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Modern Türkiye'nin Doğuşu
Ünlü otorite Bernard Lewis'in Türklerin son 250 yıldaki tüm çağdaşlaşma çabalarını tek bir ciltte detaylarıyla anlatıp yorumlayan klasik eseri, yazar tarafından güncellenmiş orijinal III. edisyondan çevirisiyle günümüz Türkçesinde.
Princeton Üniversitesi Yakındoğu Etüdleri profesörü Bernard Lewis, bu güncellenmiş klasik kaynak kitabında Türklerin son 250 yıldaki çağdaşlaşma serüvenini geniş bir kaynakçaya dayanarak yetkinlikle yorumluyor.
Türk milletinin bin yıl önce Çin'den vazgeçip İslamiyet'e yöneldiğinde başlamış olan batıya doğru yürüyüş, şimdi İslamî mirasın büyük bir bölümünden vazgeçerek Avrupa'ya yönelmiş ve yönetimde, toplumda ve kültürde Avrupaî yaşam tarzını benimseyip hayata geçirmek üzere kesiksiz, kararlı bir çabayı doğurmuştur.
Daha önce Türkçede yayınlanmamış güncel yeni ek bölümde Lewis, eserin ilk yayınlandığı 1961 yılından bu yana geçen 47 yıldaki gelişmeleri; Soğuk Savaş döneminin sona erişi, Türkiye'nin NATO üyeliği, Avrupa Birliği adaylığı ve Ortadoğu'daki ABD politikalarına reaksiyonlarını Radikal İslam tehdidini de göz ardı etmeden sunmaktadır.
Modern Türkiye'nin Doğuşu konunun duayeninden, son 250 yılımızı; Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun duraklama döneminden itibaren Türk çağdaşlaşma tarihini, Cumhuriyetin ilk ve engebeli yıllarını anlamlandırmak için başvurulabilecek güncellenmiş ve önemli bir kaynaktır.
Princeton Üniversitesi Yakındoğu Etüdleri profesörü Bernard Lewis, bu güncellenmiş klasik kaynak kitabında Türklerin son 250 yıldaki çağdaşlaşma serüvenini geniş bir kaynakçaya dayanarak yetkinlikle yorumluyor.
Türk milletinin bin yıl önce Çin'den vazgeçip İslamiyet'e yöneldiğinde başlamış olan batıya doğru yürüyüş, şimdi İslamî mirasın büyük bir bölümünden vazgeçerek Avrupa'ya yönelmiş ve yönetimde, toplumda ve kültürde Avrupaî yaşam tarzını benimseyip hayata geçirmek üzere kesiksiz, kararlı bir çabayı doğurmuştur.
Daha önce Türkçede yayınlanmamış güncel yeni ek bölümde Lewis, eserin ilk yayınlandığı 1961 yılından bu yana geçen 47 yıldaki gelişmeleri; Soğuk Savaş döneminin sona erişi, Türkiye'nin NATO üyeliği, Avrupa Birliği adaylığı ve Ortadoğu'daki ABD politikalarına reaksiyonlarını Radikal İslam tehdidini de göz ardı etmeden sunmaktadır.
Modern Türkiye'nin Doğuşu konunun duayeninden, son 250 yılımızı; Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun duraklama döneminden itibaren Türk çağdaşlaşma tarihini, Cumhuriyetin ilk ve engebeli yıllarını anlamlandırmak için başvurulabilecek güncellenmiş ve önemli bir kaynaktır.
694 pages, Paperback
First published September 15, 1969
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About the author
Bernard Lewis
157 books497 followersLibrarian Note: There is more than one author by this name in the Goodreads database.
Bernard Lewis was the Cleveland E. Dodge Professor of Near Eastern Studies Emeritus at Princeton University and the author of many critially acclaimed and bestselling books, including two number one New York Times bestsellers: What Went Wrong? and Crisis of Islam. The Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2,000 Years was a National Book Critics Circle Award finalist. Internationally recognized as the greatest historian of the Middle East, he received fifteen honorary doctorates and his books have been translated into more than twenty languages.
Bernard Lewis was the Cleveland E. Dodge Professor of Near Eastern Studies Emeritus at Princeton University and the author of many critially acclaimed and bestselling books, including two number one New York Times bestsellers: What Went Wrong? and Crisis of Islam. The Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2,000 Years was a National Book Critics Circle Award finalist. Internationally recognized as the greatest historian of the Middle East, he received fifteen honorary doctorates and his books have been translated into more than twenty languages.
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February 21, 2014
With the obvious exception of Edward Said’s Orientalism, few works of Middle Eastern history have been subject to such fervent debates as Bernard Lewis’ The Emergence of Modern Turkey. In fact, it was Said’s book that contested the perception of Lewis’ extensive work as the paragon of scholarship in the field and re-envisioned it as paradigm of the Orientalist master narrative that was tied to a political agenda of subordinating the “East” as an inferior “other” for the benefit of the “West”. Any reader today will like find that there is truth in both of these sentiments: while its contribution as a historical survey of Turkey and the late Ottoman Empire remains almost unmatched today, its biases and misrepresentations are, with the advantage of Said’s hindsight, plainly evident.
