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بحث في التاريخ

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1061 pages, Hardcover

Published January 1, 2014

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About the author

Arnold J. Toynbee

691 books520 followers
Not the same as Arnold Toynbee, economist and nephew of Arnold Joseph Toynbee

British educator Arnold Joseph Toynbee noted cyclical patterns in the growth and decline of civilizations for his 12-volume Study of History (1934-1961).

He went to Winchester college and Balliol college, Oxford.

During both world wars, he worked for the foreign office. He additionally published Nationality and the War (1915), The Armenian Atrocities: The Murder of a Nation (1915), The German Terror in France: An Historical Record (1917), and Turkey, a Past and a Future (1917). He attended the peace conference of Paris in 1919 as a delegate.

From 1919 to 1924, Arnold J. Toynbee served as professor of modern Greek and Byzantine at King's college, London. From 1925, Oxford University Press published The Survey of International Affairs under the auspices of the royal institute of international affairs, and Toynbee, professor, oversaw the publication. From 1925, Toynbee served as research professor and director at the royal institute of international affairs. He published The Conduct of British Empire Foreign Relations since the Peace Settlement (1928).

His first marriage to Rosalind Murray produced three sons and ended in divorce in 1946. Toynbee, professor, then married Veronica M. Boulter, his research assistant. He published Civilization on Trial (1948).

Toynbee served as research professor and director at the royal institute of international affairs until 1955.
People published best known lectures of Toynbee, professor, in memory of Adam Gifford as An Historian's Approach to Religion (1956). His massive work examined development and decay. He presented the rise and fall rather than nation-states or ethnic groups. According to his analysis, the welfare depends on ability to deal successfully with challenges.

He also published Democracy in the Atomic Age (1957), Christianity among the Religions of the World (1958), and Between Niger and Nile (1965).

He died in York, North Yorkshire, England.

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Profile Image for Omar Almansouri.
65 reviews7 followers
August 31, 2022
من عنوان الكتاب، قسّم المؤلف كتابه لعدة بحوث في تاريخ الحضارات، مثل مبحث عوامل النشوء ومبحث عوامل السقوط، وينظر كل منها إلى زاوية محددة ويناقشها سياسيًا وعسكريًا واجتماعيًا واقتصاديًا ودينيًا بأسلوب ماتع يجعل القارئ يرى إحدى الحضارات كما لو أنها كيان متجسد من هذه العوامل التي تتطور وتنحدر لأسباب داخلية وخارجية. المبحث الواحد يكون عبر العصور وفي مختلف الحضارات ويسقط الكثير من أحداثها على زمانه (منتصف القرن الماضي).
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