The author of this book, the British writer and thinker Samuel Butler, was a proponent of the theory of evolution but rejected the Darwinian idea of the selection of species. As a result of his attempts to unite the theory of evolution with his philosophy of humanity, Butler wrote a series of works from the position of a philosopher who looked for biological foundations for his work. He tried to find a bridge to a philosophy of life that sought a scientific basis for religion and endowed a naturalistically conceived universe with a soul. In this book, we have a chance to try Butler's philosophy of life and evolution in the domain of the mental activity of a human.
Samuel Butler was an iconoclastic Victorian author who published a variety of works, including the Utopian satire Erewhon and the posthumous novel The Way of All Flesh, his two best-known works, but also extending to examinations of Christian orthodoxy, substantive studies of evolutionary thought, studies of Italian art, and works of literary history and criticism. Butler also made prose translations of The Iliad and The Odyssey which remain in use to this day.
See also: Samuel H. Butcher, Anglo-Irish classicist, who also undertook prose translations of Homer's works (in collaboration with Andrew Lang.