After opening with some framing considerations, Lewis begins his chronicle with what he perceives to be the decline period of the Ottoman Empire, which was caused by inept rulers, the disintegration of military prowess, economic difficulties, and an Islamic mentality that refused to accept change. His narrative next examines how progressive ideas from the West began to seep in as the state decided that it must borrow Western military technologies and strategies in order to survive. Although the intent was to eschew Western thought during this process, ideas from the French Revolution began to filter in and were accepted (to an extent) because they lacked a Christian component. Sultan Selim III attempted to take advantage of this new infatuation by instigating significant military reforms, but his efforts were halted by the Janissaries, and it was not until the era of Mahmud II that more progress was made.
Mahmud II set out to eliminate all authority besides his own and, after succeeding in this aim everywhere except for Egypt and Greece, instituted new modernizing and Westernizing reforms in the military, education, the economy, communications, and society at large. These reforms continued through the Tanzimat period and several sultans, which led to the formation of societies that believed in a restructuring of the relationship between the sovereign and the subject. Spread by the printing press and the Young Ottomans, the most prominent of these groups, new liberal ideas led to the formation of a constitution in 1876, one that was suspended at Sultan Abdulhamid’s first opportunity. This constitution, which was bound to the will of the sultan, was seen as “window-dressing” to the Young Ottomans, who believed that the only way to resist foreign encroachment was to form parliamentary government and return to the “true spirit” of Islam.
Although Abdulhamid enacted some reforms in the educational and judiciary branches, his repressive policies led to the formation of a new group, the Young Turks, who sought to dethrone the sultan and redefine power relationships. The Young Turks gained influence and eventually split into two factions, Ottomanist and Turkist, the latter of whom gained the support of the army and eventually restored the constitution in 1908. Lewis then chronicles the uneven fortunes of the Committee of Union and Progress government, from Abdulhamid’s counterrevolution and deposition in 1909, through the military dictatorship of 1913-1918, to the CUP’s destruction at the conclusion of World War I. Although generally seeing the Young Turk regime as repressive, Lewis does highlight several of their achievements, including the framework they provided for local and provincial governments, their contributions to municipal public works, their (relative) elevation of the status of women, and their revival of intellectual and cultural life.
Dismayed with the Treaty of Sèvres, army officer Mustafa Kemal formed the Association for the Defence of Eastern Anatolia and a movement for Turkish nationalism to struggle against allied occupiers. He eventually established a new parliament, the Grand National Assembly, in Ankara as a rival to the central government in Istanbul and led an army into battle against the occupation. He succeeded in his aims, abolished the sultanate, and founded a new state in 1923, before turning his attention to the caliphate, which was eradicated in 1924. Steps were then made to secularize and westernize the state and Kemal toyed with the idea of allowing a multi-party democracy, but rejected this on the basis that the new nation is too fragile to survive without strong rule. Instead, in 1930, he announced six principles on which the nation will be based: republicanism, nationalism, populism, etatism, secularism, and revolution. Lewis concludes that Kemal’s legacy was one of a dictator, but not of one who induced terror and fear.
Following Kemal’s death in 1938, Lewis’ chronological study takes him to 1950, and he analyzes the republic’s international relationships and path towards democracy up until this period. The second section of his book departs from this narrative and turns towards an examination of the changes that affected society during the period he has just concluded studying. The obvious transformation is Kemal’s support of Turkism, over Islamism or Turanism, to replace Ottomanism as the basis of the nation, but Lewis also covers the nature of the constitution, secularizing and Westernizing reforms, and the development of a class structure and a labor movement.
In all of this, Lewis’ contribution to the historiography is undeniable. That this book is still reprinted and used at the university level is a testament to the wealth of information and analysis that can be found within its pages. It is tarnished, however, by a noticeable bias wherein Islam is seen as backwards and obstacle to progress and the Middle Easterner can only be saved by accepting the relentless march of civilization and progress that emerges from the West. His narrative is one of unidirectional decline, until the “West” is accepted and is able to transform the society into a “modern” one that follows the path denoted by the Western model. After reading this book, therefore, it becomes obvious why Said singled out Lewis as one of the worst offenders in the realm of “Orientalist” scholarship. From a methodological standpoint, it should also be noted that this history is written from a high political point of view, and the effects of changes on the population, as well as “popular” activities, are ignored or deemed inconsequential. Structurally, I found the book to be disorganized, and felt that the sheer volume of redundancy in the last quarter could have been reduced by integrating his discussion concerning societal change into the chronological narrative, even at the risk of straying off said narrative’s path. Overall, The Emergence of Modern Turkey is an invaluable resource in understanding Turkey from its origins in the late Ottoman Empire, but one that has become very outdated after over half a century. It is essential reading for anyone studying modern Turkey, but one that requires a great deal of supplemental material and contextualization in order to become an effective piece in one’s academic toolkit.
