Obras Maestras del Pensamiento Contemporáneo: Principios de urbanismo

by Le Corbusier

Η Χάρτα των Αθηνών είναι ίσως το πλέον αμφιλεγόμενο κείμενο του "μοντέρνου κινήματος" στην αρχιτεκτονική. Θεωρήθηκε από πολλούς υπαίτια για την κατάπτωση των πόλεων κατά την περίοδο της μεταπολεμικής ανοικοδόμησης, και ιδίως στις δεκαετίες 1950 και 1960. Άλλοι πάλι συνεχίζουν να την θεωρούν ως ένα ανεκπλήρωτο μανιφέστο της σύγχρονης πολεοδομίας, που συνοψίζει ταυτόχρονα τις προσπάθειες του 19ου και 20ου αιώνα για την αντιμετώπιση των προβλημάτων των πόλεων.

Genres: Architecture, Design, Art, Nonfiction, Urban Planning, Urbanism

151 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 1938

About the author

Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, better known as Le Corbusier; was an architect, designer, painter, urban planner, writer, and one of the pioneers of what is now called modern architecture. He was born in Switzerland and became a French citizen in 1930. His career spanned five decades, with his buildings constructed throughout Europe, India, and America. He was a pioneer in studies of modern high design and was dedicated to providing better living conditions for the residents of crowded cities. He was awarded the Frank P. Brown Medal and AIA Gold Medal in 1961.
Le Corbusier adopted his pseudonym in the 1920s, allegedly deriving it in part from the name of an ancestor, Lecorbésier.

Reviews

[foteini_dl · Rating 3 out of 5]

[3.5*]
Διαβάζοντας τη Χάρτα των Αθηνών 79 χρόνια μετά την πρώτη εμφάνισή της, συνειδητοποιείς πόσα πολλά πράγματα δεν έχουν αλλάξει προς το καλύτερο. Εδώ ο Λε Κορμπυζιέ κατέθεσε τις απόψεις του για το πώς μπορούν να λυθούν τα προβλήματα που σχετίζονται με την οικιστική ανάπτυξη κατά τον 20ό αι. Αμφιλεγόμενο κείμενο, άλλοι λένε ότι ήταν υπεύθυνο για την κατάπτωση των πόλεων, άλλοι λένε ότι ήταν ένα ουτοπικό (σοσιαλιστικό) μανιφέστο.

Όπως και να το δεις, το σίγουρο είναι ότι πλέον δεν γίνονται συζητήσεις για τον σκοπό της πολεοδομίας, με αποτέλεσμα "Η πόλη δεν ανταποκρίνεται πια στον ρόλο της που είναι να στεγάζει τους ανθρώπους και να τους στεγάζει καλά". Ε, το λες και επίκαιρο βιβλίο.

[Marcin Szneider · Rating 5 out of 5]

Odważna i inspirująca lektura pomimo upływu ponad 80 lat od publikacji.

1. Karta Ateńska to zbiór 95 tez na temat miasta, będących wynikiem zjazdu Międzynarodowego Kongresu Architektury Nowoczesnej z 1933 r.

2. Karta jest dokumentem współczesnej humanistyki pochylającym się nad człowiekiem z ogromną troską.

3. Modernizm, podobnie jak marksizm został skompromitowany jako urbanistyczna ideologia i całościowa wizja świata.

4. Mimo że humanistyczne idee modernizmu zostały odrzucone, to modernistyczne formy przetrwały i są wciąż ideałem współczesnego projektowania.

5. Podstawowymi tworzywami urbanistyki są słońce, zieleń i otwarta przestrzeń a zadanie urbanistyki to pogodzenie czterech podstawowych funkcji: mieszkania, pracy, wypoczynku i komunikacji.

6. Pojęcie "wydajności" przywoływane w Karcie dotyczy nie zysku, ale produkcji wystarczającej do pełnego zaspokojenia ludzkich potrzeb.

