Enjoy my English essay:
Poetry can be a privilege, an aesthetic indulgence of intellectual minds, but it can also be a necessity, an unbearable weight that requires releasing. In some cases, poetry is as inevitable as it is unbearable, and yet, it must exist. That is the impression I got from reading Brian Turner’s Here, Bullet, whose very title conveys the urgency of his writing; naming his collection “Here, Bullet” echos a near taunt, as if Turner is daring the death and destruction of his subject matter to catch him, daring it to make him stop writing, knowing full well that it won’t work because the urgency of what he has to say exceeds any self-protective instinct reliant on comfort. Throughout his poems, Turner actively seeks to make the reader uncomfortable; he wants to make people feel the emotions and go through a fraction of the experiences that he, and several others, went through in Iraq. However, not only that, but he also offers an array of perspectives on the same war, forcing the reader to sympathize with American soldiers, as well as Iraqi terrorists. Turner’s brilliance lies in his ability to express emotion and experience, many times not his own, but deftly laid bare for the reader to interpret.
The collection is largely comprised of free-verse poetry, however, the literary techniques used vary from poem to poem to maximize the effectiveness of each individual piece. Nevertheless, there are several elements that show up with relative consistency throughout the collection. For instance, the motif of music is present in several of the poems, to varying degrees and purposes, but the idea of reimagining something horrific as a beautiful song, or at least giving it a level of control and purpose is a present theme in the book. Another cohesive element is the tonal shift from Part I to Part IV. Part I begins the collection with an air of poetic prowess and a focus on symbolism and metaphorical meaning, however, as the book progresses we see a shift into poems that are descriptive, direct, and even curt at times; it is almost as though the author lost interest in being coy with his meaning. As the horrors become more explicit so does Turner’s voice, resulting in poems such as “Body Bags”, “AB Negative (The Surgeon’s Poem)”, and “Autopsy”. These poems are not any less poetic than their symbolic counterparts, and neither are they disinterested in themselves; if anything they are especially interested in their subject matter, and capturing what their scene was like. Through these poems, Turner compiles perspectives, and they don't require any meaning other than what they present to be, which is, a perspective of a person in a horrible situation. There is a power to writing like that; not only is it immediately clear to the reader what Turner is trying to tell them, but also the stark contrast between flowery poetry and abrasive prose furthers the emotional reaction Turning attempts to evoke. Furthermore, amid all the depictions of war and terror, Turner makes sure to include a selected few “breather poems” as I like to call them. That notion is present in poems such as “Into the Elephant Grass” and “Curfew”, which communicate a sense of calm and mundanity in the middle of war, by no means conveying exemption from horror, only adjustment to it. The poems do not convey that people live fine in wartime, but merely that they can live, and that in it of itself is a relief to the reader. Turner does a great job showcasing the different perspectives facing war, but he also makes sure to include the times of rest and relative peace, which, while outnumbered by the violence depicting poems, still exist.
Moving into a deeper analysis of individual poems, I will select a few that embody the different tones Turner presents in his collection and my personal favorites. The first poem the reader encounters in the book is “A Soldier’s Arabic”. It is the opening work and thus sets the tone for the rest of the collection. In this piece, Turner introduces the reader to certain Arabic words such as “habib” and “maut” meaning “love” and “death” respectively. The author conveys the wrongness of love in a place like Iraq by writing that habib “(...) is written from right / to left, starting where we would end it / and ending where we might begin.” (1). However the ‘wrongness’ is not inherent, it is only over before it begins because of the environment created by war, where love can exist only from right to left in a writing pattern we don’t understand. In the next stanza, he touches on his subject matter, exposing the reader for the first time to the historical context in which he writes: “Where we would end a war / another might take as a beginning, / or as an echo of history, recited again” (1). This most likely refers to the war the United States declared on Iraq after the 9/11 attacks, and perhaps even to the Iraqi Civil War that took place after the US withdrawal of troops. Turner is using the same inverse vocabulary notion of end and beginning to juxtapose war with love, thereby leading the reader to the conclusion that war begets war, and violence begets violence, however, that is also where love ends and where we might begin it. The poem then alludes to the word for death, which as a reader we immediately associate with the only other Arabic word we know, love, thus drawing a parallel between the two. It’s also interesting to note that the words are placed in between commas, almost like an afterthought, letting the reader know that the poem is not about a real alphabet or a real language, but rather a learned form of communication that comes from experience. This idea comes back at the end of the poem when Turner writes, “This is a language made of blood. / It is made of sand, and time. / To be spoken, it must be earned.” (1). In this introductory poem, the reader learns about the language that will be spoken throughout the rest of this collection, not Arabic, but the language of war, a language that is earned, the language of a soldier in a place where every citizen is a soldier in their own right.