After opening with some framing considerations, Lewis begins his chronicle with what he perceives to be the decline period of the Ottoman Empire, which was caused by inept rulers, the disintegration of military prowess, economic difficulties, and an Islamic mentality that refused to accept change. His narrative next examines how progressive ideas from the West began to seep in as the state decided that it must borrow Western military technologies and strategies in order to survive. Although the intent was to eschew Western thought during this process, ideas from the French Revolution began to filter in and were accepted (to an extent) because they lacked a Christian component. Sultan Selim III attempted to take advantage of this new infatuation by instigating significant military reforms, but his efforts were halted by the Janissaries, and it was not until the era of Mahmud II that more progress was made.
Mahmud II set out to eliminate all authority besides his own and, after succeeding in this aim everywhere except for Egypt and Greece, instituted new modernizing and Westernizing reforms in the military, education, the economy, communications, and society at large. These reforms continued through the Tanzimat period and several sultans, which led to the formation of societies that believed in a restructuring of the relationship between the sovereign and the subject. Spread by the printing press and the Young Ottomans, the most prominent of these groups, new liberal ideas led to the formation of a constitution in 1876, one that was suspended at Sultan Abdulhamid’s first opportunity. This constitution, which was bound to the will of the sultan, was seen as “window-dressing” to the Young Ottomans, who believed that the only way to resist foreign encroachment was to form parliamentary government and return to the “true spirit” of Islam.
Although Abdulhamid enacted some reforms in the educational and judiciary branches, his repressive policies led to the formation of a new group, the Young Turks, who sought to dethrone the sultan and redefine power relationships. The Young Turks gained influence and eventually split into two factions, Ottomanist and Turkist, the latter of whom gained the support of the army and eventually restored the constitution in 1908. Lewis then chronicles the uneven fortunes of the Committee of Union and Progress government, from Abdulhamid’s counterrevolution and deposition in 1909, through the military dictatorship of 1913-1918, to the CUP’s destruction at the conclusion of World War I. Although generally seeing the Young Turk regime as repressive, Lewis does highlight several of their achievements, including the framework they provided for local and provincial governments, their contributions to municipal public works, their (relative) elevation of the status of women, and their revival of intellectual and cultural life.
Dismayed with the Treaty of Sèvres, army officer Mustafa Kemal formed the Association for the Defence of Eastern Anatolia and a movement for Turkish nationalism to struggle against allied occupiers. He eventually established a new parliament, the Grand National Assembly, in Ankara as a rival to the central government in Istanbul and led an army into battle against the occupation. He succeeded in his aims, abolished the sultanate, and founded a new state in 1923, before turning his attention to the caliphate, which was eradicated in 1924. Steps were then made to secularize and westernize the state and Kemal toyed with the idea of allowing a multi-party democracy, but rejected this on the basis that the new nation is too fragile to survive without strong rule. Instead, in 1930, he announced six principles on which the nation will be based: republicanism, nationalism, populism, etatism, secularism, and revolution. Lewis concludes that Kemal’s legacy was one of a dictator, but not of one who induced terror and fear.
Following Kemal’s death in 1938, Lewis’ chronological study takes him to 1950, and he analyzes the republic’s international relationships and path towards democracy up until this period. The second section of his book departs from this narrative and turns towards an examination of the changes that affected society during the period he has just concluded studying. The obvious transformation is Kemal’s support of Turkism, over Islamism or Turanism, to replace Ottomanism as the basis of the nation, but Lewis also covers the nature of the constitution, secularizing and Westernizing reforms, and the development of a class structure and a labor movement.
In all of this, Lewis’ contribution to the historiography is undeniable. That this book is still reprinted and used at the university level is a testament to the wealth of information and analysis that can be found within its pages. It is tarnished, however, by a noticeable bias wherein Islam is seen as backwards and obstacle to progress and the Middle Easterner can only be saved by accepting the relentless march of civilization and progress that emerges from the West. His narrative is one of unidirectional decline, until the “West” is accepted and is able to transform the society into a “modern” one that follows the path denoted by the Western model. After reading this book, therefore, it becomes obvious why Said singled out Lewis as one of the worst offenders in the realm of “Orientalist” scholarship. From a methodological standpoint, it should also be noted that this history is written from a high political point of view, and the effects of changes on the population, as well as “popular” activities, are ignored or deemed inconsequential. Structurally, I found the book to be disorganized, and felt that the sheer volume of redundancy in the last quarter could have been reduced by integrating his discussion concerning societal change into the chronological narrative, even at the risk of straying off said narrative’s path. Overall, The Emergence of Modern Turkey is an invaluable resource in understanding Turkey from its origins in the late Ottoman Empire, but one that has become very outdated after over half a century. It is essential reading for anyone studying modern Turkey, but one that requires a great deal of supplemental material and contextualization in order to become an effective piece in one’s academic toolkit.
