Inheritocracy: It’s Time to Talk About the Bank of Mum and Dad

by Eliza Filby

The Sunday Times Bestseller!

Many of us grew up believing in a meritocracy, where hard work and a good education brings rewards. Go to university, get a job, put in the hours and things will be OK. That’s what we were told – but the reality is that life chances and opportunities are no longer shaped by what we learn or earn but by whether we have access to the Bank of Mum and Dad. We’re living in an inheritocracy, where parental support is what matters most – whether that’s covering the cost of university, stumping up for a house deposit or helping with childcare. And let’s be honest, this isn’t something we like to talk about with our friends, families or as a society. It’s a modern taboo.

In this timely and revealing book, generational expert Eliza Filby explores the emergence of this inheritocracy through her own life story, revealing how her family’s financial circumstances shaped everything from her education to her dating life, from her career to her class identity. Inheritocracy is a thought-provoking and candid blend of memoir and cultural commentary, told through Eliza’s humorous and insightful voice.

With trillions of pounds set to be passed down the generations over the next two decades, a significant divide is emerging between those who can rely on family wealth and those who can’t. Inheritocracy offers a fresh, captivating and honest look at our recent past and a future that will be shaped – for better or worse – by family fortunes.

Genres: Nonfiction, Audiobook, Economics, Politics, Sociology, Society, Personal Finance

304 pages, Paperback

Published July 17, 2025

About the author

Eliza Filby is an English historian, author, and speaker specialising in generational change. Her work focuses on how shifting generational values are reshaping society, work, education, politics, and family life.

Reviews

[Queen Rebecca · Rating 5 out of 5]

I was given this book at a law firm conference and didn't plan to read it until I heard the author speak. She is funny, engaging and relatable. She raised points about generations that resonated with me, like the impact of millennials relying of the boomer bank of mum and dad. So I read the book and couldn't put it down. I fold the pages over on points I find particularly poignant and most of this book has folded pages. I spoke to my boomer dad about topics in the book, which made him mad. Sign it is a good book. Plus I have told everyone I've met in the last month about the book, including taking photos of paragraphs and sending it to my friends. I am now going to lend the book to my friend on maternity leave as she is mortgaged up to the eye balls and soon paying £4k a month on childcare, unlike her boomer parents.

[Lauren Barnes · Rating 3 out of 5]

This cross-theme book was a challenging read — reading it at a time as I unpack my own relationships with parents, money, and class, it was a helpful tool to reflect on how these play out in my own life, my friends' and our wider culture. From housing, education, childcare to politics, tax and social relationships - It’s a huge topic to take on, and the book does it pretty well overall - 3.5stars

At times, though, I felt the author got a bit lost in the enormity of it all. The sections where she brought things back to her own experience sometimes felt jarring and didn’t always acknowledge the nuance or breadth of experiences that exist. She tries to counter this with short snapshots of other people’s stories, but these can get a little lost and don’t always land as strongly as they could to reinforce the research.

Still, Inheritocracy opens up an important and long-overdue conversation about the “bank of mum and dad,” inequality, and what it means to build a life when financial starting points are so uneven.

[Oli Turner]

