This book was written by an advisor of President Woodrow Wilson and presents socio political ideas in the form of an allegorical narrative centering on the heroic life of Philip Dru. The country is going downhill because a cabal of industrial monopolists, headed up by Senator Selwyn, has rigged the political process in their favor by pushing safe candidates who will do the bidding of the industrialists. The system is accidentally exposed, leading to an armed movement to overthrow the corrupt government of the United States which is headed up by a hand-picked protege of Selwyn, President Rockland. A second Civil War ensues - but unlike the first, the conflict is settled in one battle that the corrupt government loses in a rout. Dru has led the popular armies and becomes de facto head of state, taking on the title of Administrator. Under his direction, numerous commissions are appointed and the Constitution is redrafted. Safeguards are put into place to ensure the web of corruption by the industrial interests does not recur. A war is fought with Mexico, with Dru prevailing similarly to the Civil War, in a rout of the Mexican forces, the result of which is the reform of Mexican governance and the unification of the Northern half of the Western Hemisphere under the new Republic, i.e., Mexico, Canada, the Central American and Caribbean states all exchange their flags for the US flag although otherwise they would remain autonomous. Once the new American constitution is ratified and elections are held, Dru decides to retire - possibly to Russia. The narrative includes a theme about Dru´s girlfriend Gloria, who helped Dru all along, helping him especially when he was severely stricken by sunstroke while lost in a desert, and later on the fundraising front by proselytizing the rich, trying to get them to see things from the standpoint of the poor and act philanthropically. Years later, Dru and Gloria marry eventually and together sail away from San Francisco to parts unknown as thousands watch them depart. Appended to the book is a section on Co-Partnership, which discusses a form of profit-sharing, or a cooperative system of dividing the profits of industrial production between the workers, employer/owner, and even customers. This book is of interest from a historical standpoint, as an artifact from a much earlier age. House presents many liberal ideas in the narrative, which was evidently widely read at the time it was written. Modern readers may find it rather wooden, and parable-like in its simplicity. But it does give some insight into an era in which progressivism was trying to tackle the grip of the industrialists -- Robber Barons and so forth -- on the economy. To the extent that it represents an artifact from that era of citizenry struggling to assert themselves vs. the Rockefellers, Morgans, Carnegies, economic giants of the Gilded Age, it is worth reading.
Here are the quotes:
¨[Philip Dru] ... saw many of the civil institutions of his country debased by the power of wealth under the thin guise of the constitutional protection of property.¨
¨[Dru to Gloria:] Gloria, we are entering a new era. The past is no longer to be a guide to the future. A century and a half ago there arose in France a giant that had slumbered for untold centuries. He knew he had suffered grievous wrongs, but he did not know how to right them. He therefore struck out blindly and cruelly, and the innocent went down with the guilty. ... So, when he awoke he could only destroy. Unfortunately for him, there was not one of the governing class who was big enough and humane enough to led a guiding and a friendly hand, so he was led by weak, and selfish men who could only incite him to further wanton murder and demolition.¨
¨[Dru to Gloria:] The strong will help the weak, the rich will share with the poor, and it will not be called charity, but it will be known as justice."
¨[Mr. Strawn to Dru:] I know that things are not as they should be, but how can there be a more even distribution of wealth without lessening the efficiency of the strong, able and energetic men and without making mendicants of the indolent and improvident? If we had pure socialism, we could never get the highest endeavor out of anyone, for it would seem not worthwhile to do more than the average. The race would then go backward instead of lifting itself higher by the insistent desire to excel and to reap the rich reward that comes with success.¨
¨Masterful and arrogant wealth, created largely by Government protection of its profits, not content with its domination and influence thin a single party, had sought to corrupt them both, and to that end had insinuated itself into the primaries, in order that no candidates might be nominated whose views were not in accord with theirs.¨
¨When [Selwyn´s Senators] ... came from agricultural States, where the sentiment was known as ¨progressive,¨ they could cover their intentions in many ways. One method was by urging an amendment so radical that no honest progressive would consent to it, and then refusing to support the more moderate measure because it did not go far enough. Another was to inject some clause that was clearly unconstitutional, and insist upon its adoption, and refusing to vote for the bill without its insertion.¨
¨[Dru] ... told them that the conscience of the people was now aroused, and that there would be no halting until the Government was again within their hands to be administered for the good of the many instead of for the good of a rapacious few.¨
¨[Dru to Gloria:] Do not be too sure [of success proselytizing among the rich], Gloria. We have the right and a majority of the American people with us; yet, on the other hand, we have opposed to us not only resourceful men but the machinery of a great Government buttressed by unlimited wealth and credit.¨