September 18, 2021
Bernard Lewis's classic account of how the Turks in the Ottoman Empire and afterwards the Republic of Turkey dealt with modernization is somewhat dated - it was written over 50 years ago - and only deals with modern Turkey up to the election of 1950 when the ruling party was unseated. Be that as it may, this work is perhaps the best introduction in English to the problems and obstacles facing the Turkish people and their leadership in the modern era, and how they confronted and, by and large, managed to overcome them and create a Western-style republic and capitalist industrial economy in Turkey. Lewis is right to emphasize that Turkey is the only part of the Islamic world that was never conquered by a European imperial power (although the Arabian peninsula might also qualify) and that, as a long-standing empire on its own right, the Ottoman edifice was powerful and self-confident enough to react to military and territorial setbacks in the 18th century and onwards with a positive program of modernization, however halting. The Kemalist Revolution after the First World War was the Turks' response to threats from the outside to their national core and remains an impressive achievement, considering how poor and underdeveloped the country was. Looking at Turkey's achievements today make that Revolution all the more impressive, and Lewis's fine book will give you the knowledge to appreciate just how far the Turks have come and, more importantly, how they did it. He helpfully divides the book between an overall narrative and a section on various aspects of that modernization: government and state, religion and culture, class and elites, etc. A worthy and timeless work indeed.
August 3, 2018
Tarih sever biri olarak çok hoşlanarak ve sanki bir roman havasında okuyarak bitirdiğim yetkin ve derin araştırmaya dayanan kitap. Osmanlı'ın son dönemlerini de kapsamlı, tarafsız ve farklı açılardan aktaran takibinde Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün devrimci yanlarını baskın şekilde göstererek aktaran son derece faydalı olduğuna inandığım bir Türkiye tarih kitabı. Her Türk vatandaşının okumasını ve tarihimizi objektif bir göz ile değerlendirmesini isterim.
November 14, 2024
Easily one of the essential texts in English about modern Turkey, although Lewis' approach is at some points debatable, and the second part of the book could very smoothly have been integrated into the first part. Better books should be written, but this is absolutely recommended.
February 15, 2014
İşlediği çoğu konu Türk tezleriyle benzer olmasına rağmen, bilhassa Atatürk konusunda hem çok sivri eleştiri ve düşünceleri hem de övücü söylemleri var. İttihad ve Terakki'yi ecnebi bir kitaptan okumak farklı bir tecrübe . Ermeni Meselesi ve bir kaç başlığı okurken elimden atmak istediğim ama yinede okumaya devam edip bitirdiğim kitaptır .
June 24, 2019
Είναι ένα από τα κλασικά πλέον βιβλία για την ιστορία της Οθ. Αυτοκρατορία... που εστιάζει κυρίως στους προσπάθειες για ενίσχυση της κεντρικής εξουσίας, καθώς και στα ιδεολογικά ρεύματα των Νέο Οθωμανών και Νεοτουρκων που διαμόρφωσαν την έννοια του σύγχρονου Τούρκου.
Δεν κουράζει στιγμή και φεύγει "νερό". Υ.Σ αν θέλετε να διαβάσετε για τις γενοκτονίες που έλαβαν χώρα στην Οθ.Α αυτό το βιβλίο δεν θα σας ικανοποιήσει.
Δεν κουράζει στιγμή και φεύγει "νερό". Υ.Σ αν θέλετε να διαβάσετε για τις γενοκτονίες που έλαβαν χώρα στην Οθ.Α αυτό το βιβλίο δεν θα σας ικανοποιήσει.
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January 18, 2022Alanında yazılmış en başarılı, okuması en kolay kitaplardan birisi. Tarafsız olduğunu da düşünüyorum.
June 8, 2018
كتاب أكثر من قيم يتحدث عن تجربة تأسيس تركيا الحديثة ، جاءت غالبية احداثة عن الدولة العثمانية و سلاطينها و محاولة كل منهم مجارة فرنسا و الدول الأوروبية المختلفة خصوصا في المجال العسكرى.
بالرغم من من صورة اتاتورك على الغلاف الا ان الكاتب مر مرور الكرام على تركيا العلمانية ووزرائها االمتعاقبون.
يعاب على الكتاب الاسلوب الاكاديمى الذى قد يجده البعض ممل.
بالرغم من من صورة اتاتورك على الغلاف الا ان الكاتب مر مرور الكرام على تركيا العلمانية ووزرائها االمتعاقبون.
يعاب على الكتاب الاسلوب الاكاديمى الذى قد يجده البعض ممل.
August 24, 2018
tanzimattan günümüze türkiyenin tarihi. zaman zaman oryantalist bir bakış açısıyla yazıldığını gözümüzün içine soksa da bu konulara takılmadan okunması gerekli bu usta tarihçinin eseri. modern türkiyenin tarihini anlatan bu tarz kapsamlı eserlerin sayısının azlığı bu kitabın kıymetini daha da artıyor. doğru bilgiye ulaşmamız için özellikle bu tarz çalışmaların artması dileğiyle.
