Οι σχέσεις των δύο φύλων και ο μαρξισμός

by Αλεξάνδρα Κολοντάι, Alexandra Kollontai

Ανάμεσα στα πολλαπλά προβλήματα πού ταράσσουν τη σκέψη και την καρδιά της σημερινής ανθρωπότητας, μια από τις πρώτες θέσεις ανήκει αναμφίβολα στο φυλετικό (σεξουαλικό) πρόβλημα. Δεν υπάρχει χώρα, δεν υπάρχει λαός, έκτος από τους θρυλικούς «νησιώτες», όπου το ζήτημα των σχέσεων μεταξύ των φύλων να μη πήρε χαρακτήρα διαρκώς πιο έντονο και πιο οδυνηρό. Η σημερινή ανθρωπότητα περνά μια σεξουαλική κρίση, όχι μόνο οξεία κατά τη μορφή της, αλλά—κι αυτό είναι πολύ πιο δυσάρεστο κι αρρωστιάρικο—μια κρίση που παρατείνεται.

Η πρώτη παράγραφος της μπροσούρας

Genres: Feminism, Nonfiction, Politics, Theory, Philosophy, Russia, Sexuality

30 pages, Unknown Binding

First published March 1, 1984

Reviews

[Lee · Rating 5 out of 5]

Kollontai spits more facts on sexual relations under dominant ideology in one paragraph than a million patronising infographics reposted by the most annoying poly person you know all put together

[Catherine · Rating 4 out of 5]

Published in 1919, Kollontai's essays on love, sex, and family still hold immense vitality almost one hundred years later. Writing after the Russian Revolution, Kollontai identifies that amid the chaos of creating a new society, it is important that the relationship between men and women be reexamined. She probes the most intimate of spaces, asking questions about the sexual behavior of the poor, the working-class, and the bourgeoise, and castigating the pursuit of "a great love" - a one, true, lasting love that will weather all changes in a person's lifetime. It is not that Kollontai thinks that it is impossible to find great love, but simply that she asks what on earth is everyone supposed to do in the interim? How are they to satisfy their sexual wants? Why shouldn't women be sexually satisfied, as well as men? In the end she promotes the idea of a "game love," or erotic friendship as a means for individuals to be fulfilled and learn the habits of a loving relationship while moving through a life that may or may not culminate in great love itself.

Kollontai has many other observations to share - that women must be taught to define themselves as more than love objects, so that no woman can be wholly undone by a broken heart; and that women must be given room in any relationship to fully participate in class struggle and all that entails. A fascinating book.

[Rosario Diaz · Rating 4 out of 5]

this felt almost poetic at times, so nicely written but also so painfully obvious like why do we still have to keep fighting for the same reason that they were back in 1911

[Azia · Rating 4 out of 5]

the OG situationship advocate

[renee · Rating 3 out of 5]

some problematic/antiquated points

[azul marmolejo · Rating 5 out of 5]

“La crisis sexual no será resuelta a menos que se produzca una reforma radical de la psiquis humana, y a menos que se incremente el potencial de amar del hombre. Y es esencial una transformación básica de las relaciones socio-económicas en las filas comunistas si se va a reformar la mentalidad. Esta es una «vieja verdad» pero no hay otra salida. La crisis sexual no será de otra forma reducida, cualquiera sea el tipo de matrimonio o relaciones personales que las personas se preocupen por probar.

[…]

Estamos acostumbrados a evaluar a una mujer no como una personalidad con cualidades individuales y fracasos separados de su experiencia física y emocional, sino solo como apéndice del hombre.

