NIST SP 800-171 is the foundation for CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification). It outlines 110 security requirements that organizations must follow to protect Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) in non-federal systems.
CMMC, specifically CMMC Level 2, builds directly on NIST 800-171 by requiring full implementation of all 110 controls. While NIST 800-171 is a self-attested requirement for many contractors under DFARS, CMMC requires a third-party assessment to verify those same practices are effectively in place.
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NIST 800-171 = What you need to do to protect CUI.
CMMC Level 2 = Proving you're doing it through external certification.
So if you're already working toward NIST 800-171 compliance, you're on the right path for CMMC Level 2—you just need to ensure it's fully documented, consistently implemented, and ready for audit.