#inheritocracy by #elizafilby published in 2024. Interesting, thought provoking and reasonably well researched. Engagingly written with some entertaining anecdotes. Champagne socialist complains about the Tories (correctly) promotes Jeremy Corbyn (foolishly) warns of the dangers of far right misogyny and virtue signals immigration and diversity (🙄) and yet wonders why the majority of people cannot afford to buy a home without the BOMAD. A fair amount of blame understandably thrown at boomers and 14 years of Tory decline, some blame placed on Thatcher but very little mention of the massive damage caused by Blairite policies that have been pushed on us for almost 3 decades. One brief mention about the supply of housing and the policy failings there. Zero mention of the significant increase in demand (presumably due to fear of being labelled far right for the crime of noticing). Ultimately cowardly with no solutions offered or discussed. Proudly boasting of maintaining her juvenile lefty student politics while in her 40s as well as her millionaire multi-property owning Marxist parents. It must be difficult ideologically hating her privilege but not doing anything about it because she lacks the courage of her convictions. Ridiculous. Talks about the loser boyfriends she had and the crimes she committed without significant punishment. Takes little responsibility for her bad decisions but blames her privilege, when surely it’s the morals that need to be questioned. Interviewing people on 6 figure incomes who apparently cannot afford things and consider £100,000 to be a low salary. Laughably tragic and out of touch. No mention of the significance of poor decision making or the need to sacrifice. It seems that ‘sacrifice’ according to the people that the author interviews is not being able to have a holiday for 6 years. These wealthy people seem to have no idea that some people have never been able to afford a holiday. So sad that she is the victim of her parents wealth. It’s not entirely disingenuous but it is lacking logical reasoning and largely blinded by ideological prerequisites. But as Chomsky said to Andrew Marr “if you believed something different you wouldn’t be sitting where you’re sitting”. And that whole conversation is often entirely lost on the privileged left. I am guilty of being slightly jealous of rich people in a normal way (“oh wouldn’t it be nice to have that”). But I don’t begrudge them if they are polite about it. Good for them and their parents. It makes perfect sense to want your children to have a nice life. But I can’t stand the privileged lefties that want to tax everyone more but don’t voluntarily pay more tax themselves. Again lacking the courage of their convictions. I wouldn’t be at all surprised if the author and her friends were the type to attend Glastonbury festival and demand open borders while being surrounded by an impenetrable fence. The audacity coupled with a staggering lack of self awareness. Meritocracy is an ideal but the old adage “it’s not what you know, it’s who you know” still stands true. You shouldn’t feel guilty that your parents helped you. You should just feel grateful. Why are wages stagnant and people poor? Making people dependent on BOMAD and preventing social mobility?
Perhaps government policy over the last 3 decades has something to do with it? Perhaps flooding the country with cheap labour has something to do with it?
Perhaps if the supply of workers is so high then wages are likely to be suppressed? Businesses love an abundance of cheap labour. But no I’m sure the champagne socialists solution will be more high taxes. It is promising that she recognises the feminist brainwashing that women “can have it all” was flawed and despite that she has found a fulfilling job and family life. Good for her. And of course don’t forget the obligation to blame the patriarchy while boasting how much women outnumber men in various fields and earnings. Such an odd ideological blindness. There is a brief discussion about the female fantasy of being a tradwife but no mention of the impossibility of that for the majority of people since women entered the workforce and doubled the supply of labour starting the trend of depressed wages. No mention of the outrageous current tax burden, Government waste and mismanagement. It is no wonder people are struggling without parental support. Some of us would have loved a career in the arts but had to sacrifice dreams for practicality and get ourselves ‘proper jobs’ because we couldn’t rely on BOMAD. The author is proud of her socialist upbringing and the rebellion of her parents against the thatcher government, but she cannot understand generation z and their right wing leanings are a rebellion against the left wing Blairite paradigm of the last 3 decades. So ideologically short sighted. Despite recognising her naivety and some contradictory statements within the text the author cannot escape her feminist programming - everyone gets old: women most affected. An interesting analysis of the problem, but ultimately hollow, much like her politics/worldview.

[Sabi Newman · Rating 5 out of 5]

This was a great read, it’s well written, and has really interesting insights into the current situation both within and between generations.

It is very frustrating to read, but that’s more about the realities the book addresses rather than the book itself!

Would definitely recommend 💯

[Hugo · Rating 4 out of 5]

An interesting book about housing crisis in the UK. Wealth in this country is no longer generated through innovation, grit and education - it is generated through property and inheritance.

This books speaks of the baby boomer who go the houses for dirt cheap and are now all millionaires. The physiological effects it has on their children - who feel entitled to an inheritance and how this changes family dynamics.

What I found most interesting was the last chapter on health care. Culturally we think there three parts to life - education - employment- retirement. The book argues that there should be a fourth a stage - the stage where our health starts to deteriorate and we have to start paying for this - and it is much more expensive than we think. The book estimates this to be around 50,000 pounds a year. This period of time can last for many years - for instance if a couple health rapidly deteriorate but they are still alive for 5 years, this can cost 500,000 pounds. This wipes out the inheritance and as people live longer lives we can expect to see more people reducing inheritance they give their children to spend on their own healthcare. Also the majority of people do not save for this fourth stage of there life - the books tells horror stories of the wealths of people children being evaporated to pay for this.

