. First part of the book talks about evolution. WTF?! Just mention AI is kind of based on evolutionary principles. I don’t need chapters on it. Prime example of a book that should have just been an article.
April 3, 2021
Too shallow to be a proper introduction to AI, and what I hoped would be an interesting foreign policy overlay turned out to be mostly a collection of official statements and strategies from half a dozen countries. Give this one a miss I reckon.
January 22, 2022
Great and elaborate work on explaining where AI is coming from and where it’s headed. The book makes you understand the underlying reasons and opportunities for AI as well as the potential pitfalls and challenges. Essential for anyone interested in this world changing subject.
October 9, 2020
This is a review of a book supplied by Netgalley.
T-Minus AI is a broad survey of computation, artificial intelligence and machine learning. It is written by Michael Kanaan, who, according to his Amazon author's page, was the first chairperson of artificial intelligence (AI) for the USAF, and has authored and guided the research, development, and implementation strategies for AI technology and machine learning activities across its global operations. Since leaving the AF, he has become an advocate for the development of AI technologies and the need for the US to play a leading role in this field.
Artificial intelligence is the attempt to use computers to mimic, reproduce, and ultimately surpass human intelligence. Ever since the earliest digital computers were shown to be capable of performing useful computations, people have asked whether those devices were capable of thought and consciousness. Given the centrality of these questions to human identity, and the potential impact of reproducing human thought capacity with manufacturable elements, the topic of artificial intelligence has gone through multiple hype cycles of great promise and large amounts of funding, followed by "AI winter" cycles of disillusionment. The most recent cycle has centered around "machine learning" (ML) methods where "neural network" programs can be trained to reproduce complex data patterns that can help computers process natural language and navigate complicated situations. Google's translation functions, for example, use machine learning trained to the large amount of translated documents already on the internet to suggest translations for additional text. The current cycle of AI and ML development is distinguished by providing for the first time a commercial advantage. This makes current work immune to future AI winters, although even the most ardent advocates for the technology will admit that the current incarnation falls short of HAL, the heuristically programmed algorithmic computer in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey.
There have been a number of good books released over the last decade. For example, Ray Kurzweil's "The Singularity is Near" is an advocacy book; it describes the how AI technology is going to transform human life, without going into much depth of any of the particular details. Nick Bostrom's "Superintelligence" is a philosophical deep dive into the issues that arise from a this technology. There are also a vast number of technical books about the programming tools and libraries required to actually use AI technologies. All of these books are well targetted at a particular audience that they serve well.
The early chapters of "T-Minus AI" suggest that the author doesn't know what audience he wants to target. An example of this can be seen in Chapter 5, "Using the Languages of Men and Machines", which discusses human/natural languages, programming languages, decimal and binary numerical encodings, and ASCII text encodings, but does not discuss AI or ML topics. A casual reader who wants to understand the promise of AI technology probably doesn't need to understand, for example, the difference between high level and low level programming languages, and an advanced technical reader already is familiar with this information. The author could be laying the groundwork for a future discussion, but this material occurs in Chapter 5, well into the book, and such introductory material is best kept in the introduction.
However, once the book gets to discussing AI, the level of description is more appropriate, and the story flows much more naturally. The book ends with a decent survey of different companies' national AI development programs, followed by an interesting discussion of the GPT-2 natural language processor.
In summary, the book is a decent overview of the impact of recent AI technologies to the modern world, but one that could have been much more substantial with some careful editing and focusing.
T-Minus AI is a broad survey of computation, artificial intelligence and machine learning. It is written by Michael Kanaan, who, according to his Amazon author's page, was the first chairperson of artificial intelligence (AI) for the USAF, and has authored and guided the research, development, and implementation strategies for AI technology and machine learning activities across its global operations. Since leaving the AF, he has become an advocate for the development of AI technologies and the need for the US to play a leading role in this field.
Artificial intelligence is the attempt to use computers to mimic, reproduce, and ultimately surpass human intelligence. Ever since the earliest digital computers were shown to be capable of performing useful computations, people have asked whether those devices were capable of thought and consciousness. Given the centrality of these questions to human identity, and the potential impact of reproducing human thought capacity with manufacturable elements, the topic of artificial intelligence has gone through multiple hype cycles of great promise and large amounts of funding, followed by "AI winter" cycles of disillusionment. The most recent cycle has centered around "machine learning" (ML) methods where "neural network" programs can be trained to reproduce complex data patterns that can help computers process natural language and navigate complicated situations. Google's translation functions, for example, use machine learning trained to the large amount of translated documents already on the internet to suggest translations for additional text. The current cycle of AI and ML development is distinguished by providing for the first time a commercial advantage. This makes current work immune to future AI winters, although even the most ardent advocates for the technology will admit that the current incarnation falls short of HAL, the heuristically programmed algorithmic computer in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey.
