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مایکرۆمێگاس
فڕانسوا ماری ئاڕوێ یانیش ڤۆڵتێر، نووسەر و فەیلەسوف و مێژوونووسێکی سەردەمی ڕۆشنگەریی فەرەنسا بوو کە بە بیرکردنەوە تیژ و ڕەخنە بێوچانەکانی لە مەسیحیەت (بە تایبەت کڵێسای کاسۆلیکی ڕۆمانی) و دەمارگرژی و کۆیلایەتی و ستەمکاری ناسرابوو. داکۆکیکارێکی توند و ڕاستوڕەوانی مافە مەدەنییەکان و ئاقڵمەندی، ئازادی ڕادەربڕین, ئازادی دینی و جیاکردنەوەی ئایین لە دەوڵەت بوو. نووسەرێکی پڕ بەرهەم کە خاوەن پێنووسێکی بەپیت و بڕشت بوو، بەنزیکەیی لە هەموو چەشنێکی ئەدەبی و بە هەموو فۆڕمێکی ئەدەبی بەرهەمی هەیە، لە شانۆ و شعرەوە بگرە تاکو دەگاتە ڕۆمان و مێژوو و نامیلکە، هەتا چەند داڕشتن و شڕۆڤەیەکی زانستییشی هەن. زیاتر لە بیست هەزار نامە و زیاد لە دوو هەزار کتێب و نامیلکە و پەخشانی نووسیوە. بەرهەمەکانی هەمیشە لە ژێر هەڕەشە و مەترسی قەدەغەکردن بوون لەلایەن یاسا توندەکانی ڕژێمی پاشایەتی کاسۆلیکی فەڕەنسی ئەو سەردەمدا. نووسینە پڕ لە دمەدمەکانی توانجیان لە بیرتەسکی و دەمارگرژیی ئایین و دەستەڵاتی ئەوکاتی فەڕەنسا دەدا و بەهاکانی دەشکاندنەوە. ڤۆڵتێر یەکێ بوو لەو یەکەمین نووسەرانەی کە ناوبانگیان لە سنووری وڵاتی خۆیان دەرچوو و لە هەموو سووچێکی جیهاندا ناسران و بەرهەمەکانیان دەخوێندرایەوە و وەردەگێڕدران. ئەم کتێبە، مشتەیەکە لە کۆمەڵێک بەرهەمی جیاجیا کە وەرگێڕ کۆی کردوونەتەوە و لە نێوان دوو بەرگدا کورداندوویەتی و پێشکەشی خوێنەری کردوون. ئەم کتێبە درەوشاوەیی و لێهاتوویی ڤۆڵتێر پیشان دەدات، پەنجەرەیەکە خوێنەری کورد تێیدا ئەندێشە و زیرەکی مێشکی یەکێک لە کاریگەرترین بیرمەندانی مێژوو دەبینێ. ئەم کتێبە لە تێڕوانینە فەلسەفی و گەشتە ئاسمانییەکانی مایکرۆمێگاسەوە دەست پێدەکات و بە نێو خەونەکانی ئەفلاتون دا تێپەڕدەبێت و زۆر شت دەبینێت و دواتریش خۆی بۆ ناو دیالۆگەکانی فەیلەسوف و سروشت، مارکۆس ئۆریلیۆس و ڕەبەنێکی فڕانسیزی هەڵدەدات.
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Published April 9, 2025
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About the author
Voltaire
9,447 books4,964 followersComplete works (1880) : https://archive.org/details/oeuvresco...
In 1694, Age of Enlightenment leader Francois-Marie Arouet, known as Voltaire, was born in Paris. Jesuit-educated, he began writing clever verses by the age of 12. He launched a lifelong, successful playwriting career in 1718, interrupted by imprisonment in the Bastille. Upon a second imprisonment, in which Francois adopted the pen name Voltaire, he was released after agreeing to move to London. There he wrote Lettres philosophiques (1733), which galvanized French reform. The book also satirized the religious teachings of Rene Descartes and Blaise Pascal, including Pascal's famed "wager" on God. Voltaire wrote: "The interest I have in believing a thing is not a proof of the existence of that thing." Voltaire's French publisher was sent to the Bastille and Voltaire had to escape from Paris again, as judges sentenced the book to be "torn and burned in the Palace." Voltaire spent a calm 16 years with his deistic mistress, Madame du Chatelet, in Lorraine. He met the 27 year old married mother when he was 39. In his memoirs, he wrote: "I found, in 1733, a young woman who thought as I did, and decided to spend several years in the country, cultivating her mind." He dedicated Traite de metaphysique to her. In it the Deist candidly rejected immortality and questioned belief in God. It was not published until the 1780s. Voltaire continued writing amusing but meaty philosophical plays and histories. After the earthquake that leveled Lisbon in 1755, in which 15,000 people perished and another 15,000 were wounded, Voltaire wrote Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne (Poem on the Lisbon Disaster): "But how conceive a God supremely good/ Who heaps his favours on the sons he loves,/ Yet scatters evil with as large a hand?"