December 20, 2019
Osmanlı’dan günümüze cumhuriyetin, demokrasi ve bağımsızlık anlayışının evrildiği süreçler ve mücadeleler çok güzel anlatılmış. Şu an hala uğraştığımız sorunların kökeninin ilk Osmanlılar’dan gelerek nedenleri ile gösteriyor.
December 21, 2024
Türkiye'deki herkesin dikkatlice okuması ve okuduğunu anlatması gereken türden bir kitap. Özellikle ilk 400 sayfası. Şimdiye kadar tarih diye bize yutturulan bir sürü safsataymis meğer. Ha onlar yanlış da, bu mu doğru? Evet:) Çünkü daha akılcı, mantıklı izah edilmiş.
February 18, 2024
Very thorough and an interesting book. I've found a lot of history that I already knew about but also quite a lot of new stuff and interesting viewpoints. An abundant amount of source material to delve into if needed is also provided. Overall, very good academic reference material, as well as for enjoyment. Made me want to read Nutuk again.
May 20, 2016
I would consider this book as an important book to readers interested in Turkey, fall of the Ottoman empire, middle East modern history, reforming projects to Muslim communities. Therefore, would be a recommendation to citizens of the republic of Turkey and it's middle eastern neighbours as well as members of the Islamic world to understand one the main events that happened in their modern history.
The book is combined of two main parts or components.
In the first part named " Stages of Emergence " the author takes us back three centuries before the establishment of the Modern Turkish Republic when the signs of decline started to show up in the great Ottoman empire and starts a long and interesting historical journey rich in events, opinions, personal efforts and details reaching the final collapse of the empire and establishment of the Modern Turkish Republic ending at the year 1950 with the famous Democratic Party elections victory.
The second part is named " Aspects of Change". It describes how the change happened in various aspects covering community & nation, state & government, religion & culture , elite & class.
Before the two parts, the author starts the book with an interesting useful informative preface. A very important section " Introduction" on the sources of Turkish civilization which have direct impact on the citizens of the Modern Turkish Republic.
The conclusion at the end is equally important and useful with interesting views by the author of the long and successful journey as viewed by the author considering it a truly unique accomplishment to still continue in the future.
Again, this book is a high recommendation which is really rich in detail & views where the author displayed his talent & expertise in actually digging to the roots of the subject discussed and events described.
The book is combined of two main parts or components.
In the first part named " Stages of Emergence " the author takes us back three centuries before the establishment of the Modern Turkish Republic when the signs of decline started to show up in the great Ottoman empire and starts a long and interesting historical journey rich in events, opinions, personal efforts and details reaching the final collapse of the empire and establishment of the Modern Turkish Republic ending at the year 1950 with the famous Democratic Party elections victory.
The second part is named " Aspects of Change". It describes how the change happened in various aspects covering community & nation, state & government, religion & culture , elite & class.
Before the two parts, the author starts the book with an interesting useful informative preface. A very important section " Introduction" on the sources of Turkish civilization which have direct impact on the citizens of the Modern Turkish Republic.
The conclusion at the end is equally important and useful with interesting views by the author of the long and successful journey as viewed by the author considering it a truly unique accomplishment to still continue in the future.
Again, this book is a high recommendation which is really rich in detail & views where the author displayed his talent & expertise in actually digging to the roots of the subject discussed and events described.
May 22, 2018
The book could be considered as an ultimate reference to understand the roots of modern Turkey despite the fact that it brings different perspectives some of which are quite open to be challanged or falsified. Yet, it provides a unique source for those who want to figure out the journey of Turks towards modernity. As a Turk, I felt challanged or annoyed by some of the ideas; yet, that’s what happens when you are try to read your past from an outsider.
January 10, 2020
As a turkish I am I found this book amazing. I think every Turkish person must read it.
August 5, 2021
هذا الكتاب هو محاولة لفهم الظروف السياسية والاجتماعية التي ادت ظهور تركيا الكمالية الحديثة على انقاض الامبراطورية العثمانية، فيأخذنا الكاتب الى ما قبل مصطفى كمال اتاتورك وما بعد الثورة الفرنسية وبداية اكتساح الحضارة الغربية للدولة العثمانية حيث دخلت افكار غريبة جديدة وغريبة على المسلمين اثرت في النخب المثقفة وكذلك السياسيين واحيانا السلطان نفسه يكون متأثر بالغرب.
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ينقسم الكتاب لبابين كبيرين تحتوي عدد من الفصول وهما:
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١. مراحل الظهور وهذا الباب توضيح لحالة الدولة العثمانية في ضعفها وحالة الضعف هذه هي التي هيأت دخول افكار جديدة في سرد تاريخي من القرن التاسع عشر مرورا بالحرب العالمية الاولى ويمتد السرد الى ما بعد وفاة اتاتورك وبداية انفتاح سياسي بسيط في عهد عصمت إينونو بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية.
