制造规则：国际标准建立背后的历史与博弈

Hagley Library Studies in Business, Technology, and Politics

by JoAnne Yates, Craig N. Murphy, 乔安妮·耶茨

从螺纹到集装箱再到电子阅读器，几乎我们用的所有东西都受到标准制定进程的影响。一个多世纪以来，从制造业到互联网，此类标准与世界经济的每一次重大变化都息息相关，本书回顾了标准化的全球发展史。两位作者认为，从19世纪80年代到现在，有三次技术标准化的浪潮。在第一次浪潮中，工程师制定了可以被制造者广泛采用，同时满足公司客户需求的有用标准，催生了跨越政治和民族边界的标准化运动。第二波浪潮的结果之一是集装箱的标准化，这极大促进了全球贸易的发展、全球市场的整合。第三波浪潮的核心是信息技术的标准化，新一代的标准制定者为互联网和万维网提供支持，同时运用制定标准的程序来控制日益全球化的经济中可能出现的社会和环境危害。两位作者基于三个大洲的档案资料，探讨了催生标准化运动的积极理念、实现这些理念的尝试，以及标准化运动在今天面临的挑战。

标准在今天的经济中几乎隐形，却是与国家和全球市场具有同等重要地位的基础设施。在国际形势和全球治理的大背景下，标准的制定和推广、标准之争与国家间的竞争与合作息息相关。

一个半世纪以来的规则制定与标准之争中，蕴含着理解商业、技术与全球治理的线索。

Genres: Nonfiction, History

572 pages, Paperback

Published April 1, 2025

Reviews

[David]

this is a book about engineering standard-setting organizations since 1880. It is about as exciting as you might expect from a book about engineering standard-setting organizations since 1880. That said, I found absolutely fascinating the sort of social theories held by the members of these organizations. Internationalism, for them, meant that engineers from post ww1/ww2 germany, or post-1917 ussr, were brought back into the fold more or less without hesitation. can you imagine the conversations they had at their conferences? "hey franz, pretty wild what you guys were doing, no?" For these engineers, a standard railway gauge, a modular container, they were paths to world peace. really remarkable.

[Dan Lussier · Rating 4 out of 5]

As an engineer this was an interesting history of the standards that underpin our modern technological world. This is how the sausage got made and the story of the people who created the institutions that made the creation of international (or global) standards possible.