Voltaire purchased a chateau in Geneva, where, among other works, he wrote Candide (1759). To avoid Calvinist persecution, Voltaire moved across the border to Ferney, where the wealthy writer lived for 18 years until his death. Voltaire began to openly challenge Christianity, calling it "the infamous thing." He wrote Frederick the Great: "Christianity is the most ridiculous, the most absurd, and bloody religion that has ever infected the world." Voltaire ended every letter to friends with "Ecrasez l'infame" (crush the infamy — the Christian religion). His pamphlet, The Sermon on the Fifty (1762) went after transubstantiation, miracles, biblical contradictions, the Jewish religion, and the Christian God. Voltaire wrote that a true god "surely cannot have been born of a girl, nor died on the gibbet, nor be eaten in a piece of dough," or inspired "books, filled with contradictions, madness, and horror." He also published excerpts of Testament of the Abbe Meslier, by an atheist priest, in Holland, which advanced the Enlightenment. Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary was published in 1764 without his name. Although the first edition immediately sold out, Geneva officials, followed by Dutch and Parisian, had the books burned. It was published in 1769 as two large volumes. Voltaire campaigned fiercely against civil atrocities in the name of religion, writing pamphlets and commentaries about the barbaric execution of a Huguenot trader, who was first broken at the wheel, then burned at the stake, in 1762. Voltaire's campaign for justice and restitution ended with a posthumous retrial in 1765, during which 40 Parisian judges declared the defendant innocent. Voltaire urgently tried to save the life of Chevalier de la Barre, a 19 year old sentenced to death for blasphemy for failing to remove his hat during a religious procession. In 1766, Chevalier was beheaded after being tortured, then his body was burned, along with a copy of Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary. Voltaire's statue at the Pantheon was melted down during Nazi occupation. D. 1778.
Voltaire (1694-1778), pseudónimo de François-
In 1694, Age of Enlightenment leader Francois-Marie Arouet, known as Voltaire, was born in Paris. Jesuit-educated, he began writing clever verses by the age of 12. He launched a lifelong, successful playwriting career in 1718, interrupted by imprisonment in the Bastille. Upon a second imprisonment, in which Francois adopted the pen name Voltaire, he was released after agreeing to move to London. There he wrote Lettres philosophiques (1733), which galvanized French reform. The book also satirized the religious teachings of Rene Descartes and Blaise Pascal, including Pascal's famed "wager" on God. Voltaire wrote: "The interest I have in believing a thing is not a proof of the existence of that thing." Voltaire's French publisher was sent to the Bastille and Voltaire had to escape from Paris again, as judges sentenced the book to be "torn and burned in the Palace." Voltaire spent a calm 16 years with his deistic mistress, Madame du Chatelet, in Lorraine. He met the 27 year old married mother when he was 39. In his memoirs, he wrote: "I found, in 1733, a young woman who thought as I did, and decided to spend several years in the country, cultivating her mind." He dedicated Traite de metaphysique to her. In it the Deist candidly rejected immortality and questioned belief in God. It was not published until the 1780s. Voltaire continued writing amusing but meaty philosophical plays and histories. After the earthquake that leveled Lisbon in 1755, in which 15,000 people perished and another 15,000 were wounded, Voltaire wrote Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne (Poem on the Lisbon Disaster): "But how conceive a God supremely good/ Who heaps his favours on the sons he loves,/ Yet scatters evil with as large a hand?"
Voltaire purchased a chateau in Geneva, where, among other works, he wrote Candide (1759). To avoid Calvinist persecution, Voltaire moved across the border to Ferney, where the wealthy writer lived for 18 years until his death. Voltaire began to openly challenge Christianity, calling it "the infamous thing." He wrote Frederick the Great: "Christianity is the most ridiculous, the most absurd, and bloody religion that has ever infected the world." Voltaire ended every letter to friends with "Ecrasez l'infame" (crush the infamy — the Christian religion). His pamphlet, The Sermon on the Fifty (1762) went after transubstantiation, miracles, biblical contradictions, the Jewish religion, and the Christian God. Voltaire wrote that a true god "surely cannot have been born of a girl, nor died on the gibbet, nor be eaten in a piece of dough," or inspired "books, filled with contradictions, madness, and horror." He also published excerpts of Testament of the Abbe Meslier, by an atheist priest, in Holland, which advanced the Enlightenment. Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary was published in 1764 without his name. Although the first edition immediately sold out, Geneva officials, followed by Dutch and Parisian, had the books burned. It was published in 1769 as two large volumes. Voltaire campaigned fiercely against civil atrocities in the name of religion, writing pamphlets and commentaries about the barbaric execution of a Huguenot trader, who was first broken at the wheel, then burned at the stake, in 1762. Voltaire's campaign for justice and restitution ended with a posthumous retrial in 1765, during which 40 Parisian judges declared the defendant innocent. Voltaire urgently tried to save the life of Chevalier de la Barre, a 19 year old sentenced to death for blasphemy for failing to remove his hat during a religious procession. In 1766, Chevalier was beheaded after being tortured, then his body was burned, along with a copy of Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary. Voltaire's statue at the Pantheon was melted down during Nazi occupation. D. 1778.
Voltaire (1694-1778), pseudónimo de François-
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May 25, 2025
Amazing, just amazing, it takes you there, here, and there again, it makes you question everything and nothing at the same time...
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