This book was the the tipping point in my recent exploration of the Jungian genre. I now officially self-identify as a Jungian. Powerful book that lays out the psychological process of our yearning and search for "the one".
This short book is now a must-read in my view. Its 144 pages but the main meat and power in this book is the first 3 chapters, a total of 85 pages.
The Eden Project - Part 1 of 3: Understanding Our Yearning For Connection and How It Can Destroy Our Relationships.
This series, consisting of 3 notes that I hope to publish, lays out the fundamental psychological process of what’s happening beneath the surface when we seek a soulmate or romantic partner. It’s quite the disturbing eye-opener for those of us who consider ourselves “romantics,” and “searching for our one true love.” The first note deals primarily with the difficulty of two people trying to genuinely connect beneath all the layers of false expectations and pre-programmed ideas of what a relationship is actually all about. Before anyone becomes too despondent about the seemingly impossibility of having a genuine relationship, hang in there for parts 2 and 3 which will lay out a pathway for healthy and successful relationships. It is not easy and there is a lot to overcome in the process, but it can lead to genuine and lasting relationships.
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The following are crucial excerpts from this eye-opening book:
The Eden Project – In Search of the Magical Other – James Hollis
A Jungian Perspective on Relationship
This book is essentially an essay on the psychodynamics of relationship. Its intention is heuristic [Enabling a person to discover or learn something for themselves], to provoke thought and response, and to serve as a sort of corrective to the generalized fantasies about relationships that permeate our culture.
It is not meant to be a practical guide on how to fix a relationship. Rather it is an effort to evoke deeper reflection on the nature of relationship, to provide a challenge to enlarged personal responsibility in relationships, and to inspire a desire for personal growth as opposed to the fantasy of rescue through others. Its premises may be disappointing to some, and as a matter of fact I don’t care much for them myself, but they are, I believe, more practical and more ethical than the many alternatives that float through our popular culture.
…If there is a single idea which permeates this essay it is that the quality of all our relationships is a direct function of our relationship to ourselves. Since much of our relationship to ourselves operate at an unconscious level, most of the drama and dynamics of our relationships to other and to the transcendent is expressive of our own personal psychology. The best thing we can do for our relationships with others, and with the transcendent, then, is to render our relationship to ourselves more conscious.
This is not a narcissistic activity. In fact, it will prove to be the most loving thing we can do for the Other. The greatest gift to other is our own best selves. Thus, paradoxically, if we are to serve relationships well, we are obliged to affirm our individual journey. - Pages – 12, 13
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It is no accident that all peoples, past and present, have had their mythology of a lost paradise. …Perhaps this tribal memory is but the neurological hologram of our own birth trauma, a separation from which we never fully recover. Perhaps a clue may be found in the two trees of Eden in Genesis. One is the Tree of Life and the other is the Tree of Knowledge. Of the former one may eat, but eating of the latter begins the joyless trek out of Paradise.
…Once the dream-time in the Garden is truncated, the shock of separation is so systemic, so seismic, that it remains imprinted on the neurological pathways, abiding in the unconscious as lost connectedness. It is no accident that the primary motive, the hidden agenda in any relationship, is the yearning to return. It is the cardinal’s project, the Eden project, the professed aim of the Romantic poets, the yearning of the Beloved. - Pages – 15, 16, 17
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It is impossible for the parent to wholly manage the task of providing connection with the child while at the same time progressively separating. So the toddler wails, when the parent goes out of sight. Even when diverted or mollified, the child still does not forget these injuries. Thrown by fate into this family or that, the child can only read the environment for clues. This reading is necessarily partial, that is, limited to that specific family, without awareness that an infinite variety of other models are possible. But from such partial views of the world huge decisions are made before there is sufficient consciousness to allow a differentiated understanding. - Page – 18
…As birth itself seems a kind of gigantic, systemic wound… The British psychiatrist D.W. Winnicott coined the expression “good enough” parent, which allows all of us to reclaim our parental histories. But it is nonetheless inevitable that the prime source of wounding to the child will be the parents. Since we are human, our less than perfect nature will necessarily impinge on the child and leave its imprint forever. As any therapist knows, the primary area in which growth is blocked, or relationship stuck, usually becomes clear in processing these parent-child encounters which are internalized as complexes.
…The parental complexes are usually the most influential because they constitute the original experience of relationship, and remain its chief paradigm. Again, because of the subjective misreading of these primal relationships, the power of the parental complexes to determine the character of subsequent relationships cannot be overstated. - Pages – 20, 21, 22
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Are we doomed to these patterns? Surely we are free to be and to behave otherwise. Yes, but that requires a high degree of conscious awareness of the pattern, and we can only know something is a pattern when we have done it several times. Moreover, until midlife or later we have seldom gained sufficient ego strength to reflect upon our choices. The young person is still too unconscious and cannot risk any self-doubt in the already shaky enterprise of life. Even aging does not necessarily produce consciousness. Think of those who have multiple marriages, undeterred by the intimation of a pattern in the dynamics of their relationships, unaware of the unconscious templates dictating their choices as they set off in search of a new Beloved.
Only when one has suffered the collapse of projections onto the Other, …may one begin to recognize that the enemy is within, that the Other is not what he or she may seem, and that one is summoned to a deep personal accounting before one can begin to clear the terrain for true relationship. One does not come to such recognitions easily, without having suffered failure, shame, rage or humiliation. But in such dreary states may be found the beginning of insight into oneself, without which no lasting relationship may be achieved.
…Consider the obvious, then, that we can hardly have a conscious, efficacious relationship with the Other when we have a deeply wounded relationship with ourselves. Consider, then, how difficult it is to have any relationship at all. All that I do not know about myself, all of my secret projects for healing myself of the wounds derived from my culture and family of origin. I am now imposing on you. All the complexes I have acquired in my life on this earth, you will have to suffer from me. How could I do that to you, while professing to love you? How can you do that to me, while professing to love me?
…So we bring ourselves to relationship. With scant knowledge of ourselves, we seek our identity in the mirror of the Other, as we once did in Mom and Dad. With all our wounds of this perilous condition we seek a safe harbor in the Other who, alas, is seeking the same in us. We bring the immensity of the cardinal’s project, the yearning to merge with the Other, the one who will protect, nurture and save us. - Pages – 28, 30, 32
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The other great false idea that drives humankind is the fantasy of the Magical Other, the notion that there is one person out there who is right for us, will make our lives work, a soul-mate who will repair the ravages of our personal history; one who will be there for us, who will read our minds, know what we want and meet those deepest needs; a good parent who will protect us from suffering and, if we are lucky, spare us the perilous journey of individuation.
Virtually all popular culture is fueled by this idea and its fallout - the search for the Magical Other, finding him or her, the dismaying discovery of this Other’s humanness, and the renewed search… Listen to the next ten songs on the car radio. Nine of them will be about the hunt for the Magical Other.
…So, to be fascinated by the Other is to be possessed by an affective idea. This is what happens in projection. In the most rabid stage of being in love – and rabid is by no means too strong a word – one is unable to do other than obsess on the Other. One is caught in a projective identification with the heart’s desire, the boundaries between self and Other dissolving again, as they did for the infant. This is the unconscious underpinning of the fascination with the Other: the search to recover the lost paradise of childhood, the original participation mystique with the primary caregivers.
…Romantic love, by which we mean that elan, that heightened ardor, that intense yearning for the Beloved, that frantic grappling, that profound sorrow when the Beloved is lost, that anxious uncertainty about the fixity of the Other – all this and more is both the greatest source of energy and the chief narcotic of our time. …One may even suggest that romantic love has replaced institutional religion as the greatest motive power and influence in our lives.
So, the search for love has replaced the search for G-d. Shocking thought? Untrue? Again, simply surf the stations of the radio. Almost all the popular songs express the “religiosity” of romantic love. Recall the etymology of the word religion – “to bind back to, reconnect with.” Hitherto we sought this in relationship with a supreme being; now we seek it through immersion in an Other. - Pages – 37, 40, 43
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In Projection and Re-Collection in Jungian Psychology, Zurich analyst Marie-Louise von Franz has delineated the fivefold process of projection and then re-collecting our psychic fragments.
#1 – First, a person is convinced that his or her inner experience is truly outer, for it is experienced “out there.” Thus one may fall deeply in love or deeply into suspicion. One man I knew followed his wife everywhere because he was convinced she was having an affairs. He hired detectives, obliged her to take two polygraph tests, and still could not believe her protestations of fidelity. As an eight year old he had seen his mother drive away with another man and he never saw her again. He could not believe that this second woman, to whom he had given his heart, could be any different.
#2 – The second stage of the projective process arises out of the often gradual perception of discrepancy, the widening gulf between who the Other is supposed to be in our concrete experience. Why does she act in such apparent disregard for my agenda? Why does he not seem devoted only to me? Why is she sometimes fractious and intractable? Niggling questions grow into large doubts. Doubts lead to consternation. One begins to question the reality of the Other, after all. This is troubling and accounts for the fact that so many couples move from naïve relatedness to the jousting of power. If you do not act as I wish, I shall bring about your compliance by my actions. I will control you, criticize you, abuse you, withdraw from you, sabotage you. Seldom are these attitudes and behaviors conscious, but they are there, filling in the gaps.