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٢. الباب الثاني يتكلم فيه الكاتب عن نواحي التغيير ويتكلم فيه عن التحول في تركبا من حيث النظرة للدين وحضور القومية التركية في وجدان الاتراك بدل من الانتماء للاسلام والتغيرات السياسية والاجتماعية الجذرية التي شعر بها الشعب.
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الكتاب قيم جدا خصوصا الباب الثاني حيث يستطيع الكاتب ان يتتبع كل نقطة كيف كانت وكيف تحولت بالتدريج على مدار مئة سنة، ورغم ذلك الحذر الحذر من القراءة لهذا الكاتب ولمن لا يعرف برنارد لويس هو مفكر يهودي صهيوني شديد الحقد على العرب والمسلمين ويهلل لاي تعامل عنيف مع المسلمين كما كان من اهم المفكرين الداعمين للحرب على العراق في ٢٠٠٣.
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كذلك النبرة الاستشراقية تجاه الاسلام واضحة جدا فالكاتب لا يهمه ان يجمل كلماته ولا يتوانى عن وصف المسلمين بالتخلف والرجعية ونحوه، ولكن اظن انه من المهم القراءة لمثل هؤلاء المفكرين لفهم عقلية العدو وكيف ينظر لنا.
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ينقسم الكتاب لبابين كبيرين تحتوي عدد من الفصول وهما:
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١. مراحل الظهور وهذا الباب توضيح لحالة الدولة العثمانية في ضعفها وحالة الضعف هذه هي التي هيأت دخول افكار جديدة في سرد تاريخي من القرن التاسع عشر مرورا بالحرب العالمية الاولى ويمتد السرد الى ما بعد وفاة اتاتورك وبداية انفتاح سياسي بسيط في عهد عصمت إينونو بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية.
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٢. الباب الثاني يتكلم فيه الكاتب عن نواحي التغيير ويتكلم فيه عن التحول في تركبا من حيث النظرة للدين وحضور القومية التركية في وجدان الاتراك بدل من الانتماء للاسلام والتغيرات السياسية والاجتماعية الجذرية التي شعر بها الشعب.
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الكتاب قيم جدا خصوصا الباب الثاني حيث يستطيع الكاتب ان يتتبع كل نقطة كيف كانت وكيف تحولت بالتدريج على مدار مئة سنة، ورغم ذلك الحذر الحذر من القراءة لهذا الكاتب ولمن لا يعرف برنارد لويس هو مفكر يهودي صهيوني شديد الحقد على العرب والمسلمين ويهلل لاي تعامل عنيف مع المسلمين كما كان من اهم المفكرين الداعمين للحرب على العراق في ٢٠٠٣.
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كذلك النبرة الاستشراقية تجاه الاسلام واضحة جدا فالكاتب لا يهمه ان يجمل كلماته ولا يتوانى عن وصف المسلمين بالتخلف والرجعية ونحوه، ولكن اظن انه من المهم القراءة لمثل هؤلاء المفكرين لفهم عقلية العدو وكيف ينظر لنا.
September 18, 2024
Büyük ölçüde tarafsız yazılmış bir kitap. Yazar, Devlet-i Aliyye'nin son dönemlerindeki, bilhassa II. Abdülhamid'in hüküm sürdüğü istibdat dönemini eleştirmekten ve menfi yönlerini serimlemekten çekinmemiştir. Osmanlı'yı batılılaştırma ve medeni bir devlet haline getirme gayretinde olan figürlerin ülkeye olan tesirlerini de tarihsel olarak anlaşılır bir aktarmış. Başta Mustafa Kemal olmak üzere, bağımsız bir Türkiye için mücadele edenlerin modern Türkiye'nin oluşumundaki katkıları ve onların yaptıkları reformlar neticesindeki Türkiye'nin yol aldığı ciheti, özellikle de Batılı emperyalistlerin hakimiyeti altında geri kalmış devletlerle mukayese edildiğinde göze çarpan bu ciddi farklılıklar iyi bir şekilde ortaya konmuş.
Kendi tarihimizle ilgili, özellikle de devletimize müspet ya da menfi büyük etkileri olan kişilerin, olayların ve dönemlerin irdelendiği tarihe yönelik tarafsız bir kaynağın, işin erbabı -tıpkı Lewis gibi- yabancı tarihçiler tarafından ortaya konacağı kanaatindeyim. En azından tarafsız bir tarih yazımı tutumu yabancı yazarlar tarafından daha kolay olacaktır. Zira zihinlerini belli doğrulara şartlandırmış, önyargılarla yaklaşan sözüm ona bazı tarihçiler, tarih yazımında bazı olayları ya da kişileri kendi zihinlerinde bulunan doğru anlayışınlarındaki kılıfa uydurmak için tarihi eğip bükmekte, âdeta bambaşka bir şey ortaya koymaktadır.