There have been a number of good books released over the last decade. For example, Ray Kurzweil's "The Singularity is Near" is an advocacy book; it describes the how AI technology is going to transform human life, without going into much depth of any of the particular details. Nick Bostrom's "Superintelligence" is a philosophical deep dive into the issues that arise from a this technology. There are also a vast number of technical books about the programming tools and libraries required to actually use AI technologies. All of these books are well targetted at a particular audience that they serve well.
The early chapters of "T-Minus AI" suggest that the author doesn't know what audience he wants to target. An example of this can be seen in Chapter 5, "Using the Languages of Men and Machines", which discusses human/natural languages, programming languages, decimal and binary numerical encodings, and ASCII text encodings, but does not discuss AI or ML topics. A casual reader who wants to understand the promise of AI technology probably doesn't need to understand, for example, the difference between high level and low level programming languages, and an advanced technical reader already is familiar with this information. The author could be laying the groundwork for a future discussion, but this material occurs in Chapter 5, well into the book, and such introductory material is best kept in the introduction.
However, once the book gets to discussing AI, the level of description is more appropriate, and the story flows much more naturally. The book ends with a decent survey of different companies' national AI development programs, followed by an interesting discussion of the GPT-2 natural language processor.
In summary, the book is a decent overview of the impact of recent AI technologies to the modern world, but one that could have been much more substantial with some careful editing and focusing.
June 25, 2021
This book is an important stepping stone in advancing informed conversations about artificial intelligence technology geopolitics in different policy spheres. More than timely, the book is perhaps an overdue contribution to the dialogue, which similarly to contemporary books on AI policy, allocates the majority of its pages to catch-up pre-digital era policy makers and analysts on what the AI revolution entails and what it's prospects are. In this way, 'T-Minus AI' can contribute to more common understanding across different generations and types of public servants and analysts concerned with the implications of AI technology geopolitics in everything from communications technology, to AI supply chains, to IP, to security and defence.
The entire book is well written with good use of narrative elements that carry the reader briskly and coherently from one chapter to the next, and the final 1/3 of the book is equally rich story-telling that paints a brief but enlightening overview (just 72 pages) of the state of AI geopolitics in the world. Entire chapters are allocated to the old and new geopolitical poles of Russia and China each and a similar number of pages to the United States, with a few mentions of relevant western democracies. But the summaries for each state are mostly policy history and a synthesis of each country's recently stated AI strategy, without too much practical context. For the depth and nuance of which uses of AI technology or which companies may require critical attention and why, a little is offered with regards to China but otherwise this area isn't covered in detail.
Using examples of AI technology in China and Saudi Arabia which appear morally reprehensible to any western democrat, the author highlights the most important argument for policy makers to consider. That argument is: considering how these technologies can be designed to be used in stark contravention to democratic and human rights and considering how AI technology is poised to permeate so many critical areas of industry and society, it is justified that democratic states should work to ensure there is a strong and distinct ecosystem with adequate talent and supply chains for AI technologies that are imbued with respect for the ethical and humanistic values unique to democratic societies. Else, risk facing unique national and personal security threats or perhaps even worse, debilitating tech-lash from a population subject to the whims of those controlling AI technologies from non-democratic societies operating unconcerned with western or democratic moralities and expectations of constraints on their applications.
This book achieves two important things. First, it demystifies contemporary AI technologies for public servants and analysts working on international affairs and second, it makes it very clear that the geopolitical power and threats posed by different possible futures of political control and influence over these technologies is now a permanent feature of the global geopolitical reality and that this has been recognised, though perhaps not yet well understood, by many of the world's most important power-player states.
Perhaps its still too early in the proliferation of this technology to expect a book such as this one could paint a complete picture or theory of geopolitical AI technology power. It makes for a great starter for the geopolitical dimension of the practical discourse of how AI technology proliferation is beginning to affect our world. I will be looking forward to any second book from Michael Kanaan in this theme, 'T-Minus AI' having very effectively set the stage, readers of this book will certainly be ready for participating in the complex and rich discourse on AI technology geopolitics yet to come.
The entire book is well written with good use of narrative elements that carry the reader briskly and coherently from one chapter to the next, and the final 1/3 of the book is equally rich story-telling that paints a brief but enlightening overview (just 72 pages) of the state of AI geopolitics in the world. Entire chapters are allocated to the old and new geopolitical poles of Russia and China each and a similar number of pages to the United States, with a few mentions of relevant western democracies. But the summaries for each state are mostly policy history and a synthesis of each country's recently stated AI strategy, without too much practical context. For the depth and nuance of which uses of AI technology or which companies may require critical attention and why, a little is offered with regards to China but otherwise this area isn't covered in detail.
Using examples of AI technology in China and Saudi Arabia which appear morally reprehensible to any western democrat, the author highlights the most important argument for policy makers to consider. That argument is: considering how these technologies can be designed to be used in stark contravention to democratic and human rights and considering how AI technology is poised to permeate so many critical areas of industry and society, it is justified that democratic states should work to ensure there is a strong and distinct ecosystem with adequate talent and supply chains for AI technologies that are imbued with respect for the ethical and humanistic values unique to democratic societies. Else, risk facing unique national and personal security threats or perhaps even worse, debilitating tech-lash from a population subject to the whims of those controlling AI technologies from non-democratic societies operating unconcerned with western or democratic moralities and expectations of constraints on their applications.
