Very interesting book, but a difficult one for an ordinary person to understand in some sections. Still worth reading as there is information here that is not to be found in other headache books.
Here are a few random, but useful things of note, but maybe only useful to people who have had a gene analysis like 23 & Me done:
1) Chapter 2 - for people with the MTHFR variant 677C>T who accumulate more homocysteine than other people because of reduced methylation, they may be able to lower their homocysteine levels by taking B6, B12, and 5-MTHF (an active form of folic acid). The MTRR 66G and MTHFR 1298 variants also have a higher incident of migraine and may also need B vitamins. Also of interest to people with the MTHFR 677C>T variant is the ACE gene connection. This gene is concerned with the body's management of sodium and potassium (electrolyte balance). We need these minerals in the correct ratio. If you have the gene that favours the retention of salt, changing your diet to maintain the balance may be beneficial.
2) Chapter 9 - more information for people with MTHFR mutations - use of ergot alkaloids is not recommended because of the risks of vascular spasm and stroke in these people. Here also is a discussion of how some individuals are affected by caffeine. Caffeine binds to the adenosine receptors in the brain. At the time the book was written, there was some research being done focusing on the role of these receptors in migraine, sleep disturbances and other brain disorders. Some receptors may also be activated by alcohol, adding a genetic factor affecting sensitivity to alcohol. However some individuals find that caffeine is useful countering migraines since it blocks the effects of acetate - one of the breakdown products of alcohol. (And just to be confusing, other people find that caffeine contributes to migraine.)
This chapter goes on to discuss all the major drugs that are used to treat migraine. The side effects are the reason the author recommends migraine sufferers try diet and other things to prevent them from occurring, instead of coming to rely on drugs.
3) Chapter 10 has some interesting information on Chronic daily headache (CDH). The author says "these people include some of the most desperate patients of all." Many suffer from a phenomenon called allodynia, where the patient reacts to a stimulus (light touch for instance) with an exaggerated pain response. The neurons in the pain pathway become sensitised for some reason, and that reason may be because of iron deposition. More research is needed.
4) Besides magnesium, B vitamins, and the other supplements that are covered in Chapter 8, the author recommends taking a probiotic with Bifidobacterium longum for people suffering with anxiety. Anxiety can play a role in triggering headache and in worsening the pain. This bacterium is helpful as it seems to have the effect of facilitating the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin.