Paul Fischer’s The Last Kings of Hollywood is a deep, entertaining study of Francis Ford Coppola, George Lucas, and Steven Spielberg and their friendship that shaped and redefined Hollywood. This book is a great read if you want to get a ringside seat to toxic masculinity and also find yourself on a weeklong (or more) movie binder. The book focuses on the often-friendly competition between them and their films. For Coppola, the focus is rightly on The Godfather, but also on Apocalypse Now, which turns out to be one of the things that causes a rift in the friendship between him and Lucas. Spielberg’s story is hinged on Jaws and then Close Encounters of the Third Kind and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. George Lucas, as he always is and always will be, is defined by Star Wars. In rapid succession, each director finds massive success and breaks each other’s record achievement. First comes The Godfather’s record-breaking run, then Jaws shatters that, and next Star Wars does the same.
Writing only four hundred pages on Coppola, Spielberg, and Lucas had to have been a daunting task, but Fischer is also able to weave an entertaining cast of iconic secondary characters into the book. Never has Martin Scorsese been a minor character, but he comes in and out of the narrative throughout these pages as a tragic figure he is often joined by his constant collaborator, Robert DeNiro, who steps in to encourage and refocus Scorsese after a near death experience. Walter Murch, who was, according to Mike Kitchens, “the biggest mensch,” features heavily and is by the side of both Lucas and Coppola from the beginning. Robert Evans, the epitome of a greasy Hollywood producer, steps into the story to help get The Godfather made after loaning Mario Puzo to get the story written in the first place. Evans, a constant champion for the movie, bristled Coppola and found himself frozen out of the production of the sequel and locked out of the story from that point on, only to reappear at the end again with Mario Puzo to work with Coppola again on The Cotton Club, another failure in a string of failures that rocked Coppola’s life throughout the 80s. The cast of characters in this book is a who’s who of Hollywood from the 60s, 70s, and 80s and even has surprise cameos from the likes of David Lynch, Toshiro Mifune, Akira Kurosawa, Agnes Varda, and John Cassavetes. Running across these names is a real treat when it happens.
Two other secondary characters are writers Paul Schrader and Lucas’ USC classmate John Milius who feature heavily and are seen equally as geniuses and pariahs. About Milius and Schrader, Fischer writes, “Great men make things happen and didn’t stick around to sort out the rubble, but so did small fucked-up men. Milius and Schrader both had the propensity to think of themselves as the former, even when the acted like the latter.” I feel like this passage applies to many characters in this book and each man proves Fischer’s theory right more times than not.
The book follows the three filmmakers throughout their professional lives, but the focus is from 1968 through 1982. Fischer introduces each director with a succinct background of their upbringing and what inspired them to become filmmakers then moving to their starts in Hollywood and first big opportunities. Coppola is presented as the one who paved the way for both Lucas and Spielberg and Fischer rightly points out that Coppola is responsible for a lot of the early opportunities that Lucas received and like any good Godfather, Coppola does remember these favors, and they do come up again throughout the book.
Fischer does an excellent job of not only celebrating the great accomplishments of these men but also showing their weaknesses. Each one had flaws and personality issues that would lead to dark periods and struggles. Coppola’s is a need to be the most important man in the room. He is plagued by having to perform for people at all times and his extra-marital affairs eventually lead to his divorce from his wife, Ellie, but, in the end, he does not get the girl, his former babysitter Missy Mathison, she ends up with Harrison Ford and steps out of Coppola’s shadow to write E.T. with Spielberg. Lucas is plagued by doubts and the feeling of inferiority and always being in Coppola’s shadow. Even at a point in their lives where Lucas is clearly on top of the world and Coppola is down and out, he struggles with stepping out of the almost little brother role in the relationship. He even sees himself as inferior to Spielberg when he first meets him because Steven had already directed something and Lucas had not.
Coppola’s film studio, American Zoetrope, plays a significant role in the book. On a trip to Europe, Coppola meets filmmaker Mogens Skot Hansen who was the owner of the independent production company, Laterna Films. Hansen gifted Coppola a Zoetrope explaining that the meaning of the word was “wheel of life,” “movement of life,” or, Coppola’s favorite translation -- “life revolution,” Just as the studio is one of the defining issues in Coppola’s life I feel like the concept of the revolutions of life is just as important to all three men’s stories. The revolutions of life in this story is seen in the ebbs and flows of their careers, their love lives and in the cycles of jealousy and resentment they, mostly George and Francis, have for each other.
Each director wanted to break from the Hollywood studio system and be independent. Coppola fiercely wanted to be able to make personal films and throughout the book Fischer writes about ways Coppola continually had to settle or take jobs he did not want to just to fund his projects. People around Coppola thought that The Godfather an example of Francis selling out with Caleb Deschanel saying that he and others knew “Francis was selling out.” The inability to keep Zoetrope financially viable and do his personal projects led to disappointments in Coppola’s life. Fischer writes that “both resounding failure and overwhelming success lay character bare” and I think that is really what this book is about. Each director is faced with both extremes and handle those revolutions of life in vastly different ways.
Another example of these life revolutions in the books is the cycle that Fischer shows Hollywood itself go through from the mid-60s up until the mid-80s. The book begins with George Lucas coming into Hollywood as Jack Warner is leaving. Throughout the book the specter of the old Hollywood studios and Warner himself haunts the narrative. By the time Lucas and Spielberg are at the height of their powers the system they abhorred has found its way back in thanks to a consumer and greed is good culture led by Jack Warner’s informant during the McCarthy years who had then become president, Ronald Reagan. I think it is acceptable to quote movies in a review on a book about movies and one of my favorite lines is from Aaron Eckhart’s Harvey Dent in The Dark Knight where he says, “You either die a hero, or you live long enough to become the villain.” The three directors came together with a vision to be independent of the studio pictures and overreaching producers and executives that they had grown to despise but in the end both Coppola and Lucas struggled with becoming just that and Fischer presents the argument critics made at the time that the massive success of Spielberg and Lucas led to a rebirth of the kind of movies that they wanted to move away from. Michael Eisner, Barry Diller, and others are presented at about the halfway point as true villains and money men that only wanted franchise movies and their view of movies in Eisner’s own words were, “We have no obligation to make art. We have no obligation to make a statement. To make money is our only objective.”
In the end, Spielberg comes across the best of the trio. His Hollywood dreams come true, and he seemed able to resist the excess and ego that his contemporaries struggled with even though he had to overcome his own self-doubt. Coppola’s greed, ambition, and infidelity was, at times, off putting. It was relieving to see him come around at the end of the story and find a way to keep American Zoetrope alive and build the business around family instead of unbridled ambition. Lucas is portrayed as equally ambitious but also unsure of himself. He was enormously successful but struggled with being in Coppola’s footsteps.
I enjoyed every page of Fischer’s book and could easily read hundreds more. It is a trip through a great era of Hollywood told from the perspective of three of the greatest directors of all time and also a cautionary tale, like most success stories are. The only critique I have is also one of the things I loved most and that is the plethora of secondary characters. When there are so many characters it is often hard to keep them all straight and it is also a struggle to give them the space they need. The prime example of this is Marty Scorsese. We leave Marty at a pivotal point in his life and Fischer does not go back to him. I hope that a book on Scorsese and DeNiro is next up by Paul Fischer because I will read every word he writes.