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Band on the Run: Xenophon and the First Great Mercenary Army's Epic Escape from Persia
A riveting retelling of one of the great adventure stories of antiquity—when Greek philosopher-warrior Xenophon led a stranded band of the “Ten Thousand” mercenary soldiers on a treacherous escape from the Persians.
400 BC. The Persian prince Cyrus the Younger hires an army of Greek soldiers to oust his brother from the Persian throne. But when Cyrus dies in battle during the army’s trek through the middle east, the army is stranded deep in enemy territory.
Led by Xenophon, a young Athenian philosopher turned solider, the Ten Thousand fought their way home through deserts and mountains, snowstorms, starvation, and relentless attacks, evolving into one of the most fearsome forces of the ancient world. Their journey, chronicled in Xenophon’s Anabasis, is one of history’s greatest military stories.
In Band on the Run, Robert O’Connell not only gives us an exciting and witty retelling of this story, but he has done so with a wise contemporary spin. For in his estimation, this was the battle that established the use of powerful mercenary forces. The attempted conquest of the Ten Thousand begins a historical line through Western history of the use of mercenary armies that has lasted up to our present day. And, as O’Connell shows, much misery and tragedy in human history has been due to this trajectory. This is a brilliant revisionist history with important lessons for our time.
400 BC. The Persian prince Cyrus the Younger hires an army of Greek soldiers to oust his brother from the Persian throne. But when Cyrus dies in battle during the army’s trek through the middle east, the army is stranded deep in enemy territory.
Led by Xenophon, a young Athenian philosopher turned solider, the Ten Thousand fought their way home through deserts and mountains, snowstorms, starvation, and relentless attacks, evolving into one of the most fearsome forces of the ancient world. Their journey, chronicled in Xenophon’s Anabasis, is one of history’s greatest military stories.
In Band on the Run, Robert O’Connell not only gives us an exciting and witty retelling of this story, but he has done so with a wise contemporary spin. For in his estimation, this was the battle that established the use of powerful mercenary forces. The attempted conquest of the Ten Thousand begins a historical line through Western history of the use of mercenary armies that has lasted up to our present day. And, as O’Connell shows, much misery and tragedy in human history has been due to this trajectory. This is a brilliant revisionist history with important lessons for our time.
256 pages, Kindle Edition
First published July 28, 2026
About the author
Robert L. O'Connell
12 books70 followersRobert L. O'Connell is an American historian, intelligence analyst, and author known for his thought-provoking works on war, weaponry, and human aggression. With a career spanning both public service and academia, he spent three decades as an intelligence analyst at the National Ground Intelligence Center and later served as a visiting professor of defense analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School.
O'Connell's books blend historical insight with philosophical inquiry. His acclaimed works include Of Arms and Men, Sacred Vessels, and Ride of the Second Horseman, each exploring the evolution of warfare and its roots in human behavior. He also authored the illustrated volume Soul of the Sword and ventured into fiction with Fast Eddie: A Novel in Many Voices.
Driven by a lifelong passion for storytelling, O'Connell has described his writing process as a trance-like state where ideas seem to flow from an external source. Whether writing history or fiction, his work reflects a deep engagement with the human condition through the lens of conflict and creativity.
O'Connell's books blend historical insight with philosophical inquiry. His acclaimed works include Of Arms and Men, Sacred Vessels, and Ride of the Second Horseman, each exploring the evolution of warfare and its roots in human behavior. He also authored the illustrated volume Soul of the Sword and ventured into fiction with Fast Eddie: A Novel in Many Voices.
Driven by a lifelong passion for storytelling, O'Connell has described his writing process as a trance-like state where ideas seem to flow from an external source. Whether writing history or fiction, his work reflects a deep engagement with the human condition through the lens of conflict and creativity.
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Displaying 1 - 8 of 8 reviews
Review of advance copy received from NetGalley
My thanks to NetGalley and Simon & Schuster for an advance copy of this book that looks at a classic of military history, a story of survival, of violence, and of retreat, a told that has been used as the basis of many stories, and one that still thrills readers today.
One of my Father's great gifts was the illegal cable box that he acquired not long after moving to the wilds of Connecticut. This was a boon to me, and as my parents were pretty lax about telling me what I could and could not watch, I saw movies that were probably a little too mature for me. One of these films was the Walter Hill cult-classic The Warriors. A tale of a street gang, The Warriors are accused of deception, and find the entire city of New York after them. They must make their way to the safety of Coney Island, an arduous trek through a city loaded with enemies, both outside and inside their group. I loved it, and asked my Dad about it. After the spiel about the controversy about the film he added, of course it is all based on an old story I learned in school. As I got older I saw this quite a bit, old stories, old history retold for modern day. However few beat the original stories. A long trek, beset on all sides, without a clue of where to go, the draw of home being oh so powerful. All of this and much more is told in this history, Band on the Run: Xenophon and the First Great Mercenary Army's Epic Escape from Persia by Robert L. O'Connell.
The book begins with the writer thinking of all the books he was planning to enjoy now that retirement had come. And even the books that maybe could come of them. It was the story of the Anabasis that caught O'Connell's attention, a book about a war, deception, lies and a travel across a dangerous landscape, one known to many, but not the whole story. O'Connell looks at the history of war from the most ancient of times. Cave paintings of men with bows, fighting not in formations but individually in ways. O'Connell looks at how war became small battles, to larger ones, involving full scale destruction, and wholesale killing. The rise of civilian atrocities, and even of slavery and looting. O'Connell looks at Persian history and Greek history, the rise of their empires, what brought them to war, and finally to the battles that lead to Xenophon's Anabasis.
A book that was far bigger and more broad in scope than I expected. I really thought it would be just a pop history retelling of the Anabasis, however there is a lot more than that. Some of the asides might be a little odd to people. A few pages on ant battles for example. However, my wondering soon became interest as O'Connell brought everything together. The rise of war, what war meant, the rise of tactics, and even of men who made war their business. The writing is quite good, with lots of information, and even a little humor, about Greeks facing chariots with blades sticking out from axles. There is some jokes that don't land as well, but the book is well written, and once settles into the tale, has a really propulsive narrative that keeps the reader filling pages.
An interesting book, one that I learned quite a bit of, and when I first started didn't notice that time was flying past as I read. This is my first reading of anything by Robert O'Connell, and I look forward to enjoying more in the future.
One of my Father's great gifts was the illegal cable box that he acquired not long after moving to the wilds of Connecticut. This was a boon to me, and as my parents were pretty lax about telling me what I could and could not watch, I saw movies that were probably a little too mature for me. One of these films was the Walter Hill cult-classic The Warriors. A tale of a street gang, The Warriors are accused of deception, and find the entire city of New York after them. They must make their way to the safety of Coney Island, an arduous trek through a city loaded with enemies, both outside and inside their group. I loved it, and asked my Dad about it. After the spiel about the controversy about the film he added, of course it is all based on an old story I learned in school. As I got older I saw this quite a bit, old stories, old history retold for modern day. However few beat the original stories. A long trek, beset on all sides, without a clue of where to go, the draw of home being oh so powerful. All of this and much more is told in this history, Band on the Run: Xenophon and the First Great Mercenary Army's Epic Escape from Persia by Robert L. O'Connell.
The book begins with the writer thinking of all the books he was planning to enjoy now that retirement had come. And even the books that maybe could come of them. It was the story of the Anabasis that caught O'Connell's attention, a book about a war, deception, lies and a travel across a dangerous landscape, one known to many, but not the whole story. O'Connell looks at the history of war from the most ancient of times. Cave paintings of men with bows, fighting not in formations but individually in ways. O'Connell looks at how war became small battles, to larger ones, involving full scale destruction, and wholesale killing. The rise of civilian atrocities, and even of slavery and looting. O'Connell looks at Persian history and Greek history, the rise of their empires, what brought them to war, and finally to the battles that lead to Xenophon's Anabasis.
A book that was far bigger and more broad in scope than I expected. I really thought it would be just a pop history retelling of the Anabasis, however there is a lot more than that. Some of the asides might be a little odd to people. A few pages on ant battles for example. However, my wondering soon became interest as O'Connell brought everything together. The rise of war, what war meant, the rise of tactics, and even of men who made war their business. The writing is quite good, with lots of information, and even a little humor, about Greeks facing chariots with blades sticking out from axles. There is some jokes that don't land as well, but the book is well written, and once settles into the tale, has a really propulsive narrative that keeps the reader filling pages.
