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匏瓜
刘勃
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《匏瓜》是刘勃所写的孔子传记。作者把孔子放在春秋历史大背景下来写,对相关史实进行了分析,观点颇有独到之处,值得一看。
孔子姓子,子姓是商王的姓,也就是说,孔子的祖上是商朝皇族,后来逐渐没落,到了孔子,能保住士的身份就相当不错了。当然,是不是皇族也难考证,朱元璋当皇帝后,也曾想过认朱熹为自己的祖宗。
孔子一身是致力于恢复周礼的,他认为周礼"郁郁乎文哉",所以"吾从周"。周礼是建立在分封制经济基础上的意识形态。分封制的问题,随着人口增长、生产力发展,土地兼并是必然的。总结春秋战国历史,其实用四个字就可以简单地概括,就是"土地兼并"。诸侯国兼并周王室的土地,诸侯下面的卿大夫也想着兼并诸侯的土地,赵魏韩三大家族干脆直接把晋国的土地彻底瓜分掉。
用史学家的话来说,春秋时期,礼崩乐坏。所谓礼崩乐坏,就是砸烂了一个旧世界,人们需要做的,是建立一个新世界,而孔子却致力于恢复旧世界的秩序,这显然是不切实际的幻想。
也正因如此,他在游历各诸侯国时,处处碰壁如丧家狗。他心目中的所谓王道,并不能给人以帮助。对小国来说,今天被张三打,明天被李四揍,朝不保夕,你王道能保证我不挨揍么?对大国来说,运用武力
301 pages, Kindle Edition
Published April 18, 2025
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刘勃
18 books
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