Livewired ไลฟ์ไวร์ เบื้องลึกของสมองที่เปลี่ยนแปลงอยู่เสมอ

by David Eagleman, ศิวลี โกศลศศิธร (Translator)

การลงแดงกับการอกหักมีจุดร่วมกันตรงไหน?
ทำไมศัตรูของความทรงจำกลับไม่ใช่เวลา แต่เป็นความทรงจำอื่น?
คนตาบอดเรียนรู้ที่จะมองผ่านลิ้นได้อย่างไร และคนพูดหนวกเรียนรู้ที่จะฟังผ่านผิวหนังได้อย่างไร?
เพราะเหตุใดผู้คนในยุค 80s ถึงมองเห็นหน้าหนังสือมีสีแดงอ่อน ๆ ?
ทำไมนักธนูมือหนึ่งของโลกถึงไม่มีแขน ?
สักวันเราจะควบคุมหุ่นยนต์ผ่านความคิดหมือนที่เราควบคุมนิ้วมือนิ้วเท้าได้ไหม ?
ทำไมเราจึงฝันยามค่ำคืน และการฝันเกี่ยวอะไรกับการหมุนของโลก?


คำตอบของคำถามเหล่านี้อยู่หลังนัยต์ของเรา สุดยอดแห่งเทคโนโลยีที่เราค้นพบบนดาวเคราะห์ดวงนี้คืออะหนัก 1.4 กิโลกรัม ซ่อนไว้ในกะโหลกของเรา หนังสือเล่มนี้ไม่เพียงเล่าว่าสมองคืออะไร แต่ยังเล่าว่าสมองนั้นทำอะไร เวทมนตร์ของสมองไม่ได้อยู่ที่ชิ้นส่วนที่ประกอบมันขึ้นมา แต่อยู่ที่วิธีการที่ชิ้นส่วนเหล่านั้นถักทอตัวเองอย่างไม่รู้จบบนผืนผ้าใบแห่งชีวิตที่มีไฟฟ้าโลดแล่น

หนังสือ ไลฟ์ไวร์ จะพาคุณท่องไปในโลกแห่งความรู้ประสาทวิทยาศาสตร์ที่ล้ำหน้าที่สุด พร้อมด้วยเรื่องเล่าและการเปรียบเปรยที่ทำให้ เดวิด อีเกิลแมน ได้ชื่อว่าเป็นนักสื่อสารวิทยาศาสตร์ที่เก่งที่สุดแห่งยุคสมัย

หนังสือ ไลฟ์ไวร์ ไม่เพียงเล่างานวิจัยตลอดหลายทศวรรษจนถึงปัจจุบัน แต่ยังเล่าถึงงานวิจัยใหม่ ๆ จากห้องวิจัยของอีเกิลแมนด้วย นับตั้งแต่อาการซินเนาทีเซีย การฝัน ไปจนถึงอุปกรณ์แทนที่ประส่าทสัมผัสที่สวมใส่ได้ ซึ่งจะเปลี่ยนมุมมองของเราในเรื่องประสาทสัมผัสไปตลอดกาล

Livewired คือหนังสือที่พาเราสำรวจ “สมอง” ในฐานะสิ่งมีชีวิตที่ปรับเปลี่ยนตัวเองได้ตลอดเวลา ไม่ใช่แค่กล่องเก็บข้อมูล แต่เป็นระบบที่ “เรียนรู้ใหม่” อยู่เสมอ หนังสือเล่าผ่านคำถามชวนคิด เช่น การลงแดงเหมือนอกหักอย่างไร? ทำไมฝันเกี่ยวกับการหมุนของโลก? และคนตาบอดมองเห็นผ่านลิ้นได้อย่างไร?

เขียนโดย เดวิด อีเกิลแมน นักประสาทวิทยาและนักสื่อสารวิทยาศาสตร์ชื่อดัง หนังสือเล่มนี้รวมทั้งงานวิจัยคลาสสิกและงานทดลองใหม่ ๆ จากห้องแล็บของเขา เช่น อุปกรณ์สวมใส่ที่เปลี่ยนผิวหนังให้ “ฟัง” ได้ และเทคโนโลยีที่อาจให้เราควบคุมหุ่นยนต์ด้วยสมองในอนาคต

Livewired จึงเป็นหนังสือที่ไม่เพียงอธิบายว่าสมองคืออะไร แต่ยังเปิดมุมมองใหม่ว่า “สมองทำอะไร” และ “เราจะใช้ศักยภาพของมันได้อย่างไร”

Genres: Science, Nonfiction, Neuroscience, Psychology, Brain, Audiobook, Biology

400 pages, Paperback

First published October 7, 2014

About the author

David Eagleman is an internationally bestselling author, a TED speaker, and a Guggenheim Fellow. He teaches neuroscience at Stanford University and is CEO of a neurotech startup, Neosensory. At night he writes. His books have been translated into 33 languages.

Reviews

[Sarah · Rating 1 out of 5]

Edit: I have had a lot of people commenting on this review so please let me clarify what I mean. I found factual inaccuracies in the book that I know to be inaccurate because there were about my own field of expertise. The inaccuracies were referenced but did not match what the reference material stated and I had to go to the reference source to clarify what was actually factually correct. I can not recommend a book that fails to reference correctly.
However I read an ARC and errors may be corrected in later editions.
As for it being one of the most important books of the decade... it really isn’t. Plasticity has been known about for a long time and none of the information in the book was more than I learnt in my undergraduate degree. Having said that it is interesting and David Eagleman does make it easy to understand.

I was really excited to read this book. I have previously read Eagleman’s ‘The Brain’ and enjoyed his TV show in the same subject. Since first learning of plasticity during neurophysiology lectures at university I have been fascinated by the brain’s ability to adapt.