¨The great conflict covering the years from 1860 to 1865 was still more than a memory, though but few living had taken part in it. The victors in that mighty struggle thought they had been magnanimous to the defeated but the well-informed Southerner knew that they had been made to pay the most stupendous penalty ever exacted in modern times. At one stroke of the pen, two thousand millions of their property was taken from them. A pension system was then inaugurated that taxed the resources of the Nation to pay. By the year 1927 more than five thousand millions had gone to those who were of the winning side. Of this the South were taxed her part, receiving nothing in return. Cynical Europe said that the North would have it appear that a war had been fought for human freedom, whereas it seemed that it was fought for money. It forgot that many brave and patriotic men who enlisted because they held the Union to be one and indissoluble, and were willing to sacrifice their lives to make it so, and around whom a willing and grateful government threw its protecting arms. And it confused those deserving citizens with the unworthy many, whom pension agents and office seekers had debauched at the expense of the Nation. Then, too, the South remembered that one of the immediate results of emancipation was that millions of ignorant and indigent people were thrown upon the charity and protection of the Southern people, to care for and to educate. In some states sixty per cent, of the population were negroes, and they were as helpless as children and proved a heavy burden upon the forty percent, of whites. In rural populations more schoolhouses had to be maintained, and more teachers employed for the number taught, and the percentage of children per capita was larger than in cities. Then, of necessity, separate schools had to be maintained. So, altogether, the load was a heavy one for an impoverished people to carry. The humane, the wise, the patriotic thing to have done, was for the Nation to have assumed the responsibility of the education of the negroes for at least one generation. What a contrast we see in England's treatment of the Boers. After a long and bloody war, which drew heavily upon the lives and treasures of the Nation, England's first act was to make an enormous grant to the conquered Boers, that they might have every facility to regain their shattered fortunes, and bring order and prosperity to their distracted land. We see the contrast again in that for nearly a half century after the Civil War was over, no Southerner was considered eligible for the Presidency. On the other hand, within a few years after the African Revolution ended, a Boer General, who had fought throughout the war with vigor and distinction, was proposed and elected Premier of the United Colonies. Consequently, while sympathizing with the effort to overthrow Selwyn´s government, the South moved slowly and with circumspection.¨
¨[Dru] ... had a large and devoted army to do his bidding, and the future seemed to lie wholly in his hands.¨
¨[Dru to Gloria:] But, to return to the immediate work in hand, let us simplify our habits and customs to as great a degree as is possible under existing circumstances.¨
¨[Dru] ... had incorporated in the Franchise Law the right of Labor to have one representative upon the boards of corporations and to share a certain percentage of the earning above their wages, after a reasonable percent, upon the capital had been earned. [Footnote: See WHAT CO-PARTNERSHIP CAN DO below.] In turn, it was to be obligatory upon them not to strike, but to submit all grievances to arbitration. The law was to stipulate that if the business prospered, wages should be high; if times were dull, they should be reduced.¨
¨Certain of the public service corporations, Dru insisted, should be taken over bodily by the National government and accordingly the Postmaster General was instructed to negotiate with the telegraph and telephone companies for their properties at a fair valuation. They were to be under the absolute control of the Post Office Department, and the people were to have the transmission of all messages at cost, just as they had their written ones. A parcel post was also inaugurated, so that as much as twelve pounds could be sent at cost.¨
¨Gloria then gave more fully the conditions governing female labor. The unsanitary surroundings, the long hours and the inadequate wage, the statistics of refuge societies showed, drove an appalling number of women and girls to the streets. -- No matter how hard they worked they could not earn sufficient to clothe and feed themselves property. After a deadly day´s work, many of them found stimulants of various kinds the cheapest means of bringing comfort their weary bodies and hope--lost souls, and then the next step was the beginning of the end.¨
¨The delegates go to the conventions,¨ said [now Dru friend] Selwyn, ¨and think they have something to do with the naming of the nominees, and the making of the platforms. But the astute boss has planned all that far in advance, the candidates are selected and the platform written and both are ´forced´ upon the unsuspecting delegate, much as the card shark forced his cards upon his victim. It is all seemingly in the open and above the boards, but as a matter of fact quite the reverse is true.¨
¨...meantime, Dru negotiated with [the new English Ministry] ... to the end that England and America were to join hands in a world wide policy of peace and commercial freedom. According to Dru´s plan, disarmaments were to be made to an appreciable degree, custom barriers were to be torn down, zones of influence clearly defined, and an era of friendly commercial rivalry established.¨
¨[Currently,] The capitalist is inclined to give the minimum that is necessary to secure the labor which he requires, and the worker in return considers that all that should be required from him is the minimum of labor which will save him from dismissal.¨
¨Ideal co-partnership is a system under which worker and consumer shall share with the capitalists in the profits of industry.¨
¨Under our present system the whole of the surplus profits go to capital, and it is the object of capital to give the worker the least wage for which he will consent to work, and to charge the consumer the highest price which he can be persuaded to give; conversely it is the object of labor to give as little as possible for the wage received.¨