Wu was born in 1971 in Taoyuan, Taiwan (now Taoyuan District, Taoyuan). He holds a BA in marketing from Fu Jen Catholic University and a PhD in Chinese Literature from National Central University. He published his first novel in 1997.
In 2000, he began his career as Assistant Professor of Chinese Language and Literature at NDHU College of Humanities and Social Sciences and taught Chinese literature, creative writing, Mandopop, and nature writing courses. He was promoted to Associate Professor of Sinophone Literature in 2010 and become Professor of Sinophone Literature in 2012 respectively, through publications of his extraordinary creative writing works.
He received many notable awards and recognizes, including the first Taiwanese nominee of Man Booker International Prize (2018), nominee of Émile Guimet Prize for Asian Literature (2018), and "The Best Chinese Fiction Books of the Last Century" on Time Out Beijing (2015).