MY NOTES/QUOTES/AND USEFUL BITS:
Asperger considered that the characteristics could be identified in some children as young as two and three years, although for some children, the characteristics only became conspicuous some years later. He also noticed that some of the parents, especially the fathers of such children, appeared to share some of the personality characteristics of their child. He wrote that the condition was probably due to genetic or neurological, rather than psychological or environmental, factors.
p13
The advantage of acknowledging and understanding the diagnosis for parents is that, at last, they have an explanation for their son's or daughter's unusual behaviors and abilities, and knowledge that the condition is not caused by faulty parenting. ... There may also be greater acceptance of the child within the extended family and family friends. The parents can now provide an acceptable explanation to other people regarding the child's unusual behavior.
p29
When parents complete a standardized assessment of self-care skills and adaptive functioning, such abilities in children with Asperger's syndrome are below the level expected for their age and intellectual ability. Clinicians have also recognized significant problems with adaptive behaviour, especially with regard to anger management, anxiety and depression.
p43
In typical children, the acquisition of friendship skills is based on an innate ability that develops throughout childhood in association with progressive changes in cognitive ability, and modified and matured through social experiences. Unfortunately, children with Asperger's syndrome are not able to rely on intuitive abilities in social settings as well as their peers and must rely more on their cognitive abilities and experiences.
p63
One way to describe a person with Asperger's syndrome is someone who comes from a different culture and has a different way of perceiving and thinking about the world.
p77
Children with Asperger's syndrome work twice as hard at school as their peers, as they are learning both the academic and the social curriculum. Unlike other children, they are using cognitive abilities rather than intuition to socialize and make friends. At the end of the school day, the child has usually had enough social experiences and desperately needs to relax in solitude.
p78
While other boys at this age would usually shun girls, using derogatory and sexist remarks, he can be recruited into the play of girls and actively welcomed. If the boy with Asperger's syndrome is unsure what to do when socializing with girls, his female friends are more likely to be supportive than critical - 'He's a boy so he wouldn't understand, so I'll help him.' There can be the development of genuine 'opposite-gender' friendships.
p80
Children with Asperger's syndrome are less likely than their peers to report being a target for bullying or teasing as they have impaired Theory of Mind abilities; that is, they have difficulty determining the thoughts and intentions of others in comparison to their peers. Children with Asperger's syndrome may not intuitively know that the acts of other children are examples of bullying. They sometimes consider that such behaviour is typiecal play and something that they have come to accept as yet another example of the confusing behaviour of their peers.
p100
Research has confirmed that typical children who are the target of bullying are at great risk for low self-esteem, increased levels of anxiety and depression, lower academic achievement, and increased social isolation. The psychological consequences of bullying in the typical population can last for more than ten years. Children with Asperger's syndrome are more prone to these consequences because of their already low self-esteem, predisposition to anxiety and difficulty understanding why someone would behave that way, questioning why they were the target and what else they could have done to stop it.
pp101-2
An adult often needs to provide guidance for the child with Asperger's syndrome in conflict resolution at all stages of childhood, but during adolescence the child is expected to be able to compromise, identify and acknowledge the point of view of the other person, negotiate and forgive and forget conflicts. These attributes can be elusive for the child with Asperger's syndrome, who can be considered as displaying signs similar to Oppositional and Defiant Disorder.
p119
We all feel a little anxious sometimes, but many children and adults with Asperger's syndrome appear to be prone to being anxious for much of their day, or to be extremely anxious about a specific event.
p136
People with Asperger's syndrome are often perfectionists, tend to be exceptionally good at noticing mistakes, and have a conspicuous fear of failure. There can be a relative lack of optimism, with a tendency to expect failure and not to be able to control events.
p141
Teachers soon realize that the child with Asperger's syndrome may intensely dislike public praise that includes gestures or words of affection. The person with Asperger's syndrome has a limited tolerance of affectionate and sentimental behaviour in others.
