“John Ford transcended the imprisonment of his anger, insecurity, and disfiguring alcoholism, and cast his imagination outward, transmuting his deep flaws into a profounder form. His films are about the search for a place we can never find, and form an album of America as it was meant to have been, as well as of the place it really is. His films have the power to burn through space to a place inside us, an art about memory that makes our own lives more vivid. He shaped a vision of America for the twentieth century…It’s made up of soldiers and priests, of drunks and doctors and servants and whores and half-crazed men driven by their need to be alone, even as they journey toward home, toward reconciliation…”
- Scott Eyman, Print the Legend: The Life and Times of John Ford
John Ford is one of the most honored of all American film directors. He won four Academy Awards for Best Director. He made over 130 movies, from silent shorts to Technicolor epics. In his own time, he was revered by his contemporaries, including Akira Kurosawa and Ingmar Bergman. Steven Spielberg counts him among his strongest influences, as anyone who’s seen E.T. must know.
Yet it is hard to say what kind of impact he still has today. To be sure, he has many fans, and is a stalwart on Turner Classic Movies. Nevertheless, his place in modern culture does not exactly feel strong. There are good reasons for this.
Many of Ford’s movies are pre-revisionist westerns, a genre that has fallen far from both repute and popularity. Even some of his best works are exceedingly old-fashioned in tone and temperament; indeed, many were old-fashioned when they first came out, many decades ago. Unlike directors such as Orson Welles, he was never known for his technical craftsmanship, or the way he changed the nature of filmmaking. To the contrary, he liked to set his camera in one place, and then shoot. Having little patience for the difficulties low light, he often used day-for-night. I’ve watched a lot of his movies, and never, ever found myself thinking: Wow, Ford’s really ahead of the times here.
That said, John Ford at his best is moviemaking at its best. In masterpieces like The Grapes of Wrath, How Green Was My Valley, She Wore a Yellow Ribbon, Fort Apache, and especially The Searchers, Ford created exquisitely photographed worlds populated by timeless character actors that create their own reality.
Generally speaking, I am interested in the art, not the artist. But given how long Ford has been in my life – I started watching his westerns with my dad when I was five – I could not resist Scott Eyman’s Print the Legend. Famously reticent about the craft, I was intrigued by what insight Eyman might provide, especially with over five-hundred pages to work with.
The answer: not much. That doesn’t make Print the Legend a bad book. It is rather entertaining, all in all. Nevertheless, much like his biography of John Wayne, this is marred by inconsistent coverage, shallow defenses of critical arguments, and a frustratingly haphazard approach to Ford’s output.
***
John Ford is interesting because of the movies he made. Take away the movies, we wouldn’t be dwelling on his life story. Thankfully, Eyman realizes this, and spends very little time on Ford’s childhood and early years, though he can’t help but include some banal interviews with his old school classmates, as though this might shed any light on him. Suffice to say, Ford had a relatively stress-free, near-middle class childhood in Maine, which is a far cry from the poor-Irish legend he crafted for himself.
***
By the time we are thirty pages in, Ford – through the help of his brother Francis – is working on studio backlots. The thing that stands out in this section is the openness of the opportunities for someone with talent. Films were still a relatively new technology, and it didn’t take Ford long to start accumulating real responsibility. More precisely, by the time we get to page forty, he is already a director.
***
Print the Legend has chronology as its overall guide, but it’s all over the place in terms of what it discusses, to what depth that discussion goes, and what is skipped entirely. If there is a throughline, it is Ford’s films, and Eyman discusses the important ones: the hits, the flops, and the ambitious misfires.
Reading about movies is never a chore. Furthermore, there’s some good stuff here. Ford’s pathological mistreatment of his actors is an especially fascinating ongoing motif, a perverse kind of cruelty that seemed calibrated to get the performances he wanted, as though this could not have been communicated in any other way. Every now and then, Eyman will also reveal an interesting behind-the-scenes factoid.
Unfortunately, Eyman eschews any delineable strategy for his film discussions. Sometimes he’ll give a synopsis of the plot, sometimes he won’t, meaning that if you haven’t seen the movie, you’ll be lost. Sometimes he’ll present a truncated review of its merits, other times he’ll just present the impressions of those who worked on it. Obviously, Eyman is a celebrity biographer, not a film critic. Still, if you’re looking for a sharp discussion of Ford’s work product, you should look to Peter Bogdanovich.
***
Though Print the Legend is heavily tilted towards Ford’s professional career, Eyman does not neglect his personal life, and actually does a pretty good, honest job with it. Like most humans, Ford was a person of contradictions. Unlike most of us, his contradictions have been held up to the scrutiny of posterity. He could be a mean bastard, but also generous. He loved his wife, but also seems to have had an affair with Katherine Hepburn, among others. He worked hard and efficiently on his film sets, but was also a fall-down drunk who went on lengthy binges that saw him drooling and peeing on himself.
Eyman also takes fleeting glances at Ford’s politics, racial views, and treatment of American Indians, who feature prominently in many of his movies. Outwardly conservative – like many of the players in his stock company – he was pretty liberal in his personal life. In Cheyenne Autumn and Sergeant Rutledge, he made movies expressly designed to tackle racism and Indian dispossession. That said, he had a habit – quite typical in Hollywood for a long time – of casting white people as Indians, especially when they were speaking roles. Eyman also makes sure to give an account of Ford’s service in the Second World War. Despite his age, he got into uniform, and found himself at the Battle of Midway, his camera rolling.
Overall, I think it’s fair to say he was a spot better than his times, but blemished for all that.
***
I believe that subtitles should be honest. If your book is about “the life and times” of someone, it should include both the life and the times. Print the Legend does not, and it’s frustrating. Eyman’s focus stays so tight on Ford that the fascinating world he inhabited goes completely unexplored. There is no real conversation about Ford’s transition from silents to talkies, or from black-and-white to color. Eyman loves to give box office totals, but never explains how studio accounting worked. Thus, the numbers he provides – the cost, ticket sales, and gross profit or loss – seldom add up. Factors impacting Ford’s movies – such as the censorship board – are mentioned in passing, without any indication as to how it worked.
Instead of basic background, Eyman is busy chasing down interviews, and then cramming the results into the book, whether it’s necessary or not. This is why we get several pages on the drinking habits of his daughter Barbara, which pops up out of nowhere, and is immediately dropped. In other words, much of the content here is derived from what others were willing to talk about.
***
The tortured artist is a cliché about which I have little interest. If you’re tortured about making art, learn how to weld or plumb or nurse. There are, after all, other ways to be useful. Perhaps the most refreshing aspects of John Ford – an aspect that endures, even as he starts to look like a dinosaur – is his unpretentiousness. Ford seemed to sense the inherent ridiculousness in the way he achieved his fortune. He let his pictures speak for themselves. While Print the Legend is fine enough, the best way to know Ford is not by reading a book, but by watching his films.