An interesting book, one that I learned quite a bit of, and when I first started didn't notice that time was flying past as I read. This is my first reading of anything by Robert O'Connell, and I look forward to enjoying more in the future.
Review of advance copy received from NetGalley
A Review of Robert L. O’Connell, Band on the Run: Xenophon and the First Great Mercenary Army’s Epic Escape from Persia (Simon and Schuster, 2026)
Reviewed by John W. Wright
Homer's The Odyssey has come again to the Hollywood big screen -- brought to us by director Christopher Nolan.
Long before the tail engaged Dolan, Homer's tale inspired Greek mercenaries struggling to return home. They had engaged an inner-Achaemenid (Persian) rivalry for the office of the Great King. Having lost their Persian patron, Greek mercenary warriors made their way from far behind enemy lines under a new leader, one of their own, Xenophon. Many of the remnants of the army survived their pillaging sojourn home. Xenophon himself survived the trek and recorded his and his army's exploits in The Anabasis. The military historian, Robert L. O'Connell, describes this trek home in his new book, Band on the Run (with no apologies to Paul McCartney and Wings).
The sensitivities formed by a life-time as a military historians serve O'Connell well in the book. The book covers its material in three movements: the first movement describes the imperial dynamics and conditions that led to "the March of the Ten Thousand" northward to the Black Sea, then west, and then South; the second, the bulk of the book, details the trek itself and its immediate aftermath; the third summarizes the Xenophon's volumes impact, both in the Anabasis of Alexander the Great and the employment of the use of mercenaries within military campaigns.. The book gives great insight into both Hellenistic and Achaemenid military equipment, formations, and equipment as well as the social history of the late Achaemenid empire.
O'Connell has accomplished a great gift through his military recapping of the survival of the army of the ten thousand. As the book progresses, military history transitions into a social history of the dynamics of the Achaemenid empire and upper Mesopotamian domain - and the political structure of the western Achaemenid empire. The story of the battle pushes O'Connell's narrative forward dramatically, with plentiful quotes from Xenophon's primary account - the only primary account of a military campaign from the era. Intriguing details about the Achaemenid realm, Hellenistic versus Achaemenid military composition and strategies, and the agricultural and social structures of the many tribal regions that the Achaemenids incorporated into their realm.
At times O'Connell's lack of Achaemenid expertise comes through in his narrative. But such instances are rare. The book meets the demands of a popular history and the technical military and social history of the interaction between the Greek and Persian worlds, with the clear, accessible prose of an expert story teller. One can easily understand how Homer's Odyssey aided the persistence of the army of the Ten Thousand. In an age where people speak of a "Thucydides trap," O'Connell gives a much more nuanced and complicated history of the interaction between the Greeks and the Persians.
In the meantime, come for the military drama; stay for the social historical details!
Reviewed by John W. Wright
Homer's The Odyssey has come again to the Hollywood big screen -- brought to us by director Christopher Nolan.
Long before the tail engaged Dolan, Homer's tale inspired Greek mercenaries struggling to return home. They had engaged an inner-Achaemenid (Persian) rivalry for the office of the Great King. Having lost their Persian patron, Greek mercenary warriors made their way from far behind enemy lines under a new leader, one of their own, Xenophon. Many of the remnants of the army survived their pillaging sojourn home. Xenophon himself survived the trek and recorded his and his army's exploits in The Anabasis. The military historian, Robert L. O'Connell, describes this trek home in his new book, Band on the Run (with no apologies to Paul McCartney and Wings).
The sensitivities formed by a life-time as a military historians serve O'Connell well in the book. The book covers its material in three movements: the first movement describes the imperial dynamics and conditions that led to "the March of the Ten Thousand" northward to the Black Sea, then west, and then South; the second, the bulk of the book, details the trek itself and its immediate aftermath; the third summarizes the Xenophon's volumes impact, both in the Anabasis of Alexander the Great and the employment of the use of mercenaries within military campaigns.. The book gives great insight into both Hellenistic and Achaemenid military equipment, formations, and equipment as well as the social history of the late Achaemenid empire.
