Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz (also known as "Litwos"; May 5, 1846–November 15, 1916) was a Polish journalist and Nobel Prize-winning novelist. He was one of the most popular Polish writers at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1905 for his "outstanding merits as an epic writer."
Born into an impoverished gentry family in the Podlasie village of Wola Okrzejska, in Russian-ruled Poland, Sienkiewicz wrote historical novels set during the Rzeczpospolita (Polish Republic, or Commonwealth). His works were noted for their negative portrayal of the Teutonic Order in The Teutonic Knights (Krzyżacy), which was remarkable as a significant portion of his readership lived under German rule. Many of his novels were first serialized in newspapers, and even today are still in print. In Poland, he is best known for his historical novels "With Fire and Sword", "The Deluge", and "Fire in the Steppe" (The Trilogy) set during the 17th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, while internationally he is best known for Quo Vadis, set in Nero's Rome. Quo Vadis has been filmed several times, most notably the 1951 version.
Sienkiewicz was meticulous in attempting to recreate the authenticity of historical language. In his Trilogy, for instance, he had his characters use the Polish language as he imagined it was spoken in the seventeenth century (in reality it was far more similar to 19th-century Polish than he imagined). In The Teutonic Knights, which relates to the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, he even had his characters speak a variety of medieval Polish which he recreated in part from archaic expressions then still common among the highlanders of Podhale.
In 1881, Sienkiewicz married Maria Szetkiewicz (1854-1885). They had two children, Henryk Józef (1882-1959) and Jadwiga Maria (1883–1969).
3* Höflichkeitshalber, die literarische Qualität bewegt sich eher auf 2*-Niveau. Aber immerhin lässt sich eine qualitative Steigerungskurve ausmachen.
Die Trilogie beschreibt die hausgemachten Probleme im Wahlkönigtum Polen, das sich als Republik versteht und den Nachbarn als leichte Beute erscheint. In diesem Zusammenhang bekommt die Zivilbevölkerung dieselbe Kur verabreicht wie vorher Bauern und Bürger des Heiligen Römischen Reiches Deutscher Nation im 30-jährigen Krieg. Denn die Söldner und Veteranen aus der gerade glücklich zu Ende gebrachten Veranstaltungen machen mit den gewohnten Methoden einfach weiter östlich weiter. Wie gewisse Deutsche fühlen sich auf die Polen als die für Martyrium auserwählte Nation. Bei jedem der drei geschilderten Einfälle durch Kosaken, Schweden oder Türken trägt der Feind im Inneren, bzw. der Opportunismus der Oberschicht viel zum anfänglichen Erfolg der Eindringlinge bei, die in I&III auch reichlich Zulauf von Opfern des polnischen Dünkels bzw. Rassismus bekommen. Der Aufklärungswert bei dieser Thematik rechtfertigt den dritten Stern, nicht aber die literarische Qualität. Die Könige sind schlecht beratene Luschen, der erste von beiden ist Jan-Kasimir, ein Angehöriger des schwedischen Königshauses Wasa, den sein Jagollonen-Blut zwar für den Thron qualifiziert, aber nicht vor dem Überfall durch die eigene Verwandtschaft schützt. Im ersten Teil verplempern JK und sein Rat sämtliche Erfolge des Heldenkreises und der enormen Blutopfer, daher ist mir die bedingungslose Loyalität von Nestor Pan Zaloga, des kleinen Ritters Michal und Co absolut schleierhaft. Der einzige, der eine Lernkurve durchläuft, ist der Raubritter oder Bandenführer Kimcic, der sich erst als Werkzeug für die aufbegehrlichen Radziwils anwerben lässt, nach dem Blick hinter die Kulissen des Machtkampfes aber die Seiten wechselt. Sonst ist Motivation eine ganz große Schwäche des Romans, viele der Handlungen sind einfach einem nie so recht erklärten Ehrenkodex geschuldet, Das andauernde Geschrei wegen Rassismus im Alltag wie bei alten Büchern ist mir genauso zuwider das masochistischer Paranoia geprägte Sendungsbewusstsein gewisser Deutscher, die hinter jede Niederlage und jedem Rückschlag eine Weltverschwörung gegen eine Nation sehen, die alles besser kann und deshalb permanent den Niederträchtigkeiten der Restwelt ausgesetzt ist. Aber der Umgang Sienkiewicz als Autor* mit seinen Antagonisten Bohun und Azya, die polnische Mustermädchen zwar begehren, aber nicht berühren dürfen, widert mich echt an. Nun ja, er lässt genügend nicht ganz so vorbildliche Frauen und Mädchen aus der auserwählten Nation unwiderruflich in die Sklaverei und türkische Harems fallen. * Damit meine ich nicht irgend welche Aussprüche seiner Haudegen, wer sich über gerade nicht so opportune Auswüchse von Rollenprosa aufregt, sollte nur frisch gezapfte Milch der woken Denke konsumieren, in dem Lamm und Löwe friedlich auf derselben Weide Gras fressen.
