Nonfiction>Holocaust, WWII
Such a heartbreaking story. Very much worth your time to read, but be prepared to allow some recovery time because the material is hard. Not hard to follow, and not hard to get into, but hard to imagine the suffering, heartache, and evil that is described. I am not even someone who tends to absorb the atmosphere of books I read very well--I don't hear the character's voices talking or imagine the scenes described. Even I couldn't help be be sucked into the world of the Warsaw Ghetto.
I read this with a work book club and we all felt it was thought-provoking and makes us see our First-World-Problems in a new light. That's why I enjoy reading things like this so much (well, enjoy is probably the wrong word...but bare with me here...): the perspectives that we learn by reading about other times and other places and situations other than our own is something that cannot be understood or taught any other way. Of course, living through the times and the hardships offers a completely different outlook, but at least spending some time to focus on what suffering is out there puts things like not finding enough time to cook fancy dinners or frustration with 5 days of going to a job every week in a new light.
The author really attempted to show (and I got the message) that Jews are not a united, monolithic, single-minded group. There were divisions, skeptics, cautious individuals, and warriors. The part of this story that hit me the most was how unbelievable the situation was--so much so that some people in the Warsaw Ghetto didn't believe what was really going on. I can see how it would be very hard to imagine or believe that anyone, even a war-hungry enemy, would be rounding up Jews, putting them on trains, and sending them off to mass deaths. The stories told here of members of the resistance just trying to get their own people to understand what was really happening was something I didn't expect. All of us have learned about the atrocities from the future looking back, and this story makes you consider what it was like in-the-moment.
The second most heartbreaking part to read about was the ignorance of (or willful disregard) the Poles who lived near the Warsaw Ghetto. Could they all really have no ideal? All be so scared to do anything if they really knew? Seeing some of our main characters get to the outside only to realize that the Poles were mostly against them...so hard to think about.
"The fundamental conflict between the right-wing, nationalist vision of Poland enshrined in the politics of such parties as the Endecja, which understood Poland to be an exclusively Polish, Catholic nation-state, and the leftist League of Nations–endorsed vision of Poland as a pluralistic, multiethnic state was never truly resolved."
"In short, the socialization they received from their mothers, combined with their educational experiences, granted this generation of Polish Jewish girls the social contacts, the social skills, and an understanding of Polish culture and language that Jewish boys could not similarly access."
"When the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising broke out in April 1943, these women fought, conveyed battlefield communiqués, printed and distributed appeals to the Polish population, and assisted with fighter escape plans."
"When starting or waging a war, it is not right that matters, but victory. Close your hearts to pity.”
"And on November 16, 1940, the Warsaw Ghetto, the largest Jewish ghetto in Poland, occupying 2.5 percent of the city’s total area, with approximately 30 percent of the city’s population behind its walls, was sealed, with German and Polish guards stationed outside each of its twenty-two gates."
"The faces of these Jewish leaders grew pale, either from sudden fear or from anger at our audacity. They were furious. They reproached us for irresponsibly sowing the seeds of despair and confusion among the people, and for our impertinence in even thinking of armed resistance."
"Until the summer of 1941, Hitler had planned for a territorial solution to the so-called Jewish Problem, involving mass deportations of the Jews to either Madagascar or the vast northern regions of the Soviet Union. British control of the seas, however, effectively negated the possibility of enacting the Madagascar Plan, and Stalin rejected the second idea out of hand."
“When conversations among the Poles on the train turned to talk about Jews, I felt compelled to take part. I must say that I did not speak about Jews in a neutral way; I made caustic comments. To this day I feel remorse, because maybe I sinned in doing so.”
"Thus, Himmler determined that they needed a new, more removed, industrial approach to the ongoing slaughter, and toxic gas—first used in Nazi Germany to euthanize disabled individuals—seemed the most promising option. Its first use on the Jews took place in November 1941 in Poltava, southern Ukraine."
"According to both Jewish underground and official Nazi accounts, the Nazis murdered between 275,000 and 310,000 Jews*—in Treblinka and in the streets of the Warsaw Ghetto—between July and September 1942."
"Once they acquired the chemicals, the women slept with the cyanide, hydrochloric acid, and further explosive chemicals under their beds..." ... "Chavka, meanwhile, was sharing a room on the Aryan side with Tema and Tosia. They slept with a suitcase full of pistols and grenades hidden under their bed."