O'Connell has accomplished a great gift through his military recapping of the survival of the army of the ten thousand. As the book progresses, military history transitions into a social history of the dynamics of the Achaemenid empire and upper Mesopotamian domain - and the political structure of the western Achaemenid empire. The story of the battle pushes O'Connell's narrative forward dramatically, with plentiful quotes from Xenophon's primary account - the only primary account of a military campaign from the era. Intriguing details about the Achaemenid realm, Hellenistic versus Achaemenid military composition and strategies, and the agricultural and social structures of the many tribal regions that the Achaemenids incorporated into their realm.
At times O'Connell's lack of Achaemenid expertise comes through in his narrative. But such instances are rare. The book meets the demands of a popular history and the technical military and social history of the interaction between the Greek and Persian worlds, with the clear, accessible prose of an expert story teller. One can easily understand how Homer's Odyssey aided the persistence of the army of the Ten Thousand. In an age where people speak of a "Thucydides trap," O'Connell gives a much more nuanced and complicated history of the interaction between the Greeks and the Persians.
In the meantime, come for the military drama; stay for the social historical details!
Review of advance copy received from Publisher
** I received a copy of this book through a LibraryThing Giveaway **
The most interesting things about this look at the Anabasis of Xenophon--the latest exploration of a familiar classical source--is the author's interesting perspective on modern warfare and geopolitics. Some of the insights here about Achaemenid Persian leadership seem directly applicable to the current crop of people leading the Islamic Republic of Iran. The book also takes a substantial amount of time and space to build out a theory of different sorts of empires/societies and the sorts of armies they fielded that tries to help explain what seems superficially improbable (the Greek/Macedonian triumphs against the numerically superior Persians, over and over again), but is, according to O'Connell, almost a fait accompli.
As for the rest of the book, O'Connell himself repeatedly admits that Xenophon is the ultimate and best source for the story itself. It is nice to have a wise guide along to help the non-specialist know where Xenophon is most open to question and when he's revealing something truly interesting and unique. If you want a quick and easy to understand exploration of this famous and classic tale--as well as a quick grounding in the ancient world and its striking similarities (and dissimilarities) to our own world--this is a great place to go for Xenophon's tale of being stuck in the Persian Empire at the head of a mercenary army of 10,000 hoplites. Though, at the end of the day, given the numerous and lengthy passages of Xenophon here, you may just want to read the original source material.
The most interesting things about this look at the Anabasis of Xenophon--the latest exploration of a familiar classical source--is the author's interesting perspective on modern warfare and geopolitics. Some of the insights here about Achaemenid Persian leadership seem directly applicable to the current crop of people leading the Islamic Republic of Iran. The book also takes a substantial amount of time and space to build out a theory of different sorts of empires/societies and the sorts of armies they fielded that tries to help explain what seems superficially improbable (the Greek/Macedonian triumphs against the numerically superior Persians, over and over again), but is, according to O'Connell, almost a fait accompli.
As for the rest of the book, O'Connell himself repeatedly admits that Xenophon is the ultimate and best source for the story itself. It is nice to have a wise guide along to help the non-specialist know where Xenophon is most open to question and when he's revealing something truly interesting and unique. If you want a quick and easy to understand exploration of this famous and classic tale--as well as a quick grounding in the ancient world and its striking similarities (and dissimilarities) to our own world--this is a great place to go for Xenophon's tale of being stuck in the Persian Empire at the head of a mercenary army of 10,000 hoplites. Though, at the end of the day, given the numerous and lengthy passages of Xenophon here, you may just want to read the original source material.
August 6, 2026
I have read little snippets of Xenophon's Anabasis for years but this is the first, albeit in a more or lessReader's Digest format, coherent, beginning to end, treatment of the exploits of the 10,000 I've come across. It is history as an action thriller novel. The narrative is fast paced with sly humor sprinkled throughout. O'Connell places the action of Anabasis within the context of all of recorded world history, from ancient Egypt to the nineteenth century. I'm fairly certain the title Band on the Run... refers to Paul McCartney's record album and hit single of the same name. O'Connell includes the complete lyrics to Goin' Up the Country by bluesman Henry Thomas, popularized by the rock-blues band Canned Heat in 1968.