Nitekim, Atatürk belki de hakkında en çok kitap yazılan ve çarpıtılan figürlerden birisidir. Ekseriyetle kendilerini sözümona Kemalist olarak tanımlayanlar tarafından onun hakkında uydurulan yalanlar ya da kimi yazarların onu kendi fantezilerine uydurmaya çalışmalarıyla ortaya çıkan tahrifler yüzünden Atatürk'ün miras bıraktığı ya da bırakmak istediği düşünce yapısı veya mentalite gölgede kalmış, unutmaya yüz tuttu. İşte, onun gelecek nesillerden beklediği yeni zaferler, maalesef ki günümüzde pek hatıra gelmiş görünmüyor:
"Ordumuzun şimdiye kadar elde ettiği zaferler memleketimizi gerçek bir kuruluşa götürmüş sayılmaz. Bu zaferler ancak müstakbel zaferimiz için kıymetli bir zemin hazırlamıştır. Askeri zaferlerimizle mağrur olmayalım. Yeni ilim ve iktisat zaferlerine hazırlanalım."
Kendi tarihimizle ilgili, özellikle de devletimize müspet ya da menfi büyük etkileri olan kişilerin, olayların ve dönemlerin irdelendiği tarihe yönelik tarafsız bir kaynağın, işin erbabı -tıpkı Lewis gibi- yabancı tarihçiler tarafından ortaya konacağı kanaatindeyim. En azından tarafsız bir tarih yazımı tutumu yabancı yazarlar tarafından daha kolay olacaktır. Zira zihinlerini belli doğrulara şartlandırmış, önyargılarla yaklaşan sözüm ona bazı tarihçiler, tarih yazımında bazı olayları ya da kişileri kendi zihinlerinde bulunan doğru anlayışınlarındaki kılıfa uydurmak için tarihi eğip bükmekte, âdeta bambaşka bir şey ortaya koymaktadır.
Nitekim, Atatürk belki de hakkında en çok kitap yazılan ve çarpıtılan figürlerden birisidir. Ekseriyetle kendilerini sözümona Kemalist olarak tanımlayanlar tarafından onun hakkında uydurulan yalanlar ya da kimi yazarların onu kendi fantezilerine uydurmaya çalışmalarıyla ortaya çıkan tahrifler yüzünden Atatürk'ün miras bıraktığı ya da bırakmak istediği düşünce yapısı veya mentalite gölgede kalmış, unutmaya yüz tuttu. İşte, onun gelecek nesillerden beklediği yeni zaferler, maalesef ki günümüzde pek hatıra gelmiş görünmüyor:
"Ordumuzun şimdiye kadar elde ettiği zaferler memleketimizi gerçek bir kuruluşa götürmüş sayılmaz. Bu zaferler ancak müstakbel zaferimiz için kıymetli bir zemin hazırlamıştır. Askeri zaferlerimizle mağrur olmayalım. Yeni ilim ve iktisat zaferlerine hazırlanalım."
April 21, 2023
“Modern Türkiye’nin Doğuşu”nu bitiremedim.Ama o kadar güzel ve öğretici, ders verici ki öyle hızlı hızlı okunmaması gerekiyor, sindire sindire ilerliyorum.
Mesela 1919da İtilaf devletlerine teslim olmamızın ardından Fransız Generalin tıpkı Fatih Sultan Mehmet gibi İstanbul’a at ile girmesi benim içimi acıttı, veya Avrupada ihtilaller ile teknolojik/sanayi/sanatta olan gelişmelerde sadece sanatta olanını almak, İlk devrimcilerden, Jön Türklere, Namık Kemal-Ziya Paşa’nın yazıları,şiirleri, Mustafa Kemal ve silah arkadaşlarının bu aydınlanma sürecini Harp Okulu’ndaki yatakhanelerde gizlice okunan sürgündeki Jön Türklerin eserleri ile katılması gibi...
Daha bitiremedim ama bundan sonrası daha heyecanlı, savaşlar süngü ile kazanılır fakat fikir savaşlarının hangi yöntemlerle aşılacağını merakla okuyacağım🍀
Mesela 1919da İtilaf devletlerine teslim olmamızın ardından Fransız Generalin tıpkı Fatih Sultan Mehmet gibi İstanbul’a at ile girmesi benim içimi acıttı, veya Avrupada ihtilaller ile teknolojik/sanayi/sanatta olan gelişmelerde sadece sanatta olanını almak, İlk devrimcilerden, Jön Türklere, Namık Kemal-Ziya Paşa’nın yazıları,şiirleri, Mustafa Kemal ve silah arkadaşlarının bu aydınlanma sürecini Harp Okulu’ndaki yatakhanelerde gizlice okunan sürgündeki Jön Türklerin eserleri ile katılması gibi...
