Who was Roland, Count of the Breton Marshes? Roland led the rearguard army of Charles, King of the Franks, which, while retreating after sacking Pamploma in Spain, was annihilated as it passed through the Roncevaux gorge. But by whom? King Marsile"s infidels? Local Christian Basques? Professor Owen reviews the evidence here and gives a detailed summary of the Song of Roland - an introduction to Medieval French. A fascinating study.