p150
People with Asperger's syndrome are often very confused by teasing, irony and sarcasm. Research has confirmed that the understanding of idioms is less advanced than one would expect considering the child's intellectual and linguistic abilities.
p217
Research has indicated that children with Asperger's syndrome tend to continue using incorrect strategies and are less likely to learn from their mistakes, even when they know their strategy isn't working. This explains the frequent comment from parents and teachers that the child with Asperger's syndrome does not appear to learn from his or her mistakes. We now recognize this characteristic as an example of impaired executive function that is due to a problem of neurology (the functioning of the frontal lobes), rather than being the child's choice.
p235
The learning profile of children and adults with Asperger's syndrome can include a tendency to focus on errors, a need to fix an irregularity and a desire to be a perfectionist. This can lead to a fear of making a mistake and the child's refusal to commence an activity unless he or she can complete it perfectly. The avoidance of errors can mean that children with Asperger's syndrome prefer accuracy rather than speed, which can affect performance in timed tests and lead to their thinking being described as pedantic.
p238
When children have an overall IQ within the normal range, school authorities tend to assume such children do not qualify for in-class support for learning problems. However, many children with Asperger's syndrome have an overall IQ within the normal range but an extremely uneven profile of intellectual or cognitive skills.
p245
Children with Asperger's syndrome are more socially and emotionally immature than their peers, which contributes towards their being socially isolated, ridiculed and tormented. Having considerably advanced intellectual maturity in comparison to one's peers can further increase social isolation and alienation. The child may have no peer group in his or her classroom, socially or intellectually. Having an impressive vocabulary and knowledge can lead adults to expect an equivalent maturity in social reasoning, emotion management and behaviour; they may be unjustly critical of the child who is unable to express these abilities as maturely as his or her age peers.
p254
The physical education teacher needs to be aware of the nature of Asperger's syndrome and how to adapt PE activities. The adaptations should include an emphasis on physical fitness rather than competitive team sports. When requiring the child to participate in ball games, the teach should discourage other children from laughing if the child fumbles with the ball, and should not have team leaders select team members, which so often results both in the child with Asperger's syndrome being chosen last, an din groans from the other children that they must have such a clumsy child as a member of their team.
p265
...but one of the attributes of Asperger's syndrome, clearly identified in autobiographies and parents' description of their child, is a hyper- and hyposensitivity to specific sensory experiences.
p271
The most common sensitivity is to very specific sounds but there can also be sensitivity to tactile experiences, light intensity, the taste and texture of food and specific aromas. There can be an under- or over-reaction to the experience of pain and discomfort, and the sense of balance, movement perception and body orientation can be unusual.
pp271-2
The non-Asperger's syndrome partner suffers affection deprivation which can be a contributory factor to low self-esteem and depression. The typical partner is metaphorically a rose trying to blossom in an affection desert. The partner with Asperger's syndrome wants to be a friend and a lover but has little idea of how to do either.
p307
Probably for the majority of people with Asperger's syndrome, the reason is due to genetic factors. ... Subsequent research has confirmed that for some families there are strikingly similar characteristics in family members. Research has indicated that, using strict diagnostic criteria for Asperger's syndrome, about 20 per cent of fathers and 5 per cent of mothers of a child with Asperger's syndrome have the syndrome themselves.
p328
We recognize that Asperger's syndrome is part of the autism spectrum, and research on the aetiology or causes of autism may provide information on the causes of Asperger's syndrome. Thus, future research may indicate whether Asperger's syndrome could be caused by infections during pregnancy and in the child's early infancy, inborn errors of metabolism such that the digestion of specific food produces toxins that affect brain development, or other biological factors that could affect brain development.
At present we cannot state with any certainty the specific cause of Asperger's syndrome in any child or adult, but at least we have some idea as to the possible causes, and know that parents can rest assured that it is not due to faulty parenting.
pp329-330