Eagleman writes at a level that is easy for the average layperson to understand and he relies on anecdotes and case studies to aid the reader.

There is one major flaw which means I am forced to give this book a 1* review. I know a little about plasticity in terms of the development of binocular vision, but more importantly I know a lot about vision and eyes. Unfortunately, on the information related to eyes there are gross inaccuracies and information that is simply wrong. Eagleman confidently writes about how people have corneas removed to treat cataracts and even goes as far as to reference this information. If you click on the reference it links you to information about the lens replacement in cataract surgery (correct). The glib use of incorrect statements followed by references to correct information is alarming. I am unable to trust the accuracy of information in this book without fact checking each individual point. I was deeply disappointed and would advise against reading this as a consequence.

[Jaidee · Rating 3 out of 5]

3.1 "succinct, informative yet over-reaching" stars !!!

Thank you to Netgalley, the author/scientist/entrepeneur and Knopf Publishing. This was released August 2020 and I am providing an honest review.

I imagine it would be exciting to hear a lecture by Professor Eagleman. Clear, concise, optimistic, hopeful perhaps even hypomaniacal. He is a an absolute genius of adult education and presents neuroplasticity to the layperson in a respectful, layered and sequential fashion where somebody without an iota of science background would learn a great deal. This is five star perfection. They would be able to take this information and apply it to their own lives and this would be extremely helpful in understanding how the brain works in terms of learning, motor output, memory, the senses,and recovering and healing. A most amazing popular science primer.

However Professor Eagleman loses this particular reader on a number of fronts (please note that this may not include you)

-overly optimistic to the point of euphoric utopianism when we actually live in a pretty shitty world full of illness, war, starvation and climate disintegration
-his applications to human behavior in the psychological and political spheres simply do not ring true
-limitations of the use of technologies are not fully explored nor the limitations of rehabilitation potential (I know this to be true from a clinical standpoint)

If you have take this with a shaker of salt you will have a most enjoyable ride....

[8stitches 9lives · Rating 4 out of 5]

You will never think about your brain in the same way again. The brain is often portrayed as an organ with different regions dedicated to specific tasks. But that textbook model is wrong. The brain is a dynamic system, constantly modifying its own circuitry to match the demands of the environment and the body in which it finds itself. If you were to zoom into the living, microscopic cosmos inside the skull, you would witness tentacle-like extensions grasping, bumping, sensing, searching for the right connections to establish or forego, like denizens of a country establishing friendships, marriages, neighbourhoods, political parties, vendettas, and social networks. It's a mysterious kind of computational material, an organic three-dimensional textile that adjusts itself to operate with maximum efficiency.

The brain is not hardwired, David Eagleman contends--it is livewired. With his new theory of infotropism, Eagleman demonstrates why the fundamental principle of the brain is information maximization: in the same way that plants grow toward light, brains reconfigure to boost data from the outside world. Follow Eagleman on a thrilling journey to discover how a child can function with one half of his brain removed, how a blind man can hit a baseball via a sensor on his tongue, how new devices and body plans can enhance our natural capacities, how paralyzed people will soon be able to dance in thought-controlled robotic suits, how we can build the next generation of devices based on the principles of the brain, and what all this has to do with why we dream at night.

I thoroughly enjoyed reading Livewired which is an accessible and fascinating read from the moment you begin. It's no easy feat to make complex topics comprehensible to a layperson and those with no prior knowledge of the subject at hand, but Eagleman does this with considerable aplomb. Every single page of this book presents intriguing and compelling information and answers to questions you never knew you wanted the answers to; I found it eminently readable from start to finish. However, there was a problem that a fellow reviewer pointed out; some of the information is incorrect and as I read these type of books to feed my polymathic nature and enthusiasm for learning new things this is an issue. I hope this will be rectified as this is a superb book but for the mistaken data provided in one instance. Many thanks to Canongate for an ARC.

[Sahra · Rating 4 out of 5]

شاید اگه بخوام خلاصه ای از کتاب بگم به هفت ویژگی و اصل مدارسازی پویا که جناب ایگلمن نوشته بسنده کنم؛
Reflect the world. Brains match themselves to their input.
Wrap around the inputs. Brains leverage whatever information streams in.
Drive any machinery. Brains learn to control whatever body plan they discover themselves inside of.
Retain what matters. Brains distribute their resources based on relevance.
Lock down stable information. Some parts of the brain are more flexible than others, depending on the input.
Compete or die. Plasticity emerges from a struggle for survival of the parts of the system.
Move toward the data. The brain builds an internal model of the world, and adjusts whenever predictions are incorrect.
کل کتاب بر پایه ی این هفت ویژگی میچرخه که همدیگر رو با مثالهای متنوع حمایت میکنند؛ مثالهایی جذاب که دلالت دارن بر ویزگی های حیرت انگیز مغز، اجزاش و عملکردش. این کتاب در زمینه ی علم عامه پسند طبقه بندی میشه لذا نباید ازش انتظار داشت جزیئات دقیقی از چگونگی ها و چرایی ها بگه ولی خب پیوست انتهای کتاب میتونه برای کسایی که میخوان بیشتر ازش سر در بیارن کمک کننده باشه. نوشتار خود کتاب شیوا، پرکشش و بواسطه مطالب در بر گیرنده هیجان انگیز و جذابه فکر کنم بخاطر همین هم بود که وقتی به دستم رسید اصلا وقت نکرد مثل تازه واردها بره بشینه گوشه ی کتابخونه تا نوبتش بشه:)) . این کتاب رو با ترجمه ی دکتر قاسم کیانی مقدم خوندم که به نظرم ترجمه ی خیلی خوبی بود و تا جایی که با متن اصلی کتاب مقایسه اش میکردم هیچ کاهشی در متنش ندیدم. اما چرا بهش 4 دادم؟ راستش فکر کنم 4.5امتیاز واقعیم باشه درسته کتاب رو خیلی دوست داشتم و ازش یاد گرفتم و بهم ایده داد ولی میتونست به جای بعضی تکرارهاش که به نظرم دیگه زیادی بود، مطالب تازه و بیشتری رو مطرح میکرد. در آخر هم ریویوم رو میخوام با پاراگراف اخر کتاب که به دلم نشست تمومش کنم.
ما عموما در زندگی طرز فکرمان این است که من یک طرف هستم و دنیا طرف دیگر. اما همانطور که در این کتاب دیدیم، اینکه شما چه کسی هستید، برخاسته از همه ی چیزهایی است که که با ان تعامل داشته اید: محیط شما ، همه تجربیاتتان ، دوستان‌تان ، دشمنان‌تان ، فرهنگ‌تان ، نظام اعتقادی‌تان ، روزگار شما - همه اینها. گرچه از حرفهایی مانند "او آدم مستقلی است" یا "افلانی فکر مستقلی دارد" خوشمان می‌آید، ولی در حقیقت به هیچ طریقی نمیتوانید خودتان را از محیط جامعی که در آن جای گرفته‌اید، جدا کنید. بدون محیط بیرون، شمایی هم در کار نیست. محیط بیرون باورها، عقاید و آرزوهای شما را سراسر شکل میدهد، مانند مجسمه ای که از یک قطعه سنگ مرمر ساخته و به بیرون کشیده میشود. هر کدام از ما جهان هستیم. (که البته فکر میکنم درست‌ترش این باشه که هر کدام از ما بواسطه ی حکاکی ها و رد اثر جهان، نمودی از آن هستیم :) )