[…]

Este hombre, el esposo o el amante lanza la luz de su personalidad sobre la mujer, y es este reflejo y no el de la propia mujer lo que consideramos la verdadera definición de su formación moral. A los ojos de la sociedad, la personalidad del hombre puede ser con mayor facilidad separada de sus acciones en la esfera sexual. La personalidad de una mujer se juzga casi exclusivamente en términos de su vida sexual. Este tipo de actitud emana del rol que las mujeres han jugado en la sociedad a través de los siglos y es solo ahora que una reevaluación de esas actitudes comienza a alcanzarse, por lo menos a dibujarse. Solo un cambio del papel económico de la mujer y su vinculación independiente en la producción, puede y traerá el debilitamiento de estas ideas hipócritas y equivocadas.

[…]

Si, en medio del complicado laberinto de las enredadas y contradictorias normas sexuales, quieren encontrar los comienzos de una relación más sana entre los sexos –relaciones que prometan guiar a la humanidad para salir de la crisis sexual– deberán dejarse los «cultos aposentos» de la burguesía, con su refinada mentalidad individualista, y echar un vistazo a los populares hogares de la clase obrera. Allí, en medio del horror y la inmundicia del capitalismo, en medio de las lágrimas y las maldiciones, las corrientes de vida están emergiendo.”

[e☆]

can be read here: https://www.marxists.org/archive/koll...


"The idea that some members are unequal and must submit to other members of one and the same class is in contradiction with the basic proletarian principle of comradeship. This principle of comradeship is basic to the ideology of the working class. It colours and determines the whole developing proletarian morality, a morality which helps to re-educate the personality of man, allowing him to be capable of feeling, capable of freedom instead of being bound by a sense of property, capable of comradeship rather than inequality and submission.”


Kollontai criticizes the concept of a "great love" and discusses the properties of bourgeois and patrimonial societies understanding of morality and how in bourgeois societies even the non-physical aspects of a person has become commodified. really interesting (and short)

[Mamoru Hosoya · Rating 3 out of 5]

Difficult to follow, but unfortunately still relevant critique of the sexual relations under capitalism.

For example, men feeling alienated and lost and thinking and being indoctrinated that achieving a relationship with a perceived soul mate or having a girlfriend is something as an all encompassing solution to modern life.

Another example, conservative men obsessed with men providing family and being a breadwinner complaining about how girls be golddiggers, but for a long time, that was the role that women were subjected into, so a traditional woman is supposed to be a housewife and marry a rich or higher social position guy. So which the fuck is it, you want a traditional women, right???

[Gonzalo · Rating 4 out of 5]

un texto muy interesante teniendo en cuenta que fue escrito en 1911 pero me da bastante pena que lo que dice kollontai esté tan a la orden del día... ¿no hemos avanzado nada en 110 años?

“una persona quiere escapar de su soledad e ingenuamente imagina que estar «enamorado» le da derecho al alma de la otra persona —el derecho a calentarse a sí mismo en los rayos de esa rara bendición de cercanía y entendimiento emocional—. nosotros, individualistas, hemos visto nuestras emociones estropeadas en el persistente culto del «ego»”.

[inês ‧₊☽◯☾₊‧]

'the idea that the married pair are each other's property is so accepted that when a young couple who were yesterday each living their own separate lives are today opening each others correspondence without a blush.' YES

[Esther L. · Rating 3 out of 5]

3'5

[Vagner · Rating 3 out of 5]

Sempre bom revisitar a autora mas os comentários do Gilson Dantas na edição em Português da Editora Centelha Cultural são horríveis e tendenciosos

[Jake · Rating 4 out of 5]

Suprising to see discussions of love and relationship advice (somewhat) in my communist readings, but most definitely not unwelcome

[fowzia. · Rating 4 out of 5]

i liked the second essay the most. the ideas around ‘game-love’ were interesting (but depressing) 😭

[Persefoni · Rating 5 out of 5]

Η Κολλοντάι τα έλεγε ήδη από το 1919. Αρχίδια εξέγερση σύντροφοι

[Al Capwned · Rating 3 out of 5]

Ένα έργο ενδεικτικό της εποχής και των γεγονότων, τα οποία οδήγησαν στη συγγραφή του.