In honor of the occasion this Halloween, let us quickly review a glossy coffee-table volume in the Penguin Random House’s DK Publishing series entitled A History of Ghosts, Spirits and the Supernatural (senior editor, Kathryn Hennessy, published in 2024). Crammed with detail, lavishly illustrated, fairly sedate considering the subject matter, an archaeological and literary reference solely—there is no recounting here of parapsychological investigations or any such things belonging to low-brow culture.
Highly multicultural by design, the present work takes a diachronic historical approach, beginning with prehistory (cave paintings, megalithic passage tombs etc.), and moving on to archaic and classical antiquity (Egypt, Orphism, Zoroastrianism, ancestor worship in China) then medieval (Arabic sorcery, Kabbalah and Jewish legends of the golem, Slavic mythology). The views of Australian aborigines and other early shamanistic societies in Africa and elsewhere on the underworld and the afterlife are surveyed. The age-old Celtic festival of Samhain seems to have provided precedents for what would become, in the medieval Latin West, All Hallows’ Eve and All Saints’ Day. The sweeping chronological format dictates an examination of the role of ghosts and witchcraft in early modern drama through the Romantics and Victorians. To this recensionist’s tastes, the later chapters become less intrinsically interesting, as one enters next into an overview of occultism and the paranormal in the popular culture of the twentieth century.
Those who are consummately literate will presumably already be well aware of such things but it is useful for the rest of us to be filled in on a variety of cultural phenomena across the globe, to flip through, say, a précis on the legend of the Flying Dutchman, or the development of Gothic horror fiction, classic Chinese novels about waiting women ghosts, Japanese demonic monster tales, the origin of zombies in Hatian voodoo religion and the distinction between zombies and revenants, selected at random from among many other curiosities along these lines. This broadly conceived encyclopedia also includes succinct cultural histories of the witch burning craze of the seventeenth century, Rosicrucianism in the eighteenth century, the Spiritualist movement starting in the nineteenth century, modern exorcist movies, and so on. Of course, on all these topics one gets but the merest sketch in an encyclopedia like the present one, but it is definitely worth perusing if only to view the excellent color illustrations splashed on every page.
Intended for recreational reading and not by any means deeply philosophical. Yet, even so, this provocative book invites a probing meditation on what it means to be human, given the prominence with which the supernatural realm has impinged upon the consciousness of living men from as far back as prehistoric times and continuing up to the present day. Can we, after all, dispense with mythology altogether, as, in learned modern times, the official stance of enlightened reason wants to impose on everyone? Or, does it merely drive a wedge between what our superficial conscious mind allows itself to know and our unconscious experience of the uncanny? A comment on the anthropological significance of ghost tales, traditional in virtually every known society—perhaps there very well might be, as the locus classicus has it, ‘more things in Heaven and Earth...than are dreamt of in your philosophy’ (Hamlet to Horatio in Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet), or than are permitted for us denizens of modernity to imagine by the regnant secular-materialist ideology of our supposedly scientific age, and still up to today the freer domains of creative art and speculative literature tenaciously keep alive a deep-seated memory of mankind’s precarious place in the strange order of the world, being, in reality, an intricate and mysterious juxtaposition of the natural and the supernatural?