Read
June 10, 2026A good story told poorly. O'Connell's theory regarding mercenary armies gets in the way of simply recounting the tale of the Anabasis for a modern audience. I also found his constant need to belittle the practice of ancient Greek religion to be annoying. Good works of history help you understand the mindset of the subject of the work, rather than allow you to port in all your previously conceived ideas. It doesn't matter if I find their religion credible, they did! Ultimately, he would have been better served to let the story breathe and spend his time painting a picture of that.
See my full review on my YouTube channel "I'll Read It...Eventually"
https://youtu.be/gYH-E-2GuWk
See my full review on my YouTube channel "I'll Read It...Eventually"
https://youtu.be/gYH-E-2GuWk
Review of advance copy
I received this free from Library Thing and the publisher in exchange for a honest review. My opinions are my own.
I knew nothing about Xenophon before reading this book. I have read some Greek and Persian history, but not this period. So I appreciated this account of the Ten Thousand and their march through Persia. They were certainly a ruthless bunch. However, I found it hard to keep all the unfamiliar names straight. Maybe a list of characters would have helped. The book was fast paced and easy enough to read, but I didn't appreciate the frequent editorial comments on religion. It was jarring.
I knew nothing about Xenophon before reading this book. I have read some Greek and Persian history, but not this period. So I appreciated this account of the Ten Thousand and their march through Persia. They were certainly a ruthless bunch. However, I found it hard to keep all the unfamiliar names straight. Maybe a list of characters would have helped. The book was fast paced and easy enough to read, but I didn't appreciate the frequent editorial comments on religion. It was jarring.
Review of advance copy received from Publisher
This book was interesting, but I struggled a bit to engage with the topic. I'm not the biggest fan of military history and I can be skeptical of ancient history, because, as the author acknowledges, sources are few and far between. Still, this book did introduce me to a new view of the ancient rivalry between the Greek city-states and the Persian empire. This was a brutal age, and readers should be forewarned about some of the descriptions given (often directly from primary sources). Interesting, but not for everyone.
Review of advance copy received from NetGalley
Woof. ‘Exciting’? No. ‘Witty’? Subjective, at best, but I would say no. ‘Riveting’? No. ‘Retelling’? I guess, on a technicality. I learned a lot in this book, but I did not enjoy it and I will admit I am hardly the target audience. I had very high expectations and ultimately felt disconnected from an almost pretentious voice that was too meandering in its storytelling.
There were, to me, two components to this story: the retelling, and the contextual insights. The retelling was used as a platform for the contextual insights, and this was the part I was most looking forward to (how the ten thousand enabled the continued use of mercenary armies through history particularly). However, it was a quick summary in chapter ten, with almost no time spent on the topic, and by which point I was already frustrated and bored and ready to move on. The retelling led me to believe that the Ten Thousand really weren’t as innovative as we are led to believe, and survived more on dumb luck and brute force.
My key memory points are that ants were the first species to enact war, and ancient Persians could not write. Oh, and the mention of animal sacrifices for seers led me down a very informative side quest that should have gotten some contextual page time, given how frequently our hero relied on this to guide his decisions.
Thank you to NetGalley and Simon & Schuster for the ARC and the opportunity to read and review this title.
There were, to me, two components to this story: the retelling, and the contextual insights. The retelling was used as a platform for the contextual insights, and this was the part I was most looking forward to (how the ten thousand enabled the continued use of mercenary armies through history particularly). However, it was a quick summary in chapter ten, with almost no time spent on the topic, and by which point I was already frustrated and bored and ready to move on. The retelling led me to believe that the Ten Thousand really weren’t as innovative as we are led to believe, and survived more on dumb luck and brute force.
My key memory points are that ants were the first species to enact war, and ancient Persians could not write. Oh, and the mention of animal sacrifices for seers led me down a very informative side quest that should have gotten some contextual page time, given how frequently our hero relied on this to guide his decisions.
Thank you to NetGalley and Simon & Schuster for the ARC and the opportunity to read and review this title.
Displaying 1 - 8 of 8 reviews