[Helen Southwell · Rating 4 out of 5]

Super interesting and thought provoking. If not a little depressing. I'm Gen X.

[Fiona Malone · Rating 4 out of 5]

Interesting considerations about boomers and millennials as well as the inequality within the millennials themselves.

[Vikki · Rating 4 out of 5]

Interesting, but I don’t think it gave me any sense of how prevalent the bank of mum and dad is - most of the perspectives are white middle class London-centric.

3.5 stars

[Mitchell · Rating 5 out of 5]

Brilliantly written with some great insights into contemporary economics and the corresponding social impact. Inheritance is an interesting and sometimes difficult topic, and this book is well-researched and provides a wide range of topics within this niche, including focuses on class and feminism. would recommend.

[Samantha · Rating 4 out of 5]

Great book about a topic that's often not talked about: the inheritance economy. Appreciated how it explored the complex relationship between millennials and their Gen X - baby boomer parents when it comes to money, which is sadly really embedded in our daily lives. Was such an easy but informative read! Wish there was a Philippine version for this though as this was focused on the UK but there are similarities :)

[Natasha Salmi · Rating 5 out of 5]

Really brilliantly written, I couldn’t stop reading. Filby paints a complete picture of Britain’s economic reality today (and the developed world more broadly), masterfully weaving together extensive academic research, interviews with people from all walks of life, and her own personal story.

The 21st century inheritocracy is something I think about a lot, and I’ve read shorter pieces on the topic before. While many of her ideas weren’t entirely new to me, the way she presented and explored them was fresh and engaging.

[Harriet Crossley · Rating 5 out of 5]

Lots to think about.

[Joel Tillson-Janes · Rating 5 out of 5]

An insightful review for the future.

[Ben Harding · Rating 5 out of 5]

Almost harrowing towards the end, required reading for millennials and boomers alike.

I love that it’s more interview based

[Douwe · Rating 3 out of 5]

3.5*

[Nicole · Rating 5 out of 5]

A very interesting and enjoyable read about a topic I find super interesting. I loved the exploration into the history of the Baby Boomers and how we, as a society, got here with so much wealth tied up in their generation.

[Charlotte De Klerck · Rating 5 out of 5]

⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️ … wow

This was not a book on ‘land and estates’ as I’d expected, but rather a deep dive into class and culture within England.

This book further confirmed what I have been arguing for years: the UK is not a meritocracy but an inheritocracy.

[Ángel · Rating 5 out of 5]

ban inheritance!

[Tom Miner · Rating 3 out of 5]

Read this book as I had heard the author on a few podcasts. While I agree with her insights on how inheritance is shaping our lives as millennials in the UK, the narrative felt a little unfinished at times and was missing a conclusion, relying on her own experiences or stories from other individuals. The final section on old age and care costs was the most interesting.

[Robert Meijer · Rating 3 out of 5]

interesting read about the struggles the different generation have and what role the inherentance plays. The stoey loses it impact by introducing too many nuances. further the story feels too much as personal story to find out how other people of her generation are coping.

[Conal Regan · Rating 5 out of 5]

An unapologetic and detailed analysis of the economic and social dynamics that will likely shape the post-boomer world.

[Imogen Hodges · Rating 3 out of 5]

I have mixed feelings towards this book. It was interesting but hard to take from the author who took until the epilogue to even acknowledge her astonishing level of privedge and whilst yes she had worked hard for her academic achievements and career she had been able to live rent free for majority of her 20s but still said she struggle financial.

The quote and comment i agreed with most came from carol "you cannot guaranter the inheritance. It is not a right".

Below are the notes i made during the read
I dont know why multiple people who spoke to the author about student debt think the Labour Gov will wipe the debt off

In chapter 6 some people who were interviewed seem to contridict themselves and there was lots of privedge showing. For example, Lucy judging her friends for spending money but she got money given to her from mum to buy a house.

Shocking how particular religion laws can cause wifes or daughter to miss out on inheritance!

