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288 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1997

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Gérome: Pygmalion and Galatea
de duro est ultima ferro.And here it is in an early 18th-century translation by Sir Samuel Garth, John Dryden, and others:
protinus inrupit venae peioris in aevum
omne nefas: fugere pudor verumque fidesque;
in quorum subiere locum fraudesque dolusque
insidiaeque et vis et amor sceleratus habendi.
[vela dabant ventis nec adhuc bene noverat illos
navita, quaeque prius steterant in montibus altis…]
Hard steel succeeded then:Finally, here is the same passage from Hughes:
And stubborn as the metal, were the men.
Truth, modesty, and shame, the world forsook:
Fraud, avarice, and force, their places took.
[Then sails were spread, to every wind that blew.
Raw were the sailors, and the depths were new…]
Last comes the Age of IronThree things to note: Hughes' layout, his language, and his invention. In place of Ovid's heroic hexameters or the regular meter of earlier translators, Hughes paints freely upon the page, sometimes continuing in quasi-regular stanzas for a page or more, sometimes with wide variations of line length. Note how effective is the separation of "Modesty, Loyalty, Truth" to give each word a single line. And his language: "out of their dens in the atom… into the orbit of a smile." He draws imagery from physics or microbiology, from late 20th-century life, that Ovid could never have known. But he does it often in lines that Ovid did not even write; there are ten lines here—ten brilliant lines—that have no equivalent in the original at all; note how he gets back to some sense of regularity when he returns to direct translation.
And the day of Evil dawns.
Modesty,
Loyalty,
Truth,
Go up like a mist—a morning sigh off a graveyard.
Snares, tricks, plots come hurrying
Out of their dens in the atom.
Violence is an extrapolation
Of the cutting edge
Into the orbit of the smile.
Now comes the love of gain—a new god
Made out of the shadow
Of all the others. A god who peers
Grinning from the roots of the eye teeth.
[Now sails bulged and the cordage cracked
In winds that still bewildered the pilots…]

For now through prostrate Greece young Bacchus rode,Hughes, however, expands Ovid's three lines to eighteen, a headlong tumble of invention that surely channels the Browning of The Pied Piper of Hamelin:
Whilst howling matrons celebrate the God:
All ranks and sexes to his Orgies ran,
To mingle in the pomps, and fill the train.
The god has come. The claustrophobic landscape"Physicians, morticians, musicians, magicians"—Hughes is worth reading for such language alone.
Bumps like a drum
With the stamping dance of the revellers.
The city pours
Its entire population into the frenzy.
Children and their teachers, labourers, bankers.
Mothers and grandmothers, merchants, agents,
Prostitutes, politicians, police,
Scavengers and accountants, lawyers and burglars,
Builders, laybouts, tradesmen, con-men,
Scoundrels, tax-collectors, academicians,
Physicians, morticians, musicians, magicians,
The idle rich and the laughing mob,
Stretched mouths in glazed faces,
All as if naked, anonymous, freed
Into the ecstasy,
The dementia and the delirium
Of the new god.


'Twas now the mid of night, when slumbers closeAnd then the Hughes:
Our eyes, and sooth our cares with soft repose;
But no repose cou'd wretched Myrrha find,
Her body rouling, as she roul'd her mind:
Mad with desire, she ruminates her sin,
And wishes all her wishes o'er again…
Midnight. Mankind sprawledShe tries to resolve it by hanging herself, but is rescued by her nurse, who winkles the secret out of her and realizes that the only way to save her is to help her bring her wish about. This is perhaps an extreme example, but it bears out another point that Hughes makes in his Introduction: "All Ovid wants is the story of hopelessly besotted and doomed love in the most intense form imaginable." And on that, Hughes delivers. Read it indeed—but I would suggest small doses!
In sleep without a care.
But Myrrha writhed in her sheets.
To cool the fiery gnawings throughout her body
She drew great gasping breaths.
They made the flames worse.
Half of her prayed wildly—
In despair under the crushing
Impossibility—and half of her coolly
Plotted how to put it to the test.
She was both aghast at her own passion
And reckless to satisfy it.
Like a great tree that sways,
All but cut through by the axe,
Uncertain which way to fall,
Waiting for the axe's deciding blow,
Myrrha,
Bewildered by the opposite onslaughts
Of her lust and her conscience,
Swayed, and waited to fall.
Either way, she saw only death.
Her lust, consummated, had to be death;
Denied, had to be death.
Juno rose from her throne
Like a puff of smoke from a volcano.
In a globe of whirling light
She arrived at the home of Semele.