This book is the memoir of Bao Dai, the last emperor of Vietnam. Written by a ghostwriter, it tells the story of his life, focusing mainly on his time as Emperor, from 1926 to 1945, his abdication, and his return to power in 1949. It aims to present Bao Dai in the most favorable light it can — as a smart, patient leader who cared about the people and the independence of his country more than about power. Such a depiction definitely contrasts with what other biographical sources have to say about him.
According to this memoir, he was a mature young man who understood his duty and embraced his responsibilities as a crown prince. He allegedly was ready to become Emperor after his father, Khai Dinh, passed away in 1926, and it was only because he needed to complete his studies in France that Bao Dai remained in Paris until 1932. The real story was different, though. His easy, comfortable life in France turned the young monarch into a French dandy, more suited for pleasures than politics. Tennis, cards, girls, and cars interested him way more than political science. When the time came for him to return to Vietnam, he did not want to go — his French guardian, Mr. Eugene Charles, former Superior Resident of Indochina, together with the Minister of Colonies, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Superior Resident Yves Chattel, and the President of France himself had to pressure him into agreeing to go back.
In his version of events, Bao Dai was also independent at all times. Every reform he initiated, every important political decision he made — they were all his initiatives. Every meeting he had with other political figures is recounted only to demonstrate how he outsmarted them. But this was not actually so. The progressive reforms he introduced, such as abolishing the kowtow, were dictated to him by the French, who wanted to Westernize the Emperor and the Court of Annam. He dedicated little time to politics as he was way more concerned with hunting and his elephant herd. He collaborated with whoever was in power — the French, then the Japanese — and he only wanted to be left to enjoy a life of pleasures and luxury. Most notably, he did not abdicate in 1945 because, as he claims, he saw that Ho Chi Minh and his men could be better leaders of independent Vietnam, but because he was afraid that the Communists would kill him like they killed others who opposed them.
Interesting is that he almost completely excludes his wife, Nam Phuong, from the narrative. Although she was known to have actively participated in politics and advised him on important matters, he does not mention her. For instance, she was in the imperial palace with him when he made the decision to abdicate and might have even influenced this decision, but his memoir makes it seem like she was not there at all.
He also says that he abolished imperial polygamy, which had been a tradition in the Annamite Court, because having just one wife was more convenient for him. However, making Nam Phuong his only wife was actually one of the conditions of Nam Phuong’s family, without fulfilling which he could not have married her. He agreed because he really wanted to marry that wealthy heiress. He does not mention his numerous mistresses either. Reading that he liked being alone during his hunting trips is amusing — it is known that many women “hunted” with him.
Furthermore, Bao Dai presents his selfish actions as selfless ones. When he became head of state again in what became known as the Bao Dai experiment, he allied with the Binh Xuyen, the most powerful criminal gang in Vietnam. He allowed them to re-open operate the Big World, the biggest gambling and pleasure house in Asia at the time. According to him, he did so because Bay Vien, the gang’s leader, demanded it in return for his help, and Bao Dai needed his help to fight the Communists. This actually was not Bao Dai’s motive, though. Money was his main motivator, as the gambling house earned him a profit of 1.2 million piasters.
LE DRAGON D’ANNAM greatly misrepresents Bao Dai’s personality and exaggerates his achievements. Aside from some interesting depictions of his childhood, wedding, and the time he spent as Supreme Adviser to Ho Chi Minh’s government, nothing in this memoir should be considered a good biographical source. This book is as compelling as a novel, though, and it can be read as such.