4 ⭐
”It is amazing that the former Africans could ever smile and laugh, let alone make up riddles and songs and jokes and tell tales. As slaves, they were forced to live without citizenship, without rights, as property – like horses and cows – belonging to someone else. But no amount of hard labour and suffering could suppress their powers of imagination”.
- Virginia Hamilton
’The People Could Fly – American Black Folktales’, told by Virginia Hamilton, is an illustrated collection of 24 folktales representing the foundational material of a storytelling tradition belonging to the Africans who were bought to America against their will, forcibly suppressed by their white slaveowners and condemned to a life of slavery.
For personal enjoyment and takeaway, I give this 3 stars. For Historical and Cultural significance of folktales, a resounding 5 stars, hence, the settling on 4.
The stories are divided into 4 distinctly themed “Chapters”.
The first is, essentially, tales of animal trickery and mischief. I failed to grasp the moral lessons presumably present in these stories, or the characteristics shared between the animals and the plantation residents that they were inspired by. Perhaps there wasn’t a moral lesson to be found and these tales were more a, sort of, fictional wish-fulfillment for plantation slaves who saw no way out but still shared a sharp wit and a strong imagination. I know that the common and recurring character in these animal tales, Bruh rabbit, seemingly small and helpless but, importantly, smart, tricky and clever would often outsmart other, more threatening animals such as He Lion or Bruh Alligator and “to the slaves, the rabbit came to be identified with themselves”. Strangely, I often found Bruh rabbit to be, in addition to smart, tricky and clever, quite cruel and selfish. Characteristics that made his character slightly less endearing than I imagine was intended. This continues in later chapters when the poor and weak triumph over a stronger opponent but often in cruel and immoral ways.
The second chapter contains tall-tales or Münchhausens, fanciful stories full of riddles and further trickery. I found a number of tales in this book that are probably, in my opinion, inappropriate (read:terrifying) for young children but this chapter takes the cake with the tale, ‘The Two Johns’ which contains some really out-of-the-blue grisly material. Chapter 3’s ‘The Peculiar Such Thing’ is a fantastic story to read as a bedtime story to your kids…. If you want them to a) Not go to sleep or b) wake up screaming in the middle of the night.
In fact, just throw the whole ‘Chapter 3’ into the category of slightly grim (but obviously left to the discretion of parents) tales for children, as they are all “spine-chilling ghost and devil tales”. One such tale, ‘Little Eight John’ was specifically told to mischievous children to frighten them into being good!
Chapter 4 contained my favourite stories in the collection. Made up of slave tales of freedom including the titular ‘The People Could Fly, probably the finest of the selection. These are, for the most part, tales of slaves making bets or deals to secure their freedom (a slaveowner would say “make me laugh” or “give me a riddle I can’t solve” and if successful, the slave would be set free). While most likely fanciful tales, as it was a very rare occurrence for a slave to win or be given freedom, I can only imagine their importance in terms of morale-boosting potential or brief respite from the terribly oppressive and dismal reality of a life in chains.
Hamilton opts for a simplified dialect and the use of “moderate colloquialisms” in her retelling of these stories. I’ve seen a number of differing opinions on the level of difficulty understanding the text but I have to say, I don’t think the majority of people will have any difficulty understanding any of the vocabulary used. There is one exception in the tale ‘Bruh Alligator meets Trouble’, in which Virginia includes a couple of dozen Gullah words but you can pretty much gather the meaning in context to the sentences they’re placed in. If not, there is also a glossary at the end of the tale. I will leave a small excerpt below of Virginia’s simplified dialect, followed by the actual gullah dialect of the same text for those who are interested in seeing the difference:
”And that how it been since the greement made. Whenever hounds run Bruh deer, Bruh deer take to the river and Bruh Alligator leave him alone. The hound gone track Deer, and Alligator gone get hound. But if Bruh Deer ever come to the river without the dogs chasin him, then he have to take he chance.”
”Dat w’ymekso ebbuh sence de’ ‘greement mek, w’enebbuh dog run’um, buh deer tek de ribbuh en’ buh alligettuh lem’lone, en’ w’en de beagle’ come ‘e ketch’um, but ef buh deer ebbuh come duh ribbuh bidout dog dey att’um, him haffuh tek ‘e chance.”
Phew, my autocorrect hated that! I felt the dialect had a real Jamaican tinge to it and looking to it’s origins I was actually not far off.
It would be remiss of me not to mention the fantastic illustrations produced by Leo and Diane Dillon. The effect they have on bringing these folktales to life can't be overestimated. Really wonderful.
Overall, I enjoyed these folktale retellings but thought, at times, they felt so heavily abridged as to appear incomplete. I could be mistaken. In any case, I will have to think on it for a bit before considering whether the cultural significance of the work outweighs the potential for terrifying one’s children, when it comes to whether or not I would read this collection to my child.
”Remember the voices from the past. As do the folktales, keep close all the past that was good, and that remains full of promise.”
- Virginia Hamilton