Daha bitiremedim ama bundan sonrası daha heyecanlı, savaşlar süngü ile kazanılır fakat fikir savaşlarının hangi yöntemlerle aşılacağını merakla okuyacağım🍀
August 3, 2025
Bana göre bugüne kadar Türk modernleşmesi üzerine yazılmış en kapsamlı ve açıklayıcı eser. Günümüzde ve yakın dönem siyasetteki gelişmeleri daha iyi tahlil edebilmek için Türk modernleşmesi atlanmaması gereken bir konudur. Bernard Lewis'in en sevdiğim tarafı olayları yalnızca siyasi tarihin sonuçları olarak sunmuyor. Kitapta da görüleceği üzere Lewis çoğu eserinde meseleyi tarım, ekonomi, sosyal yaşam ve idari parçaları ayrı ayrı inceleyerek ele alıyor. Bu durumda olayların neden yaşandığını çok daha iyi okuyucuya açıklamış oluyor.
Kalın bir tarih kitabı olmasına rağmen Lewis'in kalemi okuyucuyu sürüklüyor. Özellikle Türk modernleşmesine ve yakın dönem tarihe ilgisi olanların mutlaka okuması gereken bir kitap.
Kalın bir tarih kitabı olmasına rağmen Lewis'in kalemi okuyucuyu sürüklüyor. Özellikle Türk modernleşmesine ve yakın dönem tarihe ilgisi olanların mutlaka okuması gereken bir kitap.
December 7, 2025
Original Name: The Emergence of Modern Turkey, Third Edition / Bernard Lewis Çeviri: Boğaç Babür Turna
Tarihimizin son 250 yılını, gayet derli toplu bir şekilde, üstelik de ekonomiden kültüre her açıdan yorumlayarak ele alan gayet güzel bir kitap. Kuruluş dönemi tarihine ilgi duyuyorsanız, hep bizim bakışımızdan değil alanında uzman bir akademisyenin de yaklaşımıyla göreyim diyorsanız mutlaka okumalısınız. Bazı hakların teslim edildiği, verilen mücadelelerin gayet net ifade edildiği çok kıymetli bir eser.
Tarihimizin son 250 yılını, gayet derli toplu bir şekilde, üstelik de ekonomiden kültüre her açıdan yorumlayarak ele alan gayet güzel bir kitap. Kuruluş dönemi tarihine ilgi duyuyorsanız, hep bizim bakışımızdan değil alanında uzman bir akademisyenin de yaklaşımıyla göreyim diyorsanız mutlaka okumalısınız. Bazı hakların teslim edildiği, verilen mücadelelerin gayet net ifade edildiği çok kıymetli bir eser.
August 16, 2022
Yazar Türkiye'nin modernleşmesi konusunda oldukça objektif bir bakış acisi sunmaya çalışmış. Günümüze kadar gelmiş dogu batı eski yeni tartismalarinin çatışmasının inkılap ve irtica gibi kavramların karsi karşıya geldiği ve gunumuz Türkiyesine giden yolda değerli bir kaynak olarak okunabilir . Tavsiye ederim
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September 27, 2025The mind must demolish in order to breathe. Everything that tries to leash it. Be it an institution, an ideology, or the entirety of the era and civilization. Otherwise, what emerges is not a mind that breathes through its own lungs, but a mind that performs photosynthesis.
October 29, 2025
Osmanlı modernlesme surecini, detayli sekilde anlatiyor. Özellikle İkinci Mahmud donemi, mucadeleler, yenilikler, belgeler esliginde, akici bir şekilde isleniyor. Yeni ogrendigim cok fazla sey oldu. Keyifli bir okuma deneyimi sunuyor her seviyeden okuyucuya
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
May 15, 2016
This was a good in-depth view of the history of modern Turkey. I recommend it. Reading it, I got the impression that there are a lot of other good books out there. Bernard Lewis has a very good overview and, like any overview, it is limited in scope. My appetite for learn more about Turkey is growing.
May 17, 2017
Belli bir düzeyde tarih bilgisine sahip olan her meraklının okuması gereken bir eser,alanının tartışmasız en iyi eserlerinden biri.Fakat kitap,ortalara ve sonlara doğru bazen kendini tekrar ediyor ve bu da sıkıcı oluyor.Yazarın 2.Abdülhamit dönemi hariç diğer dönemleri tarafsız bir gözle yorumladığını düşünüyorum.
March 22, 2020
Halfway through, I know this is a three-star book. Solid historical review and insight... but it doesn't really break the stereotype of the typical boring history book.
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January 18, 2010The Emergence of Modern Turkey (Studies in Middle Eastern History) by Bernard Lewis (2001)
June 8, 2011
I actually didn't completely read this book, but I do consider it complete. I just skimmed over the history. Very perceptive book on Turkey.
April 12, 2011
This book helped me a lot with my paper on Ataturk. It's very informative if not slightly biased to Ataturk and against islam.
January 31, 2013
I am a native Turk and this book completely change my ideas about my country. It is a long and deep book so if you are not a history enthusiastic you will find it boring.
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