The loss of a projection is often painful, and the broader the projection, the deeper the hurt. One has been counting on the Other to make the journey back home possible. …Often by the time a couple seeks therapy, each feels viscerally wounded by the Other. The bloodletting has been considerable. Each see the therapist not as a neutral third party, but as a judge who will rule his or her position just. By this time, the couple has usually fallen out of love and the power principle prevails.
#3 – The third stage of the projective process, whether in or out of therapy, obliges the assessment of this new perception of the Other. One’s partner must now be seen anew. What is going on between us? Who, really, is he/she?
#4 – The fourth stage leads one to recognize that what one perceived was actually not real, that one was not experiencing the Other out there, but the Other in here. This step represents an act of ethical courage, for it helps to lift the cosmic project off the shoulders of the Other.
#5 – The fifth stage requires the search for the origin of that projected energy within oneself. This is to ask for the meaning of the projection. Which part of me was projected, and to what end? Since projections are by definition originally unconscious, we can only withdraw them when we have sustained the suffering of discrepancy. - Pages – 51, 52,
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Apart from the pain of such discrepancies, we may detect projections in the same three ways in which we detect complexes.
Firstly, there are predictable situations in which complexes, or projections, are likely to be activated. Most generally, the entire sphere of intimacy is one such charged field in which projections are being exchanged at all times. This fact may seem depressing – it is in any case humbling – for one does not really know the Other, ever, and what we do not know we are prone to fill with our own projected material. Even those who lived together for decades barely know each other, psychologically speaking, though they may be greatly habituated to each other.
Secondly, we may experience projection in a physical way. A churning stomach, a quickening heart, sweaty palms and so on are somatic states that can alert us to the likelihood of projection.
Thirdly, in projection the quantity of energy discharged is always disproportionate to the situation. Since the field of intimate relationship carries the burden of the “going home” project, so the largeness of the energy we feel in such a relationship is evidence of the largeness of the agenda projected. This is not to say that relationships are not profoundly important, but rather that we may make them too important. Again, this is why one is bereft at the loss of the Other, sometimes suicidal, for the fantasy of recovering the lost Primal Other has crumbled. We are meant to grieve loss, of course, but too often the overvaluation of the Other is achieved only through the devaluation of oneself. - Pages – 52, 53
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Those vested deeply in the idea of romance will no doubt protest, but then they will remain enslaved to the pursuit of the illusory Magical Other. The reader groans and asks, “But is there no romance? Is there nothing that makes life interesting, exciting?” but yes, of course! And that is the wonderful side of projection.
Certainly, the words of this text will not stop projection any more than we can ever become wholly conscious. When we soberly review the history of our relationships, we are obliged to acknowledge that they began at one place and evolved to quite another.
…Ultimately, the health and hope of any intimate relationship will depend on each party’s willingness to assume responsibility for the relationship to one’s own unconscious material. Sounds logical, even easy, yet nothing is more difficult. The chief burden on any relationship derives both from our unwillingness to assume responsibility and from the immensity of the project.
It takes great courage to ask this fundamental question: “What am I asking of this Other that I ought to be doing for myself?” If, for example, I am asking the Other to be mindful of my self-esteem, I have a project waiting unaddressed. If I am expecting the Other to be the good parent and take care of me, then I have not grown up. If I am expecting the Other to spare me the rigor and terror of living my own journey, then I have abdicated from the chief task and most worthy reason for my incarnation on this earth.
…Projection, fusion, “going home,” is easy; loving another’s otherness is heroic. If we really love the Other as Other, we have heroically taken on the responsibility for our own individuation, our own journey. - Pages – 56, 57
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The going home project is deeply programmed in us from our traumatic onsets. But, as we see all around us, it remains the chief saboteur of intimate relationships. Thus, we are all caught between the deeply programmed desire to fuse with the Other and the inner imperative to separate, to individuate. This tension of opposites will always be present. Holding that tension, bringing it to consciousness, is the moral task of both parties in any close relationship, a task that requires conscious effort and heroic will.
When one has let go of that great hidden agenda that drives humanity and its varied histories, then one can begin to encounter the immensity of one’s own soul. If we are courageous enough to say, “Not this person, nor any other, can ultimately give me what I want; only I can.” Then we are free to celebrate a relationship for what it can give. The paradox lies in the fact that the Other can be a means through which one is enabled to glimpse the immensity of one’s own soul and live a portion of one’s individuation. – Page 58
We are travelers, all and separately. We are thrown by fate into adjacent seats on a flight to the coast. In our solitude we may enhance the journey of the Other, who may likewise enhance ours. We embarked separately, we disembark separately, and we head for our appointed ends separately. We profit greatly from each other without using each other. Our projections upon the Other are inevitable; not bad, really, for they enrich the journey, but if we hold on to them they become diversions from our individual task. – Page 61
…When relationship is not driven by need, but by caring for the other as Other, then we are really free to experience him or her. – Page 64
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