339-Abnormal psychology-Ronald Comer-Psychology-1992
Barack
2021/06/2 1
" Abnormal psychology ", first edition in 1992. It mainly discusses some psychological problems.
Ronald Comer, born in 1947. Studied at the University of Pennsylvania and Clark University. He is 1993 won the years at The President is ' S Award for Distinguished Teaching. Representative works: " Abnormal psychology " and so on.
Table of Contents
1. Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present
2. Research in Abnormal Psychology
3. Models of Abnormality
4. Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment
5. Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Related Disorders
6. Disorders of Trauma and Stress
7. Depressive and Bipolar Disorders
8. Treatments for Depressive and Bipolar Disorders
9. Suicide
10. Disorders Featuring Somatic Symptoms
" Most of us would probably consider Johanne's and Alberto's emotions,
thoughts, and behaviors psychologically abnormal. They are the result of a
state sometimes called psychopathology, maladjustment, emotional
disturbance, or mental illness (see PsychWatch ). ”
When the material is not developed enough, people do not have enough resources and interest to study mental illness. Unfortunately, people suffering from mental illness are regarded as monsters and aliens, unable to have a life similar to normal people. Only when the social and economic development reaches a certain stage, people are willing to invest resources to understand the inner depths of these small groups of people.
" Still, most of the
definitions have certain features in common, often called “the four Ds”:
deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger. That is, patterns of psychological
abnormality are typically deviant (different, extreme, unusual, perhaps even
bizarre), distressing (unpleasant and upsetting to the person), dysfunctional
(interfering with the person's ability to conduct daily activities in a
constructive way), and possibly dangerous. ”
Psychology is related to human sensibility and can be regarded as social science, so its definition is difficult. However, despite the lack of an accepted definition, we can still find some similarities.
" In short, abnormal behavior, thoughts, and emotions are those that differ
markedly from a society's ideas about proper functioning. Each society
establishes norms—stated and unstated rules for proper conduct. Behavior
that breaks legal norms is considered to be criminal. Behavior, thoughts, and
emotions that break norms of psychological functioning are called abnormal. ”
There is a saying that genius and madman may only be separated by a thin line. Of course, this sentence is a very extreme statement, but it also means that genius and madman have some "similarities". A genius can think of and do things that others can't or can't, but often these are positive and good aspects; lunatics will also think and do things that others can't or can't, but they are often negative. Therefore, in our pursuit of innovation, we must not only be different but also see whether the difference has a positive effect.
" Even functioning that is considered unusual does not necessarily qualify as
abnormal. According to many clinical theorists, behavior, ideas, or emotions
usually have to cause distress before they can be labeled abnormal. ”
Apart from physiological disease regardless, people's own distress may also become a physiological disease cause, so we need to maintain a healthy mind, just to maintain a healthy body, helps the body fight disease the same.
" Abnormal behavior tends to be dysfunctional; that is, it interferes with daily
functioning. It so upsets, distracts, or confuses people that they cannot care
for themselves properly, participate in ordinary social interactions, or work
productively. "
If mental anxiety affects daily life, it also means that we may not be able to accomplish what we should accomplish. This may also be a psychological abnormality. For example, because of our own psychological barriers, there are no Measures to complete their studies or produce procrastination, which is a kind of possible mental illness, but to varying degrees Bale.
" Perhaps the ultimate psychological dysfunction is behavior that becomes
dangerous to oneself or others. Individuals whose behavior is consistently
careless, hostile, or confused may be placing themselves or those around
them at risk. ”
A person's mental disorder means that his behavior is unpredictable. The reason why people can act in accordance with the rules of society and not do things that hurt themselves or others is not that everyone is a saint, but because they can see that the consequences of doing so are not worth the loss, so they do not do dangerous things. behavior, but once the ability to self-control disappears when that one person could make aggressive behavior, which is a source of danger.
“ Despite their differences, most clinicians do agree that large numbers of
people need therapy of one kind or another. Later you will encounter
evidence that therapy is indeed often helpful. ”
In fact, even in daily life, everyone receives "psychotherapy" in one form or another. This type of psychotherapy does not necessarily involve seeing a psychologist. For example, talking with friends may also be a way of easing psychology. Way. This actually explains why people need intimacy, because to a certain extent, people use intimacy to alleviate their possible psychological problems, and prevent them from accumulating to a certain extent and becoming more and more serious.
" In
fact, surveys have found that 43 percent of respondents believe that people
bring mental disorders on themselves, 31 percent consider such disorders to
be a sign of personal weakness, and 35 percent believe the disorders are
caused by sinful behavior (Roper, 2017; Stuber et al., 2014; NMHA, 1999). ”
THE WORD ABNORMAL IS OFTEN translated as "abnormal". This word has an obvious derogatory meaning in the Chinese context. This makes Abnormal Psychology became so most people terrified of the word, most also lack the basic concept of it.
I believe that with the progress of society and the economy, people's scientific understanding of mental illness will gradually increase. Perhaps 30 years later, people will take a more objective attitude towards people with mental disorders.
“ “ My philosophy is if you worry, you suffer twice.” (Fantastic Beasts and Where to
Find Them, 2016)
" I suffer from short-term memory loss." (Finding Dory, 2016)
" Fear of death is illogical." (Star Trek Beyond, 2016)
" She wore the gloves all the time, so I just thought, maybe she has a thing about
dirt." (Frozen, 2013)
" I just want to be perfect." (Black Swan, 2010)
" Take baby steps." (What About Bob? 1991)
" I love the smell of napalm in the morning." (Apocalypse Now, 1979)
" Snakes. Why'd it have to be snakes?" (Raiders of the Lost Ark, 1981)
" Are you talking 'to me?" (Taxi Driver, 1976)
“ Mother's not herself today.” (Psycho, 1960) ”
Everyone may suffer from different degrees and forms of mental abnormalities, which to a certain extent also shows that it is a common phenomenon. No one is always optimistic and can completely avoid negative emotions and obscure psychology, but the focus is still on the degree, which can often be reflected in words and actions. If we are careful to pay attention to the people close to their own language and actions, we may be able to timely discover and avoid them in the spirit that might exist a significant abnormality.