Having experienced both the Cultural Revolution and living in the West, inward and outward reflections are the throughline in Xiaobo’s uneven and sometimes surprisingly meandering collection.
The strongest essay in the collection is the first one – The Silent Majority. It starts by referencing Günter Grass’ The Tin Drum, and from there, it’s a thoughtful examination of the tension between silence and speech, and the merits of the former. Xiaobo plays with the stereotype of the quiet Chinese, but he explains that silence reigned in public and people spoke freely with trusted people behind closed doors. He finds a kindred spirit in the memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich, the Russian composer who put up with much the same under the Soviets. According to Xiaobo, only people used to not speaking can see the magic in the book. Moreover, what value did the spoken word have when big concepts of plenty flew in the face of the reality – Xiaobo was so starving, he ate pencils at school – and the reserved Chinese character? When it facilitated evil by verbalising social divisions, as seen in his school when his class was divided into Reds and Blacks. Or when people who supported the party were forced to change their way of speaking? Dogma does not fly off the tongue.
Other essays highlight socialist absurdities. When all the doctors are purged, people with appendicitis are obliged to go under a knife held by vets and laymen, people who take hours to find the organ and who, because of power outages, can only operate at the sunniest time of the day. There’s the wild tale of an indomitable pig, whose exploits show how the communist order sucks the happiness out of both animals and humans. The locals who overcharged the supposedly rich city students, the peasants who were anxious to be seen as intellectuals. And there’s a unique reflection of how growing up under Mao’s shadow makes one feel like a domestic appliance – a person gets used and there’s never really an explanation of justification why.
While the musings are interesting, the book does suffer sometimes from a lack of direction. Despite the conciseness of each essay, on occasion Xiaobo fails to get to the point, or draws conclusions that baffle, or he arrives at a non-sequitur after a promising start. He misquotes Edmund Hillary at one point and strangely attributes the quote to a generic ‘somebody’. On one hand, this is an attractive quality, the sign of a well-read man with a wealth of information in his brain, waiting to be sorted. Yet, when he talks about cultural relativism and Bertrand Russell, there are some surface-level observations, but it all ends in a hazy non-conclusion.
The eclectic themes also shine a light on the writer’s lot. Xiaobo apparently burnt many of his writings from his 20s, perhaps from a fear that he had been too bold in his writing, struggling to shake the vestigial terror from his formative years on a communist commune. He confesses that some of his books were still not published and how he received quite damning rejection letters. Given that he wrote for joy and resisted the urge to write about cages and oppression, unlike many of his peers who were also products of a restrictive environment, we can assume his writing was not for everyone. One of his friends baulked at his use of black humour rather than tears in a story, but Xiaobo, quite sanguinely, observed that people who write with comedy or with drama find their respective audiences.
Overall, the book is written in a pared-back style. Is this as a result of the translation, or simply how Xiaobo expressed himself? It’s hard to say, but it does make for a conversational dynamic that suits a series of quick-fire essays. It’s worth a look because of the themes broached, the fact that he seemed to be a nice guy, and to bear witness to what he was forced to endure. A combination of all three, rather than the force of argument or writing verve, saves it from some of its faults