[Fateme · Rating 4 out of 5]

It had a lot of repetition, tbh asp i just wanted it to end.

[Brian Clegg · Rating 4 out of 5]

Popular science book topics are a bit like buses - you wait ages for one on a particular topic/route and then a whole string of the turn up. This is yet another title on the workings of the brain (though to be fair to David Eagleman it was already out in hardback, so he was at the start of the queue). Thankfully, Eagleman gives us a whole new way of looking at the human brain's capabilities, suggesting the reason Homo sapiens is so versatile and capable is down to the extreme plasticity of the human brain - its ability to rewire itself on the fly, or livewiring as Eagleman calls it.

This is a fascinating topic. It's not that the idea of the brain as a self-patterning system that adapts and changes as inputs vary is new, but the sheer depth and speed of the phenomenon is only relatively recently understood and Eagleman gives us a very wide range of examples, from a young child who had half his brain removed, but developed normally, the remaining half taking on all the roles of the other, to the remarkably short term adaptations that enable us to cope with, for example, changes in lighting colour and intensity. We also see some aspects where the initial plasticity locks in, restricting future development if children haven't, for example, developed language skills by a particular stage.

Eagleman peppers the book with stories and examples - my absolute favourite was the way that in the late 70s and early 80s, people thought that the IBM logo on floppy disks had changed from white to red. This was a result of one of these short term adaptations to compensate for an apparent oddity of the surroundings. You need to read the book to get the details, but the cause was apparently due to the people handling the disks (on which the logo was made up of a set of white horizontal lines) spent a lot of their time staring at VDUs, which contained lots of horizontal green lines of text. (My only slight doubt about this one is that I was a person who did this at the time, but I never noticed the effect, nor did I hear of it from anyone else.)

The subject really grabbed my attention, and Eagleman is good at storytelling, but there were a couple of things about the writing style that irritated me. Particularly in the first chapter, the writing was very jerky, suddenly changing topic, even telling half a story then abruptly switching to something else before coming back to the original subject again. The flow could have been better. The book is also overloaded with analogies, some of which simply get in the way. For example, Eagleman spends two pages telling us why the English colonists beat the French colonists in the US simply to make the point that a part of the brain that no longer sends information loses territory. Similarly, there's a bizarre reference many pages after telling us about Nelson's experience with his lost arm that out of the blue says 'Most visitor's to Admiral Nelson's statue in London's Trafalgar Square have probably not considered the distortion of the somatosensory cortex in the left hemisphere of that elevated head.' Well, yes. That's probably because that elevated head doesn't have a somatosensory cortex. It's a statue.

Despite occasional issues with the writing (and a warning that if you're squeamish that there are quite a lot of medical details as a lot we learn about the brain is from the results of damage and surgery) this is one of the best brain books I've read this year.

[Peter Tillman]

I was fired up by the rave WSJ review (9-5-20) but reader Sarah points out an egregious error, https://www.goodreads.com/review/show...
As this is her field, I'm putting my plans to read the book on hold, unless I read something that convinces me otherwise. A serious error by the author. As she points out, how can you trust other 'facts' in the book you don't know as well? And it's not like I don't have hundreds of other books on Mt. TBR.

Thanks, Sarah for pointing this out. There's a long discussion at her review, and not everyone agrees with her. Read the comments and decide for yourself.

[Emre Turkmen · Rating 5 out of 5]

David Eagleman yine beynin gizli odalarına harika bir yolculuğa çıkartıyor...Bu muhteşem mekanizmanın ayrıntılarını okumak tek sözcükle " charming"✌️

[Ali · Rating 5 out of 5]

A masterpiece of popular science and one of the most hopeful books I've ever read
Let's say there's a kid who has the worst case of epilepsy ever. Like, seizures every 20 minutes. Doctor says the only treatment is a hemispherectomy, which is exactly what it sounds like — removal of half the kid's brain. What do you think happens after the operation? How will the kid do?

If you said, "Well, the kid's going to lose his ability to walk, talk, do anything really," you'd be correct — but only for a few months. Because what actually happened to Matthew was that with intensive rehab, the remaining half of his brain adapted itself to take over the missing functions of the other half. And now, when Matthew serves you at a restaurant, you can't tell him apart from a normal person. If that doesn't blow your mind, check out the picture of his brain with half of it a black void.