Chapter 7 - strange dynamic - the ceo of a company giving financial advice blaming parents not downsizing their properties and not giving the money or making houses available for their children. This links to someone complaining that "their parents are spendimg their inheritance but in reality it is the parents money and they have earnt it to spend. Why are some convinced they have a right to their parents money?

Not sure how i feel on the term "burden" when describing giving care towards parents/grandparents

[Chris · Rating 2 out of 5]

"...the major question that lies at the heart of this book: is the Bank of Mum and Dad [...] inherently good or bad?"

I wanted to like this book because I've heard the author speak articulately about the issues it covers, but unfortunately I don't think it answered its own question. For me, it didn't work for two reasons. Firstly, it felt quite unfocused and more of a general critique on the millennial generation (e.g. boomerang kids, the 'millennial condition' of constant burnout), which was not what I signed up for. Secondly, I don't think trying to weave that into a memoir worked very well and I found myself skipping over those parts.

The take home messages of the book are that people should be more cognisant and acknowledging of their privilege in the form of the (financial) support they receive from their parents, and that the amount of inherited wealth will increase in the coming years as Boomers leave their property to their kids. I think this is part of a much wider debate about social and income inequality, i.e. it's not solely about what people stand to inherit in later life, but also the social capital and networks they're able to leverage way before that point.

[Jack Robertson · Rating 1 out of 5]

In typical UK fashion I'm getting fucked over by the economy and want to know why. Sadly the only way I can read about this is through a relentless London-centric upper-middle class narrative by an author who has directly benefited from said fucking over.

This discussion is valuable, but I found it frustrating pulling out key points on the direction of the UK for the rest of us outside the upper-middle class world of this half-memoir.

The decision to mock the author's ex-boyfriends as examples on men's newfound emasculisation and frustration at the loss of agency as traditional gender roles collapse felt sour. If anything leads to the "rise of Andrew Tates" it is this rhetoric about "soft boys" from authors living the female equivalent.

[Christine · Rating 5 out of 5]

Every social issue looked at through the lens of the bank of mum and dad. Some points were common sense, others completely shifted perspective. Felt like I highlighted half of it!

[Theo Bennett]

Listened to audiobook.

[Oana Mocanu · Rating 5 out of 5]

my brain doubled in size after reading this
_____________________________
seems like a short book, but is so dense in ideas. it scratches everything from money, housing, economics, sociology, generations, relationships…so, living in this world basically.

and it does quite a good job, given the task.

hope to pick my brain to really think and write more about this one, but is so dense, and it had come at such a complicated time when i am sorting my own relationship to mental health, sleep, money, career, mortgage decisions, older care all while war is all around, that i can only leave you some quotes:

Family wealth is now more than ever the condition for opportunity. You know it when you see it: it's your friend who never took out a student loan, who had their rent subsidised or who suddenly acquires the deposit for a flat. It's those who enjoy luxurious holidays in their twenties and thirties, multigenerational jaunts paid for by their parents. It's the friends who had the safety net of staying with Mum and Dad while they saved, upskilled and/or had a quarter-life crisis. But that's the stuff you can see. There's another layer of privilege that is even less detectable: it's those who enjoy a level of disposable income unburdened by major expenses such as student loans, rent, saving for a deposit or childcare. It's those who can afford the smaller, everyday luxuries to ease the pressures of modern life. Those who can take taxis more often, have a house cleaner, not think twice about going out for dinner. These conveniences, though seemingly small, collectively contribute to a more efficient, relaxed and high-performing lifestyle, providing more free time compared to those worrying about how on earth they can afford the big-ticket items in life.
____________________________________________________________

We baby boomers haven't just bought our houses cheap and written off the borrowings with high inflation. We've then pulled up the ladder behind us...
____________________________________________________________

Petersen put our errand paralysis' down to the millennial condition: the idea that we should be working all the time despite little economic reward or *security*.
____________________________________________________________

Why have millennials embraced our kidult years even more than previous generations? Well, firstly, the economy has infantilised us.
Just as we entered adulthood, certain things became expensive: the costs of housing (both rental and buying), education and childcare.
The big-ticket items in life went up just as wages stalled. So, what became cheap as we entered adulthood? Travel, eating out, technology - three things that unsurprisingly became synonymous with our generation. We know that the too much avocado on toast means we can't afford houses' narrative was mostly nonsense. The truth was that we were economically incentivised to eat the smashed avo on sourdough rather than save for a deposit for a house.
We became the experience-junkie generation for a reason: assets were increasingly out of our reach. But there was another factor. We were overworked hustlers, committed to blurring the boundaries between work and rest and hustling to make up for poor income.
Many of us became focused on immediate gratification and short-term relief rather than unobtainable long-term goals. Why not spend £500 on an Airbnb for the weekend to unwind, even if we feel burned out the moment we return?

