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Adikuasa: Merebut Orde Dunia

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“Sejarah manusia adalah sejarah adikuasa.”
Sejak awal peradaban, dunia sentiasa menyaksikan kemunculan dan kejatuhan adikuasa, iaitu negara-negara yang mendominasi politik dunia.

Dari Rom pada abad pertama, Khilafah Islam pada abad ke-7, Mongol pada abad ke-13, Uthmaniyah pada abad ke-15, Portugal dan Sepanyol pada abad ke-16, Belanda pada abad ke-17, Perancis pada abad ke-18, Britain pada abad ke-19, hingga ke Amerika Syarikat pada hari ini; setiap era mempunyai adikuasanya.

Dengan kekuatan ketenteraan, ekonomi dan budaya, mereka bukan sahaja menguasai wilayah, tetapi juga mencorakkan politik dunia, membentuk sistem ekonomi dan menyebarkan ideologi yang terus berakar hingga kini.

Namun, tiada adikuasa yang kekal selama-lamanya. Amerika Syarikat kini menghadapi kemerosotan, manakala kuasa baharu seperti China semakin mencabar dominasi globalnya.

Adakah kita sedang menyaksikan lahirnya orde dunia yang baharu? Atau mungkinkah persaingan ini akan membawa kepada perang dunia seterusnya?

Buku ini membawa pembaca merentas masa untuk meneliti sejarah 17 buah negara adikuasa yang pernah mendominasi dunia. Dengan memahami punca kebangkitan dan kejatuhan mereka, kita bukan sahaja dapat melihat corak sejarah yang berulang, tetapi juga meramalkan hala tuju masa depan.

704 pages, Paperback

Published May 23, 2025

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About the author

Ayman Rashdan Wong

12 books178 followers
Seorang Pegawai Tadbir Dan Diplomatik, graduan dalam bidang Hubungan Antarabangsa Dan Pertahanan dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia dan Universiti Malaya.

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Displaying 1 - 7 of 7 reviews
Profile Image for S.M.Y Kayseri.
300 reviews47 followers
June 1, 2025
Adikuasa (Superpower) deserves to be regarded as a class of its own, owing to the grand scope it covers, the clarity of its analysis, and the real-world impact generated by the author’s original theory on the actualization of power.

Do not let the 600 pages daunt you. The first 400 pages provide a sweeping historical survey of superpowers—from their first energetic conception in the Fertile Crescent to what may be the closing act of the superpower of our day: the United States of America. The book is enriched with a generous amount of helpful maps and figures, making the narration remarkably engaging. The author’s decision to pair (and occasionally group in threes) contemporary superpowers within each chapter proves especially helpful in guiding the reader through 6,000 years of history.

The heart of the book lies in Chapter 15, where the author formulates his own model for determining the maximum potential extent of a nation. The theory suggests that a nation or civilization reaches superpower status when it is adept at harnessing its internal potential—such as population, economy, and military strength—through four mediating factors.

These four mediating factors are: the right place (geopolitic), the right people (demopolitic), the right time (kairopolitic), and the right institution (kratopolitik). The last factor is not about whether a political system is democratic, monarchic, or authoritarian, but whether the institutions are “right” in the sense of being effective and adaptive. History shows that superpowers can emerge under various regimes—from the authoritarian empires of antiquity to the British monarchy to modern democracies like the United States.

I cannot recommend this book highly enough to any student or enthusiast of history. Regardless of one’s prior knowledge, even a common reader like myself can follow the thrust of the argument thanks to the book’s lucid flow and coherent chapter progression.
Profile Image for Jiwa Rasa.
407 reviews56 followers
July 13, 2025
Buku yang bagus. Sejarah dunia dengan melihat kekuasaan dunia sepanjang zaman.
Profile Image for SUZA.
35 reviews
June 8, 2025
Fast pace..
Captivating.
Profile Image for Megat Aiman.
49 reviews
April 17, 2026
Took my time to finish this. It reads like a crash course in geopolitics and intrnational relations, with a focus on the world’s superpowers. Love that the book took its time to go through the history of past empires, from as far back as the early Persian and Assyrian empires, to Alexander the Great of Macedonia, all the way to more recent superpowers like the Napoleonic or the French and British dominance era, the rise of the USA in WWII, the US vs Soviet Union rivalry in the Cold War, and the rise of USA as the single superpower after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the post Cold War period.

At times it was slightly hard to keep yourself engaged when the book jumped from different ruler names to another, more so when covering empires that you have close to zero prior knowledge of (the Han and Ming dynasties come to mind). To be fair to the book, at 650 pages, if it elaborated even slightly more it would probably push close to 1,000 pages and turn away more casual readers like myself.

The last three chapters are more relatable to our present day scenario, where we may be seeing the decline in the USA’s influence as the world’s unipolar superpower. China is growing and is expected to play a significant role. Russia has always been there but weakened after the collapse of the Soviet Union and Ukrainian war. WW3? The writer’s opines that it’s unlikely due to

1) nuclear war deterrence that would lead to mutual destruction
2) economic interdependence across the world. Also, the fact that
3) China and Russia, the closest challengers to USA are nowhere near matching the USA in terms of economic (GDP size) and military strength.
35 reviews2 followers
August 27, 2025
Aku boleh katakan ini adalah buku terbaik tulisan Ayman Rashdan Wong.

Memenuhi citarasa aku dari segi cara penyampaian, topik yang dibincangkan dan cara setiap bab disusun.

Aku sangat suka bagaimana buku ini menceritakan sejarah turun naik adikuasa dengan perkaitan dan sambungan dari satu adikuasa ke adikuasa seterusnya. Seolah-olah seperti membaca sebuah buku cerita yang bersambung.

Selama ini aku sukar nak nampak bagaimana satu kuasa berkait dengan kuasa seterusnya. Kalau aku baca tentang satu-satu kuasa, ia seolah-olah seperti membaca sejarah yang 'standalone'.

Tetapi selepas membaca buku ini, barulah aku nampak dengan jelas bagaimana naik turun satu-satu kuasa itu dipengaruhi oleh pelbagai kuasa sezaman dengannya, dan bagaimana kejatuhan satu-satu adikuasa menyediakan tapak untuk adikuasa seterusnya.
Profile Image for Moon.
1 review
September 5, 2025
Membaca buku ini seperti membawa kita berlayar dari awal kemunculan empayar besar sehingga ke zaman moden kini, 700 halaman dihidangkan untuk pembaca dengan setiap halaman sarat dengan pengetahuan dan maklumat yang baru. Setelah selesai membaca karya ini, pandangan terhadap apa yang berlaku pada zaman kini lebih tercerahkan.
Displaying 1 - 7 of 7 reviews