BOOK I. ROMAN HISTORY BEFORE CAESAR. CHAPTER I. ROME UNDER THE KINGS.
I. THE KINGS FOUND THE ROMAN INSTITUTIONS 1 II. SOCIAL ORGANISATION 3 III. POLITICAL ORGANISATION 6 IV. RELIGION 15 V. RESULTS OBTAINED BY ROYALTY 20
CHAPTER II. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CONSULAR REPUBLIC (244-416). I. ADVANTAGE OP THE REPUBLIC 25 II. INSTITUTIONS OF THE REPUBLIC , 31 III. TRANSFORMATION OF THE ARISTOCRACY 36 IV. ELEMENTS OF DISSOLUTION 42 V. RESUME 63
CHAPTER III. CONQUEST OF ITALY (416-488). I. DESCRIPTION OF ITALY 62 II. DISPOSITIONS OF THE PEOPLE OF ITALY IN REGARD TO ROME... 65 III. TREATMENT OF THE VANQUISHED PEOPLES 68 IV. SUBMISSION OF LATIUM AFTER THE FIRST SAMNITE WAR 75 V. SECOND SAMNITE WAR 78 VI. THIRD SAMNITE WAR COALITION OF SAMNITES, ETRUSCANS, UMBRIANS, AND HERNICI (443-449) 82 VII. FOURTH SAMNITE WAR SECOND COALITION OF THE SAMNITES, ETRUSCANS, UMBRIANS, AND GAULS (456-464) 85 VIII. THIRD COALITION OF THE ETRUSCANS, GAULS, LUCANIANS, AND TARENTUM (469-474) 88 IX. PYRRHUS IN ITALY SUBMISSION OF TARENTUM (474-488) 89 X. PREPONDERANCE OF ROME 92 XL STRENGTH OF THE INSTITUTIONS 97
CHAPTER IV. PROSPERITY OF THE .BASIN OF THE MEDITERRANEAN BEFORE THE PUNIC WARS. I. COMMERCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN 104 II. NORTHERN AFRICA 105 III. SPAIN 110 IV. SOUTHERN GAUL 114 V. LIGURIA, CISALPINE GAUL, VENETIA, AND ILLTRIA 115 VI. EPIRUS 118 VII. GREECE 119 VIII. MACEDONIA 124 IX. ASIA MINOR 126 X. KINGDOM OF PONTUS 127 XI. BITHYNIA 130 XII. CAPPADOCIA 131 XIII. KINGDOM OF PERGAMUS 132 XIV. CARIA, LYCIA, AND CILICIA 135 XV. SYRIA 137 XVI. EGYPT 143 XVII. CYRENAICA 14G XVIII. CYPRUS 147 XIX. CRETE 148 XX. RHODES 148 XXI. SARDINIA 151 XXII. CORSICA 152 XXIII. SICILY 152
CHAPTER V. PUNIC WARS AND WARS OF MACEDONIA AND ASIA (488-621). I. COMPARISON BETWEEN ROME AND CARTHAGE 155 II. FIRST PUNIC WAR (490-513) 158 III. WAR OF ILLYRIA (525) 165 IV. INVASION OF THE CISALPINES (528) 167 V. SECOND PUNIC WAR (536-552) 169 VI. RESULTS OF THE SECOND PUNIC WAR 182 VII. THE MACEDONIAN WAR (554) 189 VIII. WAR AGAINST ANTIOCHUS (563) 194 IX. THE WAR IN THE CISALPINE (558-579) 196 X. WAR AGAINST PERSIA (583) 199 XI. MODIFICATION OF ROMAN POLICY 204 XII. THIRD PUNIC WAR (605-608)... 212 XIII. GREECE, MACEDONIA, NUMANTIA, AND PERGAMUS REDUCED TO PROVINCES 215 XIV. SUMMARY... .... 219
CHAPTER VI. THE GRACCHI, MARIUS, AND SYLLA (621-676). I. STATE OF THE REPUBLIC 224 II. TIBERIUS GRACCHUS (621) 232 III. CAIUS GRACCHUS (631) 238 IV. WAR OF JUGURTHA (637) 246 V. MARIUS (647) 249 VI. WARS OF THE ALLIES 256 VII. SYLLA (666) 262 VIII. EFFECTS OF SYLLA'S DICTATORSHIP 278
BOOK II. HISTORY OF JULIUS CAESAR. CHAPTER I. (654-684.) I. FIRST YEARS OF CAESAR ,... 281 II. CESAR PERSECUTED BY SYLLA (672) 290 III. OESAR IN ASIA (673, 674) 293 IV. CESAR ON HIS RETURN TO ROME (676) 296 V. CESAR GOES TO RHODES (678-680) 299 VI. CESAR PONTIFF AND MILITARY TRIBUNE (680-684) 302
CHAPTER II. (684-691.) I. STATE OF THE REPUBLIC (684) 307 II. CONSULSHIP OF POMPEY AND CRASSUS 316 III. CESAR QU^STOR (686) 323 IV. THE GABINIAN LAW (687) 327 V. THE MANILIAN LAW (688) 330 VI. CESAR CURULE. ^DILE (689) 334 VII. CESAR Judex Qucestionis (660) 339 VIII. CONSPIRACIES AGAINST THE SENATE (690) 340 IX. THE DIFFICULTY OF CONSTITUTING A NEW PARTY 342
CHAPTER III. (691-695.) I. CICERO AND ANTONIUS CONSULS (691) 345 II. AGRARIAN LAW OF RULLUS 347 III. TRIAL OF RABIRIUS (691) 352 IV. CESAR GRAND PONTIFF (691) 354 V. CATILINE'S CONSPIRACY 357 VI. ERROR OF CICERO. 379 VII. CESAR PRACTOR (692) 381 VIII. ATTEMPT OF CLODIUS (692) 386 IX. POMPEY'S TRIUMPHAL RETURN*(692) 388 X. DESTINY REGULATES EVENTS 397
CHAPTER IV. (693-695.) I. CAESAR PROPRETOR IN SPAIN (693) 402 II. CAESAR DEMANDS A TRIUMPH AND THE CONSULSHIP (694) 409 III. ALLIANCE OF CAESAR, POMPEY, AND CRASSUS 413 IV. CAESAR'S ELECTION 418
CHAPTER V. CONSULSHIP OF CAESAR AND BIBULUS (695). I. ATTEMPTS AT CONCILIATION 421 II. AGRARIAN LAWS 424 III. CAESAR'S VARIOUS LAWS 432 IV. CESAR RECEIVES THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GAULS 445 V. OPPOSITION OF THE PATRICIANS 448 VI. LAW OF CLODIUS EXILE OF CICERO 456 VII. THE EXPLANATION OF CESAR'S CONDUCT 460
Napoleon III, originally Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, known as Louis Napoleon, a nephew of Napoleon I Bonaparte, led the opposition to Louis Philippe as president of the second Republic from 1848, proclaimed emperor of the French from 1852, instituted reforms, and rebuilt Paris; a failed campaign in Mexico from 1861 to 1867 overshadowed his successful ventures, and the Prussian war resulted in his deposition in 1870 before it ended in 1871.
Georges Eugène Haussmann oversaw numerous municipal improvements to Paris during the tenure of Napoleon III.