This book achieves two important things. First, it demystifies contemporary AI technologies for public servants and analysts working on international affairs and second, it makes it very clear that the geopolitical power and threats posed by different possible futures of political control and influence over these technologies is now a permanent feature of the global geopolitical reality and that this has been recognised, though perhaps not yet well understood, by many of the world's most important power-player states.
Perhaps its still too early in the proliferation of this technology to expect a book such as this one could paint a complete picture or theory of geopolitical AI technology power. It makes for a great starter for the geopolitical dimension of the practical discourse of how AI technology proliferation is beginning to affect our world. I will be looking forward to any second book from Michael Kanaan in this theme, 'T-Minus AI' having very effectively set the stage, readers of this book will certainly be ready for participating in the complex and rich discourse on AI technology geopolitics yet to come.
August 26, 2020
“T-Minus AI” by Michael Kanaan was fascinating, eye-opening, well-researched, and articulately written. This phenomenal book was written from Kanaan’s point of view and captures his research and vast knowledge on AI from the beginning of time to date. Three parts covered in this book consisted of the “evolution of intelligence, twenty-first-century computing and AI, and the sovereign state of AI.”
Kanaan’s book not only delivers but exceeded the goal of enhancing my understanding of AI. Throughout the book, Kanaan does a great job explaining the history of AI from the beginning, the rapid progression of AI over the years, the significance and complexity of AI, and the magnitude AI has had on the geopolitical landscape. Keep an open mind as you read this thought-provoking book because you will be presented with examples of failures as well as successes; nevertheless, there are more lessons to be learned.
One of many areas in the book, I found interesting and concerning at the same time is China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) strategy and the role AI has played in this strategy. “The BRI is intended to be a system of connectivity and economic influence to reestablish China as the most dominant trade and economic hub in the world.” (p. 169) I admit, I was not familiar with BRI prior to reading this book, but I am now, and have a better understanding of the significance AI technology has in this strategy, the impact the execution of this strategy has had globally to date, and the potential implications this strategy can have in the future.
Another area in the book, I thought was fascinating and genuinely concerning is how AI technology can be biased based on the data inputted into the technology. “When our thoughts, preferences, and actions are memorialized in the data we create, so too are the biases upon which they’re based.” (p.137) Kanaan provides examples of areas in which AI technology has been used to profile minorities some accidentally with unintended outcomes and others purposely with intended consequences.
“The future is here, and the world ahead looks far different than ever before.” (p. XIX) Reading this book, reiterates the importance of being aware of emerging AI technologies, the implications of those technologies, and the impact those technologies will have on the economy not only here in the United States but globally. I felt this book was exceptionally strong in research and historical data. As you read the book, you will notice the extent of research Kanaan devoted to this book. There are many references to delve further into the topic.
I give “T-Minus AI” a 5/5. I really enjoyed reading this book and learned a great deal about AI. I highly recommend government employees, i.e., military, and civilian read this thought-provoking book. This book should be required reading for all services. This is a book that will stay on my bookshelf for years to come.
Kanaan’s book not only delivers but exceeded the goal of enhancing my understanding of AI. Throughout the book, Kanaan does a great job explaining the history of AI from the beginning, the rapid progression of AI over the years, the significance and complexity of AI, and the magnitude AI has had on the geopolitical landscape. Keep an open mind as you read this thought-provoking book because you will be presented with examples of failures as well as successes; nevertheless, there are more lessons to be learned.
One of many areas in the book, I found interesting and concerning at the same time is China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) strategy and the role AI has played in this strategy. “The BRI is intended to be a system of connectivity and economic influence to reestablish China as the most dominant trade and economic hub in the world.” (p. 169) I admit, I was not familiar with BRI prior to reading this book, but I am now, and have a better understanding of the significance AI technology has in this strategy, the impact the execution of this strategy has had globally to date, and the potential implications this strategy can have in the future.
Another area in the book, I thought was fascinating and genuinely concerning is how AI technology can be biased based on the data inputted into the technology. “When our thoughts, preferences, and actions are memorialized in the data we create, so too are the biases upon which they’re based.” (p.137) Kanaan provides examples of areas in which AI technology has been used to profile minorities some accidentally with unintended outcomes and others purposely with intended consequences.
“The future is here, and the world ahead looks far different than ever before.” (p. XIX) Reading this book, reiterates the importance of being aware of emerging AI technologies, the implications of those technologies, and the impact those technologies will have on the economy not only here in the United States but globally. I felt this book was exceptionally strong in research and historical data. As you read the book, you will notice the extent of research Kanaan devoted to this book. There are many references to delve further into the topic.
I give “T-Minus AI” a 5/5. I really enjoyed reading this book and learned a great deal about AI. I highly recommend government employees, i.e., military, and civilian read this thought-provoking book. This book should be required reading for all services. This is a book that will stay on my bookshelf for years to come.
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