Exceptionally difficult even if compared to other authors of mid 1800. Lots of names, frequently intervalled by nick names, family names or noble titles referring to the same person; thus making it impossible to clearly follow the plot. My translation in English was probably poor: I do perceive a certain literary value and some of the 100+ chapters were intriguing but far too many pages (even for the 19th century) were filled with pompous dialogues, with painstakingly detailed descriptions of battles and endless repetitive praises. And yes... I read it all and this is a challenge on its own.
This is an epic trilogy written by the Nobel Prize-winning Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz in the 1880s. Each book is a historical romance/military novel set during succeeding periods of conflict in the 17th Century when the Polish-Lithuanian nation faced destruction by seemingly overwhelming odds, and yet won through. He wrote the books, a mingling of fact and fiction, partly to ‘strengthen hearts’ in a nation overrun and partitioned by three neighbouring empires, a nation then yearning for a return to freedom, sovereignty and independence.
It was all so exciting! And so educational. At various moments the writing reminded me of The Iliad, and War and Peace, and Shakespeare’s History Plays, and the stories of Walter Scott and Bernard Cornwell. The plots were masterful and so were the characters. The writing was skilful, even in English translation. The action was vivid and climactic.
Each book has common themes. At the personal level there is a hero, and a resourceful heroine kidnapped by a villainous rival, who must be overcome. At the wider level, there is war, treachery, division within Polish society, brutality, a great Polish general, a siege, skirmishes, a major battle. The first book ‘With fire and sword’ covers a great Cossack uprising, a kind of peasants’ revolt, in (then Polish) Ukraine in the 1640s. The second book ‘The deluge’ centres more on Lithuania and central Poland and covers the invasion by Sweden and others in the 1650s. The third book ‘Fire in the steppe’ (or ‘Sir Michael’) is set again in Ukraine and covers a massive invasion by Turks in the 1670s.
Despite these common themes, each book is very different. The heroes and heroines (and their enemies) differ greatly in character in each book. Jan Skrzetuski is pious, moral and honourable. Andrzej Kmicic is impetuous and irascible. Michael Wolodyjowski is brilliant in war and unlucky in love. They are matched well by strong heroines Helena, Aleksandra and Barbara (Basia). Some of the heroes, notably Michael and Onufry Zagloba, play a leading part in all three books. Zagloba in particular is a wonderful Falstaffian character. The most satisfying of the three books for me was The Deluge, as Andrzej Kmicic developed from misunderstood villain to hero, his opponent was brilliant and ruthless, and it seemed almost impossible - until the final scene - for Andrzej and Aleksandra to be united. The action covered a huge area and the future of Poland was perilous, resting on the defence of a single defiant monastery.
These books are mainly about war and comradeship and honour. I learned a huge amount about the region’s history and culture. The more than six months I spent reading them was time well spent.
One of the best book series ever. May be hard to keep track of all the names and some might consider it a slow read. I loved it and would highly recommend it, however, as it has history, romance, adventure, politics and ethics all rolled into a series that is both comic and tragic.