Not the same as Arnold Toynbee, economist and nephew of Arnold Joseph Toynbee
British educator Arnold Joseph Toynbee noted cyclical patterns in the growth and decline of civilizations for his 12-volume Study of History (1934-1961).
He went to Winchester college and Balliol college, Oxford.
From 1919 to 1924, Arnold J. Toynbee served as professor of modern Greek and Byzantine at King's college, London. From 1925, Oxford University Press published The Survey of International Affairs under the auspices of the royal institute of international affairs, and Toynbee, professor, oversaw the publication. From 1925, Toynbee served as research professor and director at the royal institute of international affairs. He published The Conduct of British Empire Foreign Relations since the Peace Settlement (1928).
Toynbee served as research professor and director at the royal institute of international affairs until 1955. People published best known lectures of Toynbee, professor, in memory of Adam Gifford as An Historian's Approach to Religion (1956). His massive work examined development and decay. He presented the rise and fall rather than nation-states or ethnic groups. According to his analysis, the welfare depends on ability to deal successfully with challenges.
من عنوان الكتاب، قسّم المؤلف كتابه لعدة بحوث في تاريخ الحضارات، مثل مبحث عوامل النشوء ومبحث عوامل السقوط، وينظر كل منها إلى زاوية محددة ويناقشها سياسيًا وعسكريًا واجتماعيًا واقتصاديًا ودينيًا بأسلوب ماتع يجعل القارئ يرى إحدى الحضارات كما لو أنها كيان متجسد من هذه العوامل التي تتطور وتنحدر لأسباب داخلية وخارجية. المبحث الواحد يكون عبر العصور وفي مختلف الحضارات ويسقط الكثير من أحداثها على زمانه (منتصف القرن الماضي).