As previously mentioned, an important aspect of Turner’s work is providing perspective into different pieces that form the puzzle of Iraq, and perhaps one of the clearest examples of that is “In the Leupold Scope”. The poem begins with the narrator detailing a woman hanging laundry of the dead. She’s described to be in “sparkling green”, and the speaker recounts the clothes she is hanging to be “tangerine and teal”, and “cotton shirts dyed blue”. This use of color evokes a sentiment of liveliness and excitement, however, it is taken back by the connotation that comes with the word “dyed”, symbolizing how it is a contrived sense of vitality, the illusion of liveliness, directly juxtaposed with the narrator’s use of death and deadly surroundings to counter the woman’s actions. Furthermore, another notable aspect of the poem is the use of enjambment in the line, “(...) to find a woman in sparkling green, standing / among antennas and satellite dishes (...)” (7). The cut of the line after the word “standing” makes the reader's initial interpretation of the line to be one of pride and perseverance; the woman is standing and surviving. Soon, however, the reader figures out that she is standing among antennas and satellites but also the dead, which gives a second meaning to the initial cry of livelihood. Through his use of symbolic elements such as “noxious black smoke”, the speaker attempts to remind the reader that she is alive in a deadly place; however, the reader is still drawn to the positive and bright aspects of the poem in a way that not only do they forget that she is in danger, but the very fact that the entirety of this poem takes place through the scope of a rifle. That aspect becomes starkly clear in the closing line of the poem, “(...) women with breasts swollen by milk, / men with shepherd-thin bodies, children / running hard into the horizon’s curving lens.” (7). At that point, the reader is brought violently back to the title and beginning of the piece; all takes place within the shot. The speaker views this scene behind a gun, which encourages a sense of danger, knowing that the live woman is only one trigger pull away from joining the others in the Leupold scope. The poem’s main subject is death, but its brilliance is that even while actively telling you that the people are in peril, it allows you to forget; in a way mimicking the soldier’s experience from his detached post watching this lively woman, he almost forgets he might have to kill her someday.
Another poem that showcases Turner’s use of perspective is “The Al Harishma Weapons Market”. This work details the nightly routine of Akbar, a man who kills American soldiers for money to support his son. This poem is particular because it not only shows the point of view of an archetypal antagonistic figure, “the terrorist”, but it also makes you empathize with him, and shows you how he is a person, who loves, cares, fears, and most of all, is a victim of war. Turner comes back to the motif of music in this poem, as a way of smoothing over the horrors of war. Turner likens Akbar’s wrapping of his AK-47 to a musician with his instrument and later shows Akbar calming his son by telling him the gunfire is “just the drums, a new music”. The use of this motif through similies conveys a coping mechanism for people in traumatic situations to ease their suffering, perhaps by likening it to something beautiful. To the reader, it illustrates a further juxtaposition, and perhaps even an emotional reaction to seeing the lengths people go to palliate their surroundings. Furthermore, Turner uses the symbol of the glow-in-the-dark stars to convey the emotional justification for Akbar’s terrorism. He is not a true believer, but he does what he has to to put food on his table and give his son a better chance at life. During the gunshot, it is clear that, like the stars that only glow in the dark, his son will only be able to grow and prosper if Akbar accepts the dark in his stead, and that is how he justifies his actions. The beauty of this poem is that Turner is not telling you if Akbar is right or wrong, he even returns to the motif of habib and the wrongness that comes with loving during wartime, to show us that there is no right or wrong. Nevertheless, Turner presents you with a perspective from a human being and invites you to listen.
Lastly, I wanted to briefly touch on some of the more direct poems, such as “What Every Soldier Should Know”, which comes directly after “The Al Harishma Weapons Market”. The mere act of placing these poems back to back creates an effect of shock and contrast for the reader. While the latter shows the humanity of a terrorist in an intimate way, the former exposes the reader to the dangers of being a soldier in a curt, factual way. The poem is frightening in its empirical description of inhumane acts. Another piece that uses shock and directness to move the reader is “2000 lbs.”, which describes a suicide bombing through the multiple perspectives of the victims. However, what is interesting about that poem is that, while it does pose the point of view of the bomber, the poem does not end with him; it goes on through the lingering spirits of the people who died, moving through the world, trying to understand their new reality. While they are dead, they do not allow the violence that happened to them to define what they do next. In that same vein is “9-Line Medevac”, which is nothing more than the interaction between a soldier, whose comrades have been injured, with the closest Medevac line; however, the increasing despair at the impotency of the narrator within his context fills the reader with anguish, similar to the speaker’s, and sadness at the normalcy of the situation for the medical team.
In closing, we may conclude that Brian Turner’s Here, Bullet is a brilliant collection of poems that, above all else, convey emotion and move the reader to sympathize with a plethora of perspectives that experience the horrors of the Iraqi war. Turner does not ask anything of us other than our time and open-mindedness to understand a view different from our own, to put ourselves in someone else's position, and to remember that we are all humans and all deserving of love, comfort, and life.
Turner, Brian. Here, Bullet. Alice James Books, 2011.