[aimo9 · Rating 4 out of 5]

This book is scary. It puts into words that feeling of resentment I have towards some of my friends - those with parents living in London and receiving financial support; those who already own property thanks to parents; those who go on multiple foreign holidays and have money for everything, because they're still living at home.

Then I think of less fortunate friends: a perpetually single one with divorced parents, whose dad will likely leave decent wealth and assets to stepchildren instead of her. One who will leave London soon in order to 'settle down' because property is unaffordable. Then there is me: unlikely to receive any inheritance but in a relationship with someone who will.

How is it fair that the fortunes of young people today are largely drawn from the wealth of their parents and family?

The final chapter on old age care terrified me the most. Elderly people today live in general far longer than they used to - meaning the pressure on state pensions will continue to increase (with younger people paying for it). Older people living longer require more care - with younger people taxed more for state healthcare. But older people needing help also means they will dip into their life savings - meaning less or no inheritance for their children - and/or they will require care from those children, meaning less freedom and economic productivity for those children. Is it me or are we walking towards a ticking time bomb?

I would note though that I love my living grandparents (from whom I will not inherit anything). I also love my parents but the idea of my mother living with me (because it would be me, as the only daughter) puts the fear of god in me - as does the idea of caring for her when she gets frail. Plus she is too far away for childcare, if I decide to have kids. Is there still such thing as economic freedom for women? Does childcare and eldercare always get us in the end?

[Henrique B · Rating 4 out of 5]

A clear-eyed account dissecting the entrenchment of generational wealth divisions, pitting primarily the boomers against their millennial progeny.

Eliza Filby’s central premise is that in a world where asset price growth has outpaced wage growth, our collective belief in a meritocratic society has faded into a chimerical, unattainable myth. If meritocracy is the comforting narrative we refuse to let go of, Inheritocracy is the reality millennials live in. In this society, access to opportunity, wealth, and career advancement is largely underpinned by familial support, while the state has derelicted its duty to act as a social leveller by providing affordable health & social care and education.

Filby examines various aspects of inheritocratic society, including gender, the delayed onset of adulthood, taxation, and the implications of inheritance on social care and marriage trends. Her arguments are backed by statistics and a compelling series of interviews.

The book is rich in these personal accounts, and I appreciated the flexibility to dip in and out—skipping sub-chapters and some interviews while still following the narrative arc. Although I haven’t lived in the UK for many years, I found the book’s relevance transcends national borders.

One analogy that particularly stuck with me was Filby’s perspicacious comparison of millennials to the Edwardians: a generation straightjacketed by the values and ideals of the 20th century, yet living in a profoundly different era.

Overall, highly recommended — an incisive and illuminating read, even if you only manage to read a few chapters. Thank you, Eliza Filby, for writing this book.

[Ari Chand · Rating 5 out of 5]

This is one of the best cartographies of Millennial (Gen Y) experiences and the current intergenerational issues facing this generation. Filby blends memoir, interviews, and statistical analysis with wit and emotional nuance. She instills an unique personal sense of reflection to the stitched together case studies and interviews to rationally step you through the many interconnected pressures and issues facing the generation, wealth and life changes. This book forces a reckoning with the myth of social mobility and it documents an entrenched inequality that undercuts democratic ideals and personal autonomy.

Inheritocracy is a sharp, timely read. It challenges us to question the fairness of inherited financial privilege and to consider how, or if, meritocracy can survive an economy where the "privilege of birth" is increasingly decisive. A must-read for anyone interested in inequality, housing policy, intergenerational dynamics, gender relations in modern economy, or the shaky foundations of the contemporary social contract.