Kirjandus ja õigus surmale

by Maurice Blanchot, Anti Saar (Translator), Eik Hermann (Järelsõna)

Käesolev kogu püüab pakkuda esinduslikku valikut Maurice Blanchot' kirjandusontoloogilistest esseedest ning tutvustada kahe pikema jutustuse varal ka autori proosaloomingut. Eri žanridesse kuuluvad Blanchot' tekstid vaid tinglikult, moodustades terviku üksteist täiendades, tõlgendades ja illustreerides.

Maurice Blanchot (1907–2003) on Prantsuse mõtteloo salapärasemaid ja mitmeti mõistetumaid autoreid. Tema isikupäraste arutluste ning paradoksilembese poeetika mõju on tuntav paljude 20. sajandi teise poole Prantsuse humanitaarteadlaste töödes.

Genres: Philosophy

370 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1948

About the author

Maurice Blanchot was a French philosopher, literary theorist and writer of fiction. Blanchot was a distinctly modern writer who broke down generic boundaries, particularly between literature and philosophy. He began his career as a journalist on the political far right, but the experience of fascism altered his thinking to the point that he supported the student protests of May 1968. Like so many members of his generation, Blanchot was influenced by Alexandre Kojeve's humanistic interpretation of Hegel and the rise of modern existentialism. His “Literature and the Right to Death” shows the influence that Heidegger had on a whole generation of French intellectuals.

Reviews

[la poesie a fleur de peau · Rating 4 out of 5]

"E morrer, sem dúvida, essa é a nossa preocupação. Mas porquê? É que nós que morremos, deixamos justamente tanto o mundo como a morte. É este o paradoxo da hora derradeira. A morte trabalha connosco no mundo; poder que humaniza a natureza, que eleva a existência ao ser, está em nós como a nossa parte mais humana; só é morte no mundo, o homem só a conhece porque é homem, e só é homem porque é morte em devir. Mas morrer é quebrar o mundo; é perder o homem, aniquilar o ser; é também, portanto, perder a morte, perder o que nela e por mim fazia dela a morte. Enquanto vivo, sou um homem mortal, mas quando morro, deixando de ser um homem, deixo também de ser mortal, não sou mais capaz de morrer, e a morte que se anuncia horroriza-me porque a vejo tal como é: não mais morte, mas impossibilidade de morrer."

Maurice Blanchot

[Tintarella]

اگر می‌خواهیم سخن بگوییم، باید مرگ را ببینیم، باید آن را پشت سر خود ببینیم. وقتی سخن می‌گوییم به یک مقبره تکیه کرده‌ایم، و خلاء مقبره چیزی‌ست که زبان را حقیقی می‌کند، اما در عین حال خلاء واقعیت است و مرگ تبدیل به موجود می‌شود. موجود هست -یعنی یک حقیقت منطقی و قابل بیان- و جهان هست زیرا ما می‌توانیم چیزها را نابود کنیم و هستی را به حالت تعلیق درآوریم. به همین دلیل است که می‌توانیم بگوییم وجود هست زیرا هیچی هست: مرگ امکان انسان است، فرصت اوست. از طریق مرگ است که آینده‌ی یک جهان ناتمام هنوز در برابر ماست؛ مرگ بزرگ‌ترین امید انسان است، تنها امید او برای انسان بودن.

[Michael A. · Rating 4 out of 5]

Difficult, obscure, enigmatic, typical Blanchot. This is just my observations based off (mis)interpretations. It seems like that at the core of literature if a fundamental ambiguity (he uses a slope analogy, how it can pick between two points, etc.) and that this ambiguity is tied into a knot which is essentially nothingness which is the foundation of not only literature but meaning and language itself. He says "Literature is language turning into ambiguity". Ambiguity is a struggle like that of good and evil within language (I guess clarity/confusion). Blanchot essentially seems to ontologize literature and "fills" it with negativity (but writing has no inside or outside according to him, so it's more like the negativity permeates through literature). And I believe in the Space of Literature he says that there is no center of literature, it is empty, so I think a knot is a decent metaphor for how he sees literature: it is tied and woven together with language, writing, reading, meaning, etc. but its woven around nothingness, negativity, which he equates with death (and posits death is terrifying because when it happens it implies an impossibility of death).

The comparison of the Author and the Revolutionary was interesting and I wish he explicated on that a bit more. Overall recommended if you are into literary studies or metaphysical/ontological questions about literature, especially ones that give ambiguously negative answers.

[Francisca Sá Mota · Rating 4 out of 5]

Nada e tudo, real e imaginário, espaço tempo da obra, de onde vem, onde começa e onde acaba. A experiência humana, a vida e a morte, a palavra e a literatura.

Escrita densa e complexa, por vezes demasiado em espiral. Curioso ter sentido uma certa arrogância por parte do escritor, que se baseia muito na intelectualidade. Mas que me devolve a ideia do livro também, que a literatura é capaz de ser tudo e nada.

[Airam · Rating 4 out of 5]

Une de ces lectures où l'on s'arrête souvent pour se demander si ce qu'on vient de lire était magnifiquement vide ou génial. Belle, agréable et stimulant en tous cas.

[Jonas Wahl · Rating 5 out of 5]

Difícil, duro e negro.

Blanchot diretamente diz que o que deve morrer irá. E que A Coisa existe, na totalidade por essa mesma razão. Então a literatura, uma conjuração do não existente ou a sua prova está morta? É a morte? Ou é o escape ao inevitável? Certamente a literatura terá de morrer.

[حواء]

el texto entero en castellano