7. W tekście Karty uderza częsta krytyka interesu prywatnego, który dominuje nad interesem ogółu.

[Petroula · Rating 4 out of 5]

Μανιφέστο για την πολεοδομία του μοντέρνου κινήματος, πρωτοπόρο για την εποχή του που κάθε αρχιτέκτονας ή πολεοδόμος πρέπει να έχει διαβάσει. Αν και σε αρκετά σημεία αυτοαναιρούμενο δεν παύει να είναι ακόμα και σήμερα επίκαιρο στην ουσία του

[mora · Rating 3 out of 5]

yo leyendo CUALQUIER cosa en vez de los textos para mis exámenes🫦 te amo le corbusier ojalá alguien te hubiese prestado atención en vez de seguir diseñando las ciudades como si su objetivo fuese matarte lo más rápido posible

[Alain · Rating 1 out of 5]

An educational read for anyone who is in the urban planning profession, or interested by it. This book reveals the mindset (which in today's context one might almost describe as criminal) through which Le Corbusier set the stage for the wanton destruction of urbanity while advocating for the complete reconstruction of the human idea of cities, in the second half of the twentieth century. An intellectual demagogy and utter utopia through which the car is seen as both the future and an object of fear, the Athens Charter represents the first comprehensive and reactionary attempt to deal with rapidly changing technology ("machinism") and the place of human beings in amongst this new "machinized" society. Understanding the Athens Charter is also understanding the enormity of the work that has been made necessary to repair cities from the follies of the Charter's philosophy.

[Bertrand · Rating 3 out of 5]

The world needs to be rebuilt from scratch! Everything is wrong and only Corbu know how to make it right. If you have the slightest interest in modernism, and by modernism I understand the promethean project of building the heavenly Jerusalem on Earth before sitting the New Man on the demiurgic throne, you must have some interest in urbanism, that remain very much the most conspicuous display of such hubris. Then you owe to read The Athen Charter, because that's pretty much the modernist bible.
Aside from it's own central cultural importance, though, the book is quite disappointing: it certainly sums up many of the overt and more subterranean notions of the modernist project, but it brings, neither in it's form nor in it's content, anything highly surprising: the hammering of concepts leaves to the readers time for his own thought, which for example allowed me to connect the nazi notion of Lebensraum with Corbu's obcession with urban density, but the book is nowhere as mind changing as I expected it to be. But then again, that might be me being all too immersed in modernism already.

[zofia maria nadzieja maria · Rating 5 out of 5]

poprzedzający tekst właściwy esej kusiak jest fantastyczny

[Ahmet Başbunar]

"Ulusal bilinç ve görev duygusunun, evrensel bir sıradanlık ve duyarsızlığın hüküm sürdüğü bir ülkede sayıları hızla azalan bir avuç insana ait bir özellik haline gelmesinden korkulmaktadir. Aklını ulusun hizmetinde kullanma gayretinin bir gün gelip yalnızca tek bir sınıfa, tek bir azınlığa ait olmasından, ülkenin dehasının, ülkenin tüm unsurlarını kapsayacak bir işleve sahip olmamasından, dahası, ulusa kendi erdem ve niteliklerini ancak hile ve zulümle kabul ettirebilen, yalnız bırakılmış bir zekanın beyinsel faaliyetinden başka bir şey olmamasından korkulmaktadir. Medeniyetimiz artık ya kurmay takımına ya da iffetli genç kızlara sahip olacak, ya bir savaşa ya da bir ayine dönüşecektir. Organları felce uğradıkça düşüncesi canlanacak, yüzüne renk gelecek ve aslında bu onun ölümü olacaktır; çünkü her ne kadar tarihçiler aksini iddia etse de, büyük ulusların ölümü hiçbir zaman beyinden başlamaz. Tam tersine, son zamanlarına doğru, bazen meyvelerini verebilmek için en uygun kişileri bulurlar ve can çekisirken de karşılarında seyirci olarak çoğu zaman en büyük adamları vardır. Büyük medeniyetler, hayatta kalmayı başararak kendilerinden sorumlu olan en kusursuz ve en fanatik ürünlerden çok daha korkunç bir bilinçle ölürler. Önceleri içgüdüsel olan ve sonradan tam bir lükse dönüşen bir hayatı küstahça tüketen bir seçkin grubuna ya da bir beyne indirgenen bir ulusun sonu da, unutuşun yüzeyinde dalgalanıp duran, olduğu gibi, bozulmadan kalmış boş bir seçkin grubun ruhunu ve çehresini bugüne ulaştıran, yok olup gitmiş uluslarınki gibi olacaktır."

