If Nightjohn had all the dry makings of literary excellence but was too sparse to fulfill its potential, Sarny: A Life Remembered rectifies that by putting more meat on the story's bones. The book begins in 1930 with Sarny now at age ninety-four, in a home for old folks outside of Dallas, Texas, reflecting on the long, rich life she couldn't have imagined would be hers back in those early days as a slave on Clel Waller's Southern plantation. Sarny learned to read and write from John, a fellow slave, and now she's composing her memoirs for the enlightenment of future generations. She's tired after a century of euphoric ups and devastating downs, but Sarny isn't ready just yet to join her friends and family in the afterlife. She has a bit more to do before God beckons her into his eternal embrace.
Life on the Waller plantation didn't ease up any after John's departure. Waller tries to force Sarny to breed, but she refuses to be intimate with a man unless she's in love and married to him, and Waller's male slaves cooperate by pretending they've mated with her. By the time Sarny meets Martin, she's a young woman who views the strong, courageous slave with fresh eyes. She happily marries him and bears a daughter, Delie—named for Sarny's beloved mammy from Nightjohn—and a son, Tyler, but Martin lasts only a few years before Waller works him to death. As the Civil War commences, Waller takes to drinking and gambling, squandering enough of his fortune that he has to sell assets. One calamitous day Sarny watches him gather Delie and Tyler to be sold without their mother. Sarny wants to murder Waller on the spot, but she has to wait until Union soldiers break the Confederate resistance and stream down into Southern land, dispatching Waller like the old annoyance he is and liberating his slaves. Sarny inquires after her children and receives reliable indicators that they were sold down to New Orleans, Louisiana. Accompanied by Lucy, a slave in her late teens who loves Sarny and wouldn't think of leaving her, our protagonist starts on a walk of more than three hundred miles, with only vague hope of being reunited with Delie and Tyler.
The South is a war zone, and not everyone they meet is sympathetic to the emancipation of black slaves. Sarny and Lucy witness skirmishes between soldiers in blue and ones in gray, as heavy artillery and swords of steel release geysers of blood on the battlefields. Many soldiers are just teenagers, frightened of what awaits after death. Trying to walk more than thirty miles a day is exhausting, but Sarny is desperate to catch up to her children. She has to be careful, though; there's no telling what some men would do to her or a pretty girl like Lucy without any lawmen in sight to ensure they don't. Sarny has seen torment in her quarter century of life, but she catches a break en route to the Crescent City. A wealthy Southern lady named Miss Laura passes them in her wagon, and offers Sarny and Lucy employment for an impressive monthly sum. Miss Laura is headed home to New Orleans, and she promises to help Sarny track down her children if she signs on to work for her, not as a slave but as a consensual employee. This looks like the beginning of something good.
Signs of war are dissipating in New Orleans, and Miss Laura settles in at her mansion with Sarny and Lucy as her new domestic help. Miss Laura sends word through her contacts in the city that Sarny is looking for her kids, but it's a twist of pure happenstance that returns to Sarny what is rightfully hers, at the first of many elaborate parties Miss Laura hosts at the mansion. The Southern belle has satisfied the most intense longing of Sarny's heart within a matter of days; it's almost too sweet to believe that Sarny's haphazard journey to New Orleans ended this way. She has children to raise and a well-paying job in service to a woman who always opposed slavery. Miss Laura's profession may have morally dubious aspects, but Sarny is content to mind her own business. She ignores all warnings and sets up a school for blacks, children and adults alike, continuing John's legacy by teaching them to read. Miss Laura funds Sarny's entire project. Some white folks stand against Sarny's efforts to educate black citizens, but Miss Laura rebuilds the school time after time when Ku Klux Klan terrorists torch it. Even as Delie and Tyler grow into capable adults, Sarny finds her life purpose spreading a love of learning among the black population, starting in New Orleans and expanding across the country. Though tragedy isn't completely relegated to her past, Sarny derives joy from showing black men and women in America that they need not bow the knee to the benevolent bigotry of white overlords. Blacks can create any life they choose, and it starts with the written word.
"We each live in our own time...And we must do the best we can with our time. Those who came before weren't as lucky as us and we aren't as lucky as some who may come later. We must still live in our own time and do the best we can."
—Miss Laura, Sarny, P. 92
Slavery around the globe is a blight on human history. In the United States, the torture that some owners inflicted on their slaves is grotesque, but even "kind" owners were committing atrocity. The men, women, and kids imported from Africa as chattel had natural gifts to offer the world in every profession, but were prevented from doing so by having their labor stolen. They couldn't define and develop their talents because slave owners wouldn't let them. How much productivity was lost to America because this large portion of the populace was forbidden to put their skills on the open market for everyone's benefit? We'll never know what might have been, but Sarny's life demonstrates what could arise from a legitimate job offered to a pair of young ladies after years of slavery: Sarny and Lucy become wealthy through hard, honest work, as prosperous as anyone in the post-war South.
Though Sarny has reason to reflexively distrust and even hate all whites, she refuses to fall into the bitterness trap. On the road to New Orleans, still not sure if Delie and Tyler are alive, Sarny and Lucy watch a clash between Union and Confederate soldiers. Sarny recognizes the significance of blue versus gray uniforms, but Lucy hardly pays attention to that. "They're all white, ain't they? I hope they all kill each other. Wouldn't bother me if every damn one of them died." Lucy's feeling is understandable, but Sarny won't lump all the men together. "They're all white but all whites ain't bad...Half of them are fighting to keep you in slavery but the other half are dressed in blue. Fighting to make you free. Fighting and dying and for you..." We make a critical error when we categorize people by skin color, assuming their values and history based on immutable characteristics rather than the color of the ideological garments they don. Blue versus gray in the Civil War was freedom versus tyranny, the battle for individuals to map their own destiny regardless of skin color and not be controlled by people who presumed the right to run their lives. By recognizing the true dividing point between good and evil, Sarny ensured she would never get the two mixed up over the course of her long life.
Gary Paulsen has written some outstanding historical fiction, The Rifle and Woods Runner being among his best. Sarny isn't a mind-blowing multigenerational saga like The Rifle, or as suspenseful as Woods Runner, but it's a platform for deep thought for any reader willing to reflect on the story. At times Sarny enjoys good fortune to an extent that teeters on unbelievable, but that tipping point is never crossed, and after a lifetime of cruel deprivation Sarny is entitled to some luck. She leverages her unassailable work ethic to get the most out of every opportunity, and that's the difference between Sarny and others who may have failed in her situation. This novel is vintage Gary Paulsen, a work of art that every kid of a certain age and above would benefit from. I know it had a positive impact on me.