"Livewired" is the catchy term David Eagleman has coined to describe the miraculous ability of the brain to adapt in concert with its environment and make sense of the world. With fluid prose and crystal-clear analogies, Eagleman explains the function of the cerebral cortex as a general computing machine that can take any kind of input from environmental sensors — e.g. the light sensors in your eye, the air-pressure sensors in your ear, or vibrations from a wrist band — and turn it into meaning.

Eagleman is particularly qualified to talk about this not only a neuroscientist, but also as an inventor creating a whole new frontier of livewiring via his company NeoSensory. Using vests and wristbands that transduce outside information like sound or light into mechanical vibrations, NeoSensory is not only giving back some sight and hearing ability back to those who have lost it; it is also creating whole new senses that didn't even exist before: "We tapped into the lidar stream [at Google headquarters] and hooked it up to the Vest. Then we brought in Alex, a blind young man. We strapped the Vest on him, and now—just like the soldiers in Westworld—he could feel the location of those moving around him. He could see in 360 degrees, going from blind to Jedi. And there was zero learning curve: he immediately got it." Ladies and gentlemen — this is science fiction made real.

Taking the idea further, Eagleman makes us wonder whether a livewired, self-adapting home and electric grid could be right around the corner. Trippy, sure, but why not? And that's what I particularly appreciate about Eagleman's work: he provokes us to think about *both* the stuff we take for granted *and* the radical "adjacent possible". This is especially fun since the book is talking about the very same thing you're using to read it (not the Kindle, silly — I mean your *brain*). For example, if the brain's so damn changeable, how can we even hold on to any memories before they get overwritten by new stuff?

The book is Eagleman's platform for some big new scientific ideas, e.g. the brain as an information-maximizing machine; the basis of synesthesia; and the purpose of dreaming (hint: so you don't go blind). It's also very entertaining. Along the way you will meet: a surfing dog, a skateboarding dog, and a bipedal dog; an armless archery champ; people who hate their limbs; a man with no short-term memory; and a woman who forgets nothing. Astonishing visual illusions will make you doubt your own sanity, and the stories will make for excellent fodder for all the cocktail parties you're not attending. (Note for future generations: this review was written during the 2020 pandemic. We don't get out much.)

With masterful storytelling, lucid analogies and thought-provoking new ideas, "Livewired" is a mind-expanding masterpiece of popular science. It's also one of the most hopeful books I've ever read, particularly needful in these uncertain times. Read it to renew your faith in not just the human spirit, but also to appreciate the gifts of your own miraculous brain.
-- Ali Binazir, M.D., M.Phil., Happiness Engineer, neuroplasticity coach, and author of The Tao of Dating: The Smart Woman's Guide to Being Absolutely Irresistible, the highest-rated dating book on Amazon, and Should I Go to Medical School?: An Irreverent Guide to the Pros and Cons of a Career in Medicine

[Stephanie · Rating 3 out of 5]

I was really into this study of the brain for the first 2/3, but then started to lose interest. I don't know why, maybe just information overload? It was neat to read about how the brain adapts when a limb or a sense is lost or added, and what sorts of possibilities the future holds.

[Христо Блажев · Rating 4 out of 5]

Жива мрежа – дайте на мозъка данни и той ще създаде свят: http://knigolandia.info/book-review/j...

След “Мозъкът. Това си ти” невроученият Дейвид Игълман идва с “Жива мрежа”, още една чудесна и образователна книга от един не само прекрасен популяризатор на науката, но и практик, който пряко използва научните пробиви, за да помага на хора в нужда. В тази той показва множество хитроумни начини, по които може да се преконфигурира начинът, по който човешкият мозък получава информация, за да замести липсващи сетива например – слепи да “виждат” с езика си, глухи да “чуват” с кожата си, и това не е фантазия, а просто прилагане на изумителните възможности в мозъка, които невронауката разкрива. А пътем формулира и крайно интересна теория за сънищата, която включва война между различните мозъчни части. И само като бонус – Игълма е научен консултант на сериала “Западен свят” :)

CIELA Books
http://knigolandia.info/book-review/j...

[David · Rating 5 out of 5]

A fantastic summary of the latest research on neuroplasticity.

David not only explains but illustrates in easy-to-understand terms the following:

1. Reflect the world. Brains match themselves to their input.

2. Wrap around the inputs. Brains leverage whatever information streams in.

3. Drive any machinery. Brains learn to control whatever body plan they discover themselves inside of.

4. Retain what matters. Brains distribute their resources based on relevance.

5. Lock down stable information. Some parts of the brain are more flexible than others, depending on the input.

6. Compete or die. Plasticity emerges from a struggle for survival of the parts of the system.

7. Move toward the data. The brain builds an internal model of the world, and adjusts whenever predictions are incorrect.

[Dorsa · Rating 5 out of 5]

با خوندن بعضی کتاب‌ها کلی احساسات جدید رو تجربه می‌کنی.
بعضی کتاب‌ها بهت یک دیدگاه جدید اضافه می‌کنن.
اما بعد از تموم کردن بعضی کتاب‌ها همه چیز عوض میشه و انگار یکم با آدمی که قبل از خوندن اون کتاب بودی فرق داری، انگار حس می‌کنی یه مرحله رفتی بالاتر و حالا دنیا رو متفاوت می‌بینی و بیشتر می‌فهمی. این کتاب برای من دقیقا از این دسته بود.

دیوید ایگلمن خوب می‌نویسه، اما توی این کتاب داره از چیزهایی خوبی می‌نویسه که دونستنشون تاثیر زیادی روی پروژه‌های شخصی من داشت و باعث شد از زاویه متفاوتی بهشون نگاه کنم.

مغز یک کودک تقریبا پیشرفته‌ترین ماشینیه که روی سطح کره زمین وجود داره، این ماشین پیشرفته به مرور زمان و با کسب تجربه‌های گوناگون علاوه بر اینکه تخصصی میشه خیلی از نورون‌های خودش رو از دست میده و یه جورایی اون انعطاف پذیری اولیه، به بخش‌های کمی از مغز محدود میشه. شاید اولش با خودمون بگیم این که خیلی بده، یه جورایی انگار کارایی مغز کمتر میشه اما در واقعیت اینطور نیست.

یک نوزاد از بدو تولدش با محرک‌ها و داده‌های زیادی در تماسه. از داده‌های بینایی گرفته تا چشایی و بویایی و غیره. تمامی این داده‌ها شخصیت، احساسات، اخلاق، باورها و در نهایت "من" اون رو می‌سازن. حتی کوچک‌ترین ارتباط‌ها، مثل کشف یک طعم جدید یا شنیدن یک حرف ساده از زبان همکلاسی دبستان، تاثیر غیرقابل انکاری روی شکل‌گیری شخصیت اون آدم داره.

البته این تغییرات به این معنی نیست که کودک در بزرگ‌سالیش دیگه نمی‌تونه تغییرکنه یا چیز جدیدی یاد بگیره. اتفاقا برعکس مغز تغییر رو دوست داره. ما خیلی اوقات متوجه اتفاقات یا اشیا اطرافمون نمیشیم چون ثابتن و مغز داده‌های ثابت رو کم‌اهمیت می‌دونه و پردازش نمی‌کنه. برای همین انسان‌ها همیشه فرصت برای تغییر و یادگیری دارن. از همه مهم‌تر تعامل با دنیای اطراف و به‌کارگیری بیشتر مغز، ارتباطات نورونی رو به‌قدری محکم می‌کنه که بر اساس آزمایش‌هایی که انجام شده حتی آلزایمر هم نمی‌تونه این ارتباطات رو کامل از بین ببره و فرد رو از پا در بیاره.


در حقیقت مغز یک ماشینه که جدا از دنیایی که داره داخلش زندگی می‌کنه، یک مدل دنیایی شخصی برای خودش بوجود میاره و بر اساس اون داده‌های مورد نیازش رو دریافت می‌کنه و براشون پاسخ ایجاد می‌کنه. برای همین هم اگر مغز یک انسان رو داخل بدن یک گرگ، یا یک ربات بذاریم، باز هم می‌تونه خودش رو متنناسب با محیط تغییر بده، داده‌ها رو از محیط جمع کنه، فکر کنه و تصمیم بگیره.


ساز و کار مغز انقدر جذابه که می‌تونم ساعت‌ها دربارش بنویسم و حرف بزنم. حوزه کاری من مربوط به پزشکی بازساختی و پزشکی شخصی با هوش مصنوعیه و حالا میدونم که باید کجا دنبال جواب سوال‌ها و مشکلاتم برم.

من کتاب رو به صورت ترکیبی از نسخه صوتی انگلیسی و ترجمه فارسی خوندم. نسخه صوتی با صدای خود نویسندست و نسخه فارسی از سوی انتشارات مازیار با ترجمه دکتر کیانی مقدم چاپ شده که هر جفتشون به نظرم خوب بودن.

در نهایت اینکه خوندن این کتاب یک تجربه فراموش نشدنیه و شاید بهتر باشه این ریویو رو با جمله خود نویسنده به پایان برسونم که یه جورایی کل کتاب رو تفسیر می‌کنه: جهان ما هستیم!

[Zachary Карабашлиев · Rating 5 out of 5]

Тази изключителна книга на любим съвременен учен излезе преди дни. Няколко думи на крак за нея: В учебниците, в медиите и популярната култура мозъкът типично е изобр��зяван като орган с различни области, посветени на конкретни задачи. Тази зона тук съществува за зрението, другата отговаря за знанието как се използват инструменти, онази там за нещо друго — всички тези зкновено са различно оцветени, етикирани и категоризирани. Но този учебникарски модел пропуска най- интересната част от историята. Мозъкът е динамична система, по- стоянно променяща собствените си схеми, за да отговарят те на изискванията на средата и способностите на тялото.
Ако съществува видеокамера, която да се вмъкне и да заснеме живия микроскопичен космос вътре в черепа, щяхме да видим как пипаловидните удължения на невроните се протягат наоколо си, опипват, блъскат се едни в други, търсят подходящи връзки, които да образуват или да откажат, като хора, които създават приятелства, бракове, съседства, политически партии, вендети и социални мрежи. Мозъкът е жива общност от трилиони преплитащи се клетки.
“Много по-удивителен от учебникарска картинка, мозъкът е загадъчен тип изчислителен материал, жива триизмерна тъкан, която се размества, реагира и настройва, за да увеличи максимално ефективността си. Сложната конфигурация от връзки в мозъка – неговите схеми на свързване – е пълна с живот: връзките между невроните неспирно процъфтяват, умират и се преконфигурират. Вие сте различен човек от онзи, който сте били миналата година по същото време, защото грамадният килим на мозъка ви се е преизтъкал в нещо ново. Когато научавате нещо – мястото на първокласен ресторант, някаква клюка за шефа ви, името на онази натрапчива нова песен по радиото, мозъкът ви се променя физически. Същото става, когато преживявате финансов успех, обществено фиаско или емоционален разговор. Когато стреляте с топка към коша, спорите с колега, долитате в нов град, гледате носталгична снимка или чувате мелодичните тонове на любим глас, огромните преплетени джунгли на мозъка ви се изменят в нещо малко по-различно от онова, което са били преди миг. Сборът от тези промени съставлява спомените ни – резултата от живота и любовта ни.”
Нашето “аз” е натрупвано в течение на минути, месеци, години, безброй мозъчни промени са довели до това, което днес наричаме “аз”. Вчера моето “аз” е било различно от днес. Утре ще е отново различно.
Тази книга разкрива как нашият мозък неспирно преконфигурира собственото си свързване и какво означава това за живота и бъдещето ни. Историите, които илюстрират казаното са повече от интересни.
Възможно ли е детето Матю да живее с половин мозък, ако хирургически се отстрани едното полукълбо? Защо на хората през 80-те години (и само през 80-те) им се е струвало, че страниците на книгите розовеят? Защо най-добрият стрелец с лък в света е без ръце? Защо сънуваме всяка нощ и каква връзка има това с въртенето на планетата? Какво общо има наркотичната абстиненция с любовта и разбитото сърце? Защо врагът на спомена не е времето, а другите спомени? Как може сляп човек да се научи да вижда с езика си или глух – да чува с кожата си?
С две думи: за разлика от компютъра, за който можем да кажем, че има хардуер и софтуер, човешкият мозък е устроен по начин, за който Дейвид Игълман въвежда ново понятие: той е “livewired”(живо-свързан). Мозъкът ни се променя посоянно — той е адаптируема, жива, информационно-търсеща система. Изключителното на тази система е не в уникалността на частите й, а в начина, по който тези части си взаимодействат. Тя е динамична, жива електрическа вечнопроменяща се и самоконфигурираща се тъкан/мрежа.
Мотото на книга е от Мартин Хайдегер: “Всеки човек се ражда като много хора и умира като само един.”
Tази книга е изключително информативно и вълнуващо пътешествие в може би най-непознатата и необяснима територия - човешкия мозък.
Препоръчвам горещо!
Дейвид Игълман е американски невроучен, преподавател в Станфорд, бивш директор на невролаборатория в Тексас, сценарист и водещ на популярното телевизионно предаване "Мозъкът", писател -- който без да се взема много-много насеризоно се превърна в светило в своята област. Защото Игълман не просто обяснява, а вдъхновява.
Закачам тук и един великолепен очерк за него в The New Yorker.
http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/201...

Превод: Елена Филипова
Корица: Фиделия Косева

[Ihor Kolesnyk · Rating 4 out of 5]

Не дуже розумію, чим відрізняється саме ця книга від багатьох інших на тему "мозок-вдосколанення-нейропластичність-приклади із життя химерних винятків". Може цій хвилі вже пора йти на відпочинок і дати дорогу чомусь іншому? Наприклад тематиці прикладної етики, викликів у глобальному вимірі перед обличчям авторитарних суспільств, які використовують технології, винайдені на Заході?
Я би почитав про відповідальність Заходу і корпорацій за те, що Китай і росія відростили зуби, поки інтелектуали спали.

[Korey · Rating 5 out of 5]

David Eagleman once again takes the infinitely complex brain and explains it in language that a layperson can understand— and more importantly, enjoy. While I think the uninitiated should start with his older & more fundamental book, Incognito, this new book Livewired is just as fascinating. You’ll learn just how resilient and flexible our brains can be, and how technology is still nowhere close to being as powerful as them.

Reading about the brain has given me more empathy and for that reason alone I think everyone should read more about the brain. 5 stars babee.

[Mostafa · Rating 5 out of 5]

مغز پویا یک اثر به روز در باب نوروساینس است که مغز کلامش درباره ی ‌خاصیت "نوروپلاستیسیته" مغز است. ژنتیک تنها بخش تشکیل دهنده ی مغز نیست و این سیستم پویا توسط محیط شکل می‌گیرد و شگفتی آن در این است که به سان باکتری که در پی استفاده از گلوکز است، در پی کسب بیشترین اطلاعات از محیط خود است(اینفوتروپیسم). مغز انسان توانایی تطبیق خارق العاده ای با محیط خود دارد و زیبایی آن در همین امر است که طبیعت به جای تطابق از طریق ژن ها با محیط در پی نسل ها، سیستمی هوشمند به وجود آورده که خود راهش را در پی تطابق با محیط پیدا کند. ورودی حسی به مغز بدهید، مهم نیست این ورودی نور باشد یا امواج الکترومغناطیس یا چیز دیگر، مغز خود راه تفسیر آن را خواهد یافت. به بدن اندامی فراتر از چیزی که دارد بدهید، دست اضافه یا اندامی جدید یا هر چیز دیگر، مغز توانایی استفاده از آن را خواهد آموخت.
سراسر کتاب در این مورد سخن گفته و با مثال ها و جدیدترین پژوهش ها در این زمینه مطلب را با جذابیتی مثال زدنی توضیح می دهد.

[Maciej Gajewski · Rating 5 out of 5]

Just wow. I had no idea that brain - something we take for granted because we do not even notice its work on a daily basis - can do such wonders. Somebody could easily insert most of the brain's accomplishments into a new sci-fi novel, and the majority of readers would assume that it's just a fiction, that we can't achieve this within our current bodies. But we can, and we do. Our whole life is based on those, seemingly magical skills. And this is how we operate every day.
I was in a constant state of having my jaw on a floor, as this completely changed my way of perceiving what I have inside my head.

Quality of this book is something which should be aimed for by every book trying to popularize science. It has a compelling, curiosity-based narrative and relies on a broad spectrum of neuroscience sub-domains. It also joins together studies both contemporary and of the past, with a unique perspective. I couldn't have recommended it more.

[Dakota Morgan · Rating 4 out of 5]

Livewired is a deep, occasionally repetitive examination of brain plasticity. The author reads the audiobook and you can tell that he's profoundly excited by all this science. Reading a text copy, I might have become bogged down in the neurons, synapses, and other brain ephemera.

Livewired is framed as a series of fascinating sketches about "things the brain can do." The author seems most eager to point out ways that our current understanding of the brain could lead to wild, sci-fi futures. For example, the brain can successfully navigate a changing body and environment, so why can't our things do the same? Why can't our house adjust to our needs automatically? Same with our cars, our businesses, our cities. Ideas like these are radically out there, but also seem quite plausible in the author's capable hands.

The author does a nice job of tying chapters together so that Livewired builds on previously explained concepts. That said, many of the chapters seem to focus on people who have lost limbs, vision, hearing, etc., and have overcome those losses in some way thanks to the brain's plasticity. After a few hours of these stories, you might be thinking "okay, I get it, the brain is adaptable." Fortunately, the author's fast-paced storytelling keeps you engaged even during repetitive chapters.

[Jacob · Rating 5 out of 5]

4.5 stars rounded up

This was such a fun read. Eagleman packs this book chock full with basic neuroscience knowledge - what we currently know about how the brain works, and we're only just scratching the surface - illustrated by rich, captivating examples. I wish he wrote science fiction! Loved his use of popular science fiction examples to illustrate (Aliens franchise, Star Trek, Terminator etc.), and his speculations about the future based on emerging neuroscience. These helped to keep me engage, and helped me absorb more than I usually do listening to a non-fiction book. Particularly loved thinking about how our brain re-wires itself to new body plans, and was telling my spouse about this as they just had eye surgery and were adapting to their "new eyes" :) Real life applicability!

I enjoyed his reading of the audiobook, and would definitely read again.

[Omid Milanifard · Rating 5 out of 5]

کتاب مغز پویا، با عنوان فرعیِ «مغزی که هر لحظه خود را تغییر می‌دهد»، اثری علمی از دیوید ایگلمن، نویسنده‌ی سرشناس آمریکایی است. این کتاب که در آن نظریات علمی در باب نحوه‌ی عملکرد مغز انسان، با زبانی روشن و ساده ارائه شده، و به پرسش‌های بسیاری در باب مغز انسان پاسخ داده شده است. از جمله‌ی این پرسش‌ها می‌توان به موارد پیش رو اشاره کرد: آیا تأثیر عواطف عاشقانه بر مغز، مشابه تأثیر مواد مخدر است؟ چرا بهترین تیرانداز جهان دست ندارد؟ چرا افراد نابینا یا ناشنوا، با افزایش کیفیت سایر احساسات خود، نظیر لامسه و بویایی، مواجه می‌شوند؟ چرا مغز ما روزها فعال است و شب‌ها به استراحت نیاز پیدا می‌کند؟ آیا این امر ارتباطی با چرخش زمین به دور خورشید دارد؟! آیا انسان روزی می‌تواند ساخته‌های روباتیک را جایگزین مغز خود کند؟ آیا مغز، چنان‌که برخی مدعی‌اند، چیزی جز یک ماشین فوق پیشرفته نیست؟ چگونه می‌توان ماهیت آگاهی و خودآگاهی را توضیح داد؟ کشفیات عصب‌شناسی چه تأثیری بر علوم انسانی می‌گذارد؟ و ...

[Harvey Tickle-Geary · Rating 4 out of 5]

A really good book that speaks about neuroscience in an understandable way. I went from minimal understanding about neuroscience to fairly knowledgeable in certain aspects and examples.

The insights to the brain were really fascinating throughout, particularly through till chapter 6. It really opens your eyes to who we are today by the theories within the book.

[Anish Malpani · Rating 5 out of 5]

The most important book I've read this year. Eagleman never fails to amuse and then he makes it all scientific and reasonable which gives it that much more credibility. A game-changer.

[Theodor Lundqvist · Rating 5 out of 5]

Vår fascinerande hjärna och dess förmåga att anpassa sig till olika omständigheter. Särskilt beskriver David Eagleman hur hjärnan har förmågan att tolka komplicerade signaler från sensoriska organ och av dessa ta till vara på den i stunden relevanta informationen. Trots allt lever hjärnan i ett mörkt rum där den enda kopplingen med omvärlden består av elektrokemiska signaler.

Överlag är boken väldigt lätt att hänga med i. Ljudboken läser Eagleman upp mycket entusiastiskt vilket gör det hela till en mycket trevlig och framförallt spännande lyssning.

I boken används ofta ögat som exempel. Fotoner träffar celler i näthinnan som skickar en signal längs synnerven. Signalen består av spänningsspikar med olika styrkor och tidsintervall. Processen är lik analog överföring av data mellan datorer. Att hjärnan förstår denna signalen är imponerande, men det blir häftigare. Det visar sig nämligen att hjärnan är så pass bra på att tolka dessa signaler att till och med nya sinnen kan "kopplas in". Oavsett hur informationen är så att säga "formaterad" kan hjärnan lära sig att förstå den. Detta görs redan idag med tillexempel Cochleaimplantat som kopplas direkt till hörselnerven. Med hjälp av en mikrofon spelas ljud från omgivning in och omvandlas till en elektrisk signal som anpassas något för att sedan fortsätta längs hörselnerven till hjärnan. Den nya signalen beter sig inte likadant som den "riktiga" och upplevs till en början som brus för att sedan övergå mer och mer till en upplevelse som liknar den utan hörselskada. Riktig science fiction!

Eagleman skildrar också flera mycket förvånande experiment. I ett av dem får en blind man bära en väst med vibrationsmotorer. Till västen kopplas en kamera. Varje pixel från kameran representeras av en motor i västen. Efter lite träning kan den blinde försökspersonen känna igen föremål och ansikten. Mannen lär sig inte att känna igen hur olika mönster av vibrationer representer olika föremål utan upplever det snarare som att sakerna finns där ute. Att han kunde ta på dem. Precis som en person utan synskada inte reflekterar över hur fotoner träffar näthinnan i olika mönster och antal utan istället upplever världen som "där ute". Det blir då uppenbart att världen utspelar sig inuti våra egna huvuden om än som en representation av den riktiga.

Hjärnan klarar av att genomföra denna extraordinära anpassning på grund av dess plasticitet. Hjärnan är inte fast utan ändrar form efter behov. Några krav ställs dock på den nya informationskällan för att hjärnan ska lära sig att förstå den.
1, Informationen måste vara viktig, den behöver inte vara relevant för något grundläggande behov men tillräckligt betydelsefull för att en förändring skall vara motiverad.

2, Informationen måste tillföras på ett sätt som innebär att hjärnan kan testa olika hypoteser. Exempelvis skickar småbarns hjärnor ut slumpvis genererade signaler till musklerna som de sedan får direkt feedback från syn, känsel och balans. Det bildar en stängd loop där direkt återkoppling följs av fler försök som efterhand blir mer korrekta tills dess att en nära fullständig förståelse är uppnådd.

3, Personen måste inte vara ung för att kunna lära sig ett nytt sinne. Dock underlättar det då hjärnan stagnerar efter hand som den bildar en bättre uppfattning av verkligheten utanför. Plasticiteten eller “formbarheten” minskar över tid, något som sker olika snabbt i olika delar av hjärnan beroende på hur konstant informationen är. Till exempel befästs och stagnerar syncentrum i hjärnan väldigt snabbt jämfört med de motoriska delarna som styr olika muskler vilket kan förklaras med att vi hela tiden kommer i kontakt med nya sätt att använda kroppen på. ex. olika sporter.

David Eagleman är professor i neurovetenskap vid Stanford och har grundat företaget NeoSensory som tillverkar armband med vibrationsmotorer vilka kan ge döva förmågan att höra.

Definitivt värd läsningen. Jag rekommenderar ljudboken.

Länk till TED talk av David Eagleman inom samma område
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[AM · Rating 5 out of 5]

I’ve enjoyed following David’s projects over the last decade, and as expected, this book did not disappoint. David makes neuroscience not only digestible, but enthralling. He a technical leader in his scientific discipline and a masterful scientific communicator.

[Arezoo Gharib · Rating 4 out of 5]

خوندن این کتاب در ژانر علمی، با توجه به اطلاعات، مطالعات ،تحقیقات جدید که به زبان ساده و قابل فهم ارائه شد،مفید بود،مسلما ایگلمن میتونست همین دستاورد‌های علمی بزرگترین دانشمندان رو خیلی پیچیده توضیح بده و نه در فهم همه افراد،و این امتیاز دادن باید با کتابهای جدید در همین نوع در نظر گرفته بشه.

کسر یک ستاره بابت یک اشتباهه که در کتاب وجود داره،(در گشت و گذار در goodreads و خواندن مطالب در مورد این کتاب متوجه شدم که کلمه قرنیه به جای لنز به کار رفته) و در موردش از یک پزشک اطلاعات کسب کردم و این ایراد تایید شد.

کتاب رو با ترجمه قاسم کیانی مقدم خوندم،حدود یک فصل رو با کتاب زبان انگلیسی مقایسه کردم ،و بشخصه مشکلی با ترجمه کتاب نداشتم.


ایرادی که توسط خیلیا گفته شده:(تکرار جملات بود)،ولی بنظرم در پشت این تکرارها نکته هست،مسلما ایگلمن کلی جمله و نکته میتونست به کتاب اضافه کنه،ولی نباید از جادوی "تکرار حرف"گذشت،تکرار ها باعث تثبیت میشن و نهادینه شدن در ذهن.


در کتاب مغز پویا تاکید رو اینه که مغز منابعش و بر اساس آنچه اهمیت داره توزیع میکنه،و اشاره به توکیو داره،توکیو بعد از جنگ،همونکاری رو کرد که مغز انجام میده،یعنی منعکس کننده چالش و اهداف خودشه،اگه چیزی رو نیاز داره و نداشته باشه ،خودش اون و شکل میده.
و پایان کتاب مغز پویا، مجددا تاکید شد "اینکه شما چه کسی هستید برخاسته از همه ی چیزاییه که باهاش تعامل دارید،دوستان، دشمنان،محیط،روزگار و .."

[Stephanie Medford · Rating 3 out of 5]

I love books about brains, but got bored with how much this one focused on our future as cyborgs. Two fun facts I took from it:

1. Dreaming may be a way to prevent our visual cortex from being taken over by other parts of the brain while it's dark out. Aliens who don't live on planets with as much darkness might not have evolved to dream.
2. Scientists have studied nuns who seemed perfectly healthy but whose brains were shown to have Alzheimer's after they died. The nuns were so active and engaged well into old age that their brains kept forming enough new connections to keep the Alzheimer's at bay.

[Josh · Rating 5 out of 5]

Eagleman does it again! This book was such a rewarding experience. The pacing was great, and he didn't get bogged down in the technical details that sometimes make this particular subject matter unapproachable to many. Not only did it have a thorough consolidation of many recent discoveries in neuroscience, but I was pleasantly surprised with a few new hypotheses to which I hadn't yet been exposed.
I was very excited when this was released, and it definitely did not disappoint.

[Dylan Miller · Rating 5 out of 5]

Even though I'm a self professed neuroscience nerd, I definitely believe this book could be enjoyed by those who dont have a scientific background or understanding. The language seems to flow smoothly, allowing for better immersion in the learning.

[Florian Höhna · Rating 4 out of 5]

Cooles Buch für alle, die sich für das Zusammenspiel von Gehirn/Denken und Sinneswahrnehmungen interessieren. Durch viele Anekdoten einerseits für auch ohne Vorkenntnisse leicht verständlich, andererseits unterhaltsam genug, dadurch auch wenn man Vorkenntnisse besitzt. Absolut empfehlenswert