[Betül · Rating 4 out of 5]

Le Corbusier'in "Mimarlık, her şeyin anahtarıdır." sözü, Atina Anlaşması'nın 93. maddesinde yer alarak sadece mimariyi değil, modern kent tasarımı için kapsamlı bir vizyonu da yansıtıyor. 1933 yılında Atina'da düzenlenen Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM) toplantılarının dördüncüsü, modern mimarinin öncü isimlerinden Le Corbusier'in kent bilimi ilkelerini madde madde açıkladığı bir rehber haline gelmiş ve kitapta derlenmiş. Oldukça akıcı olmakla beraber dönemin öne çıkan makineleşme gündemi de yoğunlukla hissediliyor. Konutları kent tasarımının ana odağı olarak gören Le Corbusier, konut yerleşimlerini, şehir, ulaşım, yeşil alan ve tarihi doku ile birlikte ele alarak çağın gerekliliklerine vurgu yapıyor. Kitap, Modern Mimari'nin kaygılarını anlamak için başlangıç niteliğinde değerlendirilebilir. 8/10

[Sarah Tanguy · Rating 3 out of 5]

Honnêtement c'était passionnant et très facile à comprendre. C'est un questionnement autour de l'urbanisme avec des emphases sur le droit à la nature et à la lumière et qui emprunte aux idées communistes quant à la réflexion autour de la vie ouvrière et la collectivité de ses habitations mais aussi dans ses loisirs et les moyens de transport.

Mais il est à noter que Le Corbusier avait des opinions antisémites, eugénistes et surtout fascistes même avant la WWII, jusqu'à ses espoirs écrit en Hitler et sa proximité avec le régime de Vichy.

J'ai lu ce livre comme un témoignage des volontés et des fantasmes architecturaux d'une époque et une opportunité de penser l'urbanisme d'aujourd'hui dans ce qu'il en descend ou au contraire s'est construit en opposition.

[Pedro Crespo · Rating 3 out of 5]

La obra emblema de Le Corbusier y el CIAM.

Explica las lógicas del movimiento moderno como manifiesto de lo "correcto" a aplicarse en el Urbanismo.
Ideas que en la teoría de 1941 tenían una impronta disrruptiva y tensionaba con lo establecido en proyectos urbanos anteriores, dando lugar como eje central a las lógicas funcionalistas del habitar.

Viéndolo desde la distancia, fueron lógicas pensadas desde Europa central para "resolver los problemas del mundo", que fueron aplicadas en dos ciudades que no estaban en Europa (Brasilia y Chandigarh) y terminaron siendo un fracaso en cada caso.

[S. · Rating 3 out of 5]

Le manifeste du CIAM.
Une lecture essentielle et tellement controversée (finally) ... aux côtés de la cité radieuse du même auteur.

[Uri · Rating 5 out of 5]

Molt interessant, es nota que va ser un gran i així es veu amb tot el llegat que ha deixat, mis dieses

[SadKluska · Rating 3 out of 5]

fajnie gdyby to jeszcze coś dało XD

[Eryk · Rating 3 out of 5]

6/10

[Müge Yaylacık · Rating 5 out of 5]

Şehirciliğin ana yasası denilecek kadar öz, net ve insan ölçeğine saygılı mekansal çözüm önerileri…

[Juan Ortiz · Rating 5 out of 5]

De lectura fácil y rápida, imprescindible para entender de donde viene el urbanismo contemporáneo.