The Rage of Party: How Whig versus Tory made modern Britain

by George Owers

The late 17th century saw the rise of a new phenomenon that would transform Britain party politics.
Beginning with a furious dispute over whether to allow a Roman Catholic - James II - to become king, the division between Whig and Tory marked the chief political battlelines of a ferociously polarised country for several tumultuous generations.

The Rage of Party traces the thrilling story of how these two parties - one representing the established social forces of squire, church and monarchy; the other the rising forces of financial power and Protestant Dissent - settled the defining debates of the age, culminating in a dramatic fight to the death over peace, piety and the Protestant Succession in the age of Queen Anne. Their bitter disputes over religion, economics and the constitution profoundly influenced many of the forces and institutions that shaped the modern world, ranging from the City of London and the Bank of England to the Union between England and Scotland and the British Empire.

From vicious pamphlet wars and some of history's most corrupt and riotous elections through a revolution, multiple assassination attempts and enough scandals to make even the most louche modern politician blush, this brilliantly researched book shows how a motley crew of rakes, hypocrites, cunning tricksters and scheming clergymen engaged in not only in a political confrontation that threatened a second civil war, but a culture war that still finds echoes in 21st-century Britain.

Genres: History, Politics

576 pages, Hardcover

First published December 1, 2025

Reviews

[History Today]

What’s in a word? In 1965 the great Cambridge historian Professor (later Sir) J.H. Plumb delivered the Ford Lectures at Oxford, on the topic of political stability in 18th-century England. One of those lectures was titled ‘The Rage of Party’. In it, Plumb expressed profound suspicion of Lewis Namier’s famous thesis, then tremendously fashionable, that principles matter not a jot and the sole driver of 18th-century politics was individual lust for glory. One needed only to feel the heat rising from public debate in this era to appreciate the importance of Whig and Tory, argued Plumb: ‘Party was real and it created instability.’ Two years later, in 1967, Plumb’s greatest student, Geoffrey Holmes, published his masterpiece of historiography, British Politics in the Age of Anne, in which Plumb’s scepticism of the Namierite position morphed into something more subtle. For Holmes, it was fundamentally the structures of partisanship, not its passions, that defined the era. Plumb’s ‘rage of party’ became Holmes’ ‘age of party’.

Now the ‘rage’ is back. George Owers’ tremendously entertaining new book is an unabashedly narrative account of the twists and turns of Whig and Tory through a period of immense turmoil, both foreign (protracted wars with France and Spain) and domestic (a royal coup, a crisis of succession, and ten general elections within 25 years). In some respects, this is a deeply unfashionable endeavour. To be sure, there has been some excellent scholarship on the origins of party in areas such as intellectual history (recent work by Max Skjönsberg comes to mind), but narrative historians have typically found it difficult to articulate what was at stake in early 18th-century politics, particularly when set against the grand set pieces of the Civil Wars and Protectorate a generation earlier. Owers negotiates this problem with considerable brio, combining the high politics of court and parliament with a broader-brush history of ideas, religion, and culture. Equal attention is devoted to sex lives, medical ailments, and boozing as to parliamentary division lists and electoral tallies. It makes for a heady cocktail of policy and personality.

Read the rest of the review at https://www.historytoday.com/archive/...

Joseph Hone is the author of a book about Robert Harley, The Paper Chase: The Printer, the Spymaster, and the Hunt for the Rebel Pamphleteers (Chatto & Windus, 2020).

[Jason Wilson · Rating 4 out of 5]

An engaging look at the first decades of party Politics in Britain . After the restoration, the cavaliers sympathisers became the Tories - high church , pro Stuart and pro absolute monarchy of sorts . While the parliamentary sympathisers became the whigs and eventually the liberals - nonconformist or low church , pro the changes of regime brought by the glorious revolution . These were violent years politically .

Shades of grey of course- some Tories were happy to change from the Stuarts and Jonathan Swift, of Gullivers Travels fame cheerfully said he was religiously Tory but politically Whig .

Important stuff here - the glorious revolution, the union of Scotland end England ( shamelessly cynical on England’s part as it was designed to stop Scotland helping France rather than any benefit to them ) and the beginnings of modern medical science with inoculation. And lots of duels, riots and coffee .

[Alex Jones · Rating 5 out of 5]

Absolutely loved this book- not on an era I knew anything about but it is such a thrilling and accessible introduction into a world of political intrigue that was completely unknown to me. I desperately hope George Owers writes more books, and am sure this is a book I will turn to again.

[Simon Dane · Rating 3 out of 5]

Thorough and detailed history and well written. The shame is that for me, this is a period in British history that I just can’t get excited about.