Zes tragedies

by Euripides, Gerard Koolschijn (Translator)

Van de meer dan duizend in het oude Athene opgevoerde tragedies zijn er eenendertig bewaard gebleven, waaronder zeventien van Euripides (484-406). Dit boek begint met zijn oudste stuk, Medea, en sluit met zijn laatste, Bakchanten. Het werk van Euripides behoort tot het ijzeren repertoire.

Medea toont de nasleep van de beroemde Argonautentocht onder Jason om het Gulden Vlies te bemachtigen. De missie slaagt, maar vervolgens ontwikkelt zich een groot persoonlijk drama. Bakchanten gaat over religieuze waanzin. Daarnaast zijn vier tragedies over de Trojaanse Oorlog opgenomen: Ifigeneia in Aulis (over het offeren van een dochter in bijzijn van haar moeder), Trojaanse vrouwen (de oorlog gezien door de ogen van de vrouwen uit de koninklijke familie), Elektra (over moedermoord) en Orestes (over de jonge broer van Elektra, die haar helpt bij de moord). Eurpides werd wereldberoemd vanwege zijn genadeloze kijk op het menselijk gewemel.

384 pages, Paperback

First published December 3, 2025

About the author

Euripides (Greek: Ευριπίδης) (ca. 480 BC–406 BC) was a tragedian of classical Athens. Along with Aeschylus and Sophocles, he is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians for whom any plays have survived in full. Some ancient scholars attributed ninety-five plays to him, but the Suda says it was ninety-two at most. Of these, eighteen or nineteen have survived more or less complete (Rhesus is suspect). There are many fragments (some substantial) of most of his other plays. More of his plays have survived intact than those of Aeschylus and Sophocles together, partly because his popularity grew as theirs declined—he became, in the Hellenistic Age, a cornerstone of ancient literary education, along with Homer, Demosthenes, and Menander.
Euripides is identified with theatrical innovations that have profoundly influenced drama down to modern times, especially in the representation of traditional, mythical heroes as ordinary people in extraordinary circumstances. This new approach led him to pioneer developments that later writers adapted to comedy, some of which are characteristic of romance. He also became "the most tragic of poets", focusing on the inner lives and motives of his characters in a way previously unknown. He was "the creator of ... that cage which is the theatre of William Shakespeare's Othello, Jean Racine's Phèdre, of Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg," in which "imprisoned men and women destroy each other by the intensity of their loves and hates". But he was also the literary ancestor of comic dramatists as diverse as Menander and George Bernard Shaw.
His contemporaries associated him with Socrates as a leader of a decadent intellectualism. Both were frequently lampooned by comic poets such as Aristophanes. Socrates was eventually put on trial and executed as a corrupting influence. Ancient biographies hold that Euripides chose a voluntary exile in old age, dying in Macedonia, but recent scholarship casts doubt on these sources.