When reading the books of Louisa May Alcott, one must remember that her career was at its zenith a fair while ago. Her creative merits should be viewed in the context of contemporary literature for young readers as it stood when she was active, and that puts a different slant on how her works are to be regarded nowadays. Viewed through that prism, Jack and Jill is a remarkably progressive novel, one that likely stood head and shoulders over nearly any other juvenile story of the time. If the Newbery Medal had existed in 1881 to give to the Most Distinguished Contribution to American Literature for Children, I would not have been surprised to see it go to Jack and Jill...and it probably would have been the third or fourth career Newbery Medal won by Louisa May Alcott (as of 2025, no author had won it more than twice).
If you're expecting a nice, old-fashioned story of 1800s village life in Jack and Jill, then you will be surprised. Louisa May Alcott takes on a number of difficult issues in the book, including severe, lasting health problems in children, the realities of death when it hits close to home, and the bittersweet poignancy of that imperceptible shift that occurs when children begin to morph into adolescents, whether they're ready or not. If I were to compare this book to a much later one, it would have to be Susan Patron's The Higher Power of Lucky and its sequels, which took a similar tone in giving free range to the expression of its characters about the wan uncertainty of letting go of childhood and moving forward from there. Like Susan Patron's acclaimed novels, Jack and Jill is about much more than just that one issue, of course; there are ample characters and stories for a couple of full-length books at least, a tribute to the richness of thought that Louisa May Alcott put into this book. Interesting people never exist in a vacuum; neither do good, nuanced characters in a book face their troubles and moments of triumph without their friends and family going through similar situations around them.
Jack and his friend Jill (which is just a nickname for her, by the way, a playfully trite reference to her close friendship with Jack) may be the main focus of the book, but not at all by a huge measure. In the first chapter catastrophe strikes as the two friends injure themselves pretty seriously in a sled crash during the heart of winter. Jack and Jill are confined to bed for a long time; Jack has suffered a broken leg and a gash on his head, but Jill's malady appears to be far worse. Her back has sustained much damage, and she can't even walk anymore. Until the swelling goes down (if it even does), it's impossible to predict the long-term effects of Jill's injuries. Her mother manages to evade directly addressing the subject of the dubious prognosis with Jill for some time, but there certainly is a real chance that Jill may never walk again. How distressing it would be to lose the gift of physical mobility because of an ill-considered ride on a sled.
While laid up in bed, Jill begins to think that she really has nothing at all to offer to her friends or to her mother any more, and her signature spunk noticeably fades. She determines that the only way for her to do something tangibly positive for the ones she cares about is to become as well-behaved and good as possible. It's not easy to affect such a change on an immediate basis, but striving to do so gives Jill a goal that she can work toward minute by minute as she bears with her interminable time abed; and sure enough, her character does see improvement even as she lies there helplessly in her room.
Jill's changes to herself do not go unnoticed by her friends. Perhaps the second-most emphasized story in the book is that of Molly Loo and her toddler brother, Boo (again, just a playful nickname), living without a mother with their father and a maid hired to keep house. Without any outside urging, Molly Loo decides that it's time to claim responsibility and start taking care of their house; she also begins tending to Boo, learning at a very young age what it means to be in charge of the domestic share of a family's daily labor. Molly adapts her methods when what she's doing doesn't work, and keeps on trying when it would be much easier to give in and go back to the way things used to be. Her eventual reward is that the household runs much, much better as a direct result of her sustained efforts, though it takes her father a long while to notice the change since he works all the time. Through nothing but the force of her own will, Molly has changed the fortunes of her family and given herself a foothold for the future.
Jack, Jill, Molly and all of their other friends, each of whom we are given the opportunity of getting to know in this book, are speeding toward adolescence, and they know that major changes are up ahead even as their personal problems, big and small, find degrees of resolution. Nothing in their past has prepared them completely for what becoming a teenager and then an adult is like, but they do have the smaller issues that they have worked through all of their lives from which to learn. What's up ahead are, mostly, just more complex versions of the same problems that they've known previously, and if they can face those days in the future with the same determination and willingness to adapt that they have carried with them to this point, then they at least have the tools to create success in any situation they encounter, however life may twist and turn and surprise them as they, themselves, grow and change. They can hold on to each other and to the families that love them, and they will be all right no matter how dark the nights become.
Louisa May Alcott was far ahead of her time in the writing of Jack and Jill. More than a hundred years later writers were just beginning to consistently touch on the kind of deep wisdom found in this book and how it applies to new young teenagers, and unpacking the sort of experiential advice that Louisa May Alcott expertly wove into her writing many decades before any of the new guard of authors were born. It's impressive to see how out-of-the-box Louisa May Alcott was in her writing, and how evergreen a book like Jack and Jill is for kids going through the exact same sorts of physical and emotional changes that affected their forefathers. Jack and Jill will never lose its power to inspire and teach; its rendering of theme stays powerful even as the specifics of characters' daily lives becomes old-fashioned. I hope kids never stop reading Jack and Jill and learning about themselves through its realistic characters and memorable stories. I give the book three and a half stars.