The title says it all. The authors, Stephen Moore and Julian Simon, discuss 100 trends in 20th century America that give one reason to be optimistic. These trends are grouped into the following areas: health, nutrition, wealth, poverty, children's issues, labor, leisure, housing, transportation & communications, innovation, information technology, education, safety, environmental protection, natural resources, socio-cultural indicators, sports, women's issues, racial issues, and freedom & democracy.
One of the co-authors, Julian Simon, died before publication of this book, but is famous for a bet that he made with Paul Ehrlich. The bet was that any five commodities of Ehrlich's choosing would decline in price over the subsequent decade. Ehrlich, author of The Population Bomb, was a doomsayer, and believed the five commodities and most others would become more expensive. Simon won the bet. All five commodities became cheaper, though some have pointed out that if they had gone double or nothing over another decade the tables would have turned.
The authors attribute the world's 20th century success to three technologies: electricity, vaccines/medicines, and the microchip. In answer to the question of why the United States did particularly well, the authors point to freedom as the answer. Neither of these hypotheses are systematically evaluated in this work; they're just presented with anecdotal support.
This book makes some excellent points. People have a tendency towards pessimism, hence all the dystopian, zombie, nuclear holocaust literature. There's also a common fallacy that imagines that there was once a golden age in the past that is never to be surpassed. One may find it hard to believe that it's getting better all the time, but one can't argue with the numbers.
The previous paragraph notwithstanding, there's room for criticism. While one can't argue with the numbers, in some cases one might find oneself asking whether they are the right numbers or whether they tell the whole story. For example, the section on disease shows a strong decline across a range of diseases. However, it doesn't cover any of the many chronic disease that disproportionately affect wealthy countries such as diabetes and crohn's disease.
It would be interesting to see an update to the study. For example, GDP growth is shown to be higher on average among the freest nations. However, with countries like China and Vietnam rocketing upward in GDP in recent years,it would be interesting to see if this trend remains.
Even though this book is 13 years old, I'd still recommend it. Given all the doom and gloom